International Journal of Physical Education and Sports

www.phyedusports.in
Volume: 3, Issue: 9, Pages: 21-30, Year: 2018
Impact Factor: 3.125 (RIF) ISSN- 2456-2963
Effect of Football Training on Football Skills of Amateur Players of AKFDC
Dr. Mahesh Singh Dhapola1, Dr. Gaurav Pant2, Mr. Monish Kumar2
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, C.G., India.
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, B.V.D.U., Pune, M.H., India.
3
M.P.ED. student,, Department of Physical Education, B.V.D.U., Pune, M.H., India.

Received Aug 07, 2018; Accepted Aug 30, 2018; Published Sep 02, 2018

Abstract
The primary objective of the study is to highlight the effect of football training on football skills of amateur players of
AKFDC. A total of 18 subjects were selected randomly for the study between the age groups of 12 to 15 years. SAI Soccer
Playing Ability Test was used for the study. The applied program was planned for 4 months, 5 days a week and for 90 minutes a
day. Mean scores and standard deviation were taken and paired t-test was applied. Results reveal that there was significant
effect on their playing ability and football skills.

Key Words: Football Training, Football Skills, Sports Training

1. Introduction:
Think big and aim high for sure win. Let your ambition surface. Be true to your own self. Your aspiration may
seem mere day dreams and will castles in the air at the start. Never mind and never rear. What appears impossible today
will become a really tomorrow with your determination and dedication.

Sports performance today demands huge scientific and systematic training which helps in developing physical,
physiological and technical aspects in sports. Apart from this, with increased competition, sportsperson’s demands
training and consideration of mental and psychological aspects which helps in their success in this field

Football or soccer is a sport which is the world’s most popular sport is played in almost over 200 countries. It is
played with two teams, each team having eleven players. Played on an artificial or grass turf with a spherical ball, within a
rectangular field which has two goalposts on each ends of the field. Scoring is done when a team puts the ball inside their
opponent’s goalpost.

Sports performance training is used to improve a sportsperson’s fitness level so that it helps them in performing
in a given sports. It is a type of training which includes conditioning, strength training, cardiovascular training, sports
specific techniques and drills, corrective and rehabilitation exercises, periodization, psychological advice, and a constant
and continuous assessment done by a trained coach or sports trainer.

2. Methodology:
18 subjects were selected randomly from Abhijit Kadam Football Development Centre (AKFDC), Pune. Between
the age groups of 12 to 15 year. SAI Soccer Playing Ability Test was used for the study. Exclusion criteria of the study were
that the subjects had to be below the age of 12 and not above the age of 16 years, players of district, state or national
levels were excluded. The tests were conducted in BVDU, Pune football ground.

2.1 Applied Training Program:

A training program was planned for 4 months, 5 days a week and for 90 minutes a day. The training program was
based on Dutch youth soccer philosophy, which included various technical and tactical trainings, ball oriented football
drills etc.
Dhapola, Pant & Kumar, 2018
Int. J. Phy. Edu. Spo., 3(9): 21-30. ISSN- 2456-2963

2.2 Administration of the Test:

Pre and post test was applied on the subjects to measure their football skills with the help of football specific
training.
The following test was taken for the subjects.
CATEGORY ITEM NO. NAME OF TEST ITEMS
1 Shuttle Dribbling
2 WM Dribbling
3 30-yard Dribbling
Dribbling 4 40-yard Dribbling
5 Figure '8' Dribbling
6 Dribbling against the opponent
7 Ground pass a stationary ball(15yds)
8 Ground pass a stationary ball(20yds)
9 Dribbling and Ground pass(15yds)
10 Dribbling and Ground pass(20yds)
11 Aerial pass a stationary ball(20yds)
Passing and Kicking 12 Aerial pass a stationary ball(25yds)
13 Dribbling and aerial pass(20yds)
14 Dribbling and aerial pass(25yds)
15 Kicking a stationary ball for distance
16 Dribbling and kicking for distance
17 Shooting a stationary ball in the goal(20yds)
18 Shooting a stationary ball in the goal(25yds)
Shooting
19 Dribbling and shooting in the goal(20yds)
20 Dribbling and shooting in the goal(25yds)
21 Receiving the ball with chest
22 Receiving a rolling ball with foot
Receiving
23 Receiving a bouncing ball with sole of the foot
24 Receiving an aerial ball with foot
25 Heading for distance
Heading 26 Heading for accuracy(10yds)
27 Heading for accuracy(12yds)
Feinting 28 Feinting between flags
Tackling 29 Tackling "one vs one" in limited area
30 Juggling
Ball Sense 31 Repeated wall rebounds(5ft)
32 Repeated wall rebounds(7ft)

2.3 Statistical Analysis:

In order to find out the effect of Prandharana and Tratak on selected coordinative abilities, Analysis of Co-
Variance (ANCOVA) was used. The level of significance was set at 0.05 level.

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© International Journal of Physical Education and Sports (IJPES)
Dhapola, Pant & Kumar, 2018
Int. J. Phy. Edu. Spo., 3(9): 21-30. ISSN- 2456-2963

3. Findings of the Study:

Table 1
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 14.45 1.001
0.03
Post-test 14.6 1.18

Table 1 shows that there wasn’t any positive difference between the means of pre and post test of shuttle
dribbling. Before, the mean of pre test was 14.45 and after the post test the mean value was 14.6. The data was again
analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that there was a negative difference
between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 0.03 which is lesser than the tabulated ‘t’ is.

Table 2
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 42.54 3.14
1.43
Post-test 43.19 2.96

Table 2 indicates states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of WM
Dribbling. Before, the mean of pre test was 42.54 and after the post test the mean value was 43.19. The data was again
analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that there was a positive difference
between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 1.43 which is higher than the tabulated ‘t’ is.

Table 3
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 5.58 0.41
1.44
Post-test 6.25 0.45

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of 30 yard
dribbling. Before, the mean of pre test was 5.58 (0.41) and after the post test the mean value was 6.25 (SD=0.45). The
data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that there was a positive
difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 1.44 which is higher than the
tabulated ‘t’ is.
Table 4
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 6.3 0.35
1.79
Post-test 7.1 0.64

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of 40 yard
dribbling. Before, the mean of pre test was 6.3 (SD=0.35) and after the post test the mean value was 7.1 (SD=0.64). The
data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that there was a positive
difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 1.79 which is higher than the
tabulated ‘t’ is.
Table 5
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 13.01 0.63
3.78
Post-test 14.89 1.58

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© International Journal of Physical Education and Sports (IJPES)
Dhapola, Pant & Kumar, 2018
Int. J. Phy. Edu. Spo., 3(9): 21-30. ISSN- 2456-2963

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of Figure ‘8’
Dribbling. Before, the mean of pre test was 13.01 (SD=0.63) and after the post test the mean value was 14.89 (SD=1.58).
The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that there was a
positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 3.78 which is higher than
the tabulated ‘t’ is.

Table 6
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 4.55 1.19
1.76
Post-test 7.27 1.12

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of Dribbling
against an opponent. Before, the mean of pre test was 4.55 (SD=1.19) and after the post test the mean value was 7.27
(SD=1.12). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that there
was a positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 1.76 which is higher
than the tabulated ‘t’ is.
Table 7
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 32.55 4.11
2.37
Post-test 43.94 2.91

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of Ground
passing a stationary ball (15yds). Before, the mean of pre test was 32.55 (SD=4.11) and after the post test the mean value
was 43.94 (SD=2.91). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found
that there was a positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 2.37
which is higher than the tabulated ‘t’ is.

Table 8
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 30.66 9.72
1.12
Post-test 45 3.62

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of Ground
passing a stationary ball (20yds). Before, the mean of pre test was 30.66 (SD=9.72) and after the post test the mean value
was 45 (SD=3.62). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found
that there was a positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 1.12
which is higher than the tabulated ‘t’ is.

Table 9
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 19.44 4.93
6.07
Post-test 43.77 4.34

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of Dribbling
and ground pass (15yds). Before, the mean of pre test was 19.44 (SD=4.93) and after the post test the mean value was
43.77(SD=4.34). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that
there was a positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 6.07 which is
higher than the tabulated ‘t’ is.
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© International Journal of Physical Education and Sports (IJPES)
Dhapola, Pant & Kumar, 2018
Int. J. Phy. Edu. Spo., 3(9): 21-30. ISSN- 2456-2963

Table 10
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 18.55 5.96
7.76
Post-test 43.11 4.75

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of Dribbling
and ground pass (20yds). Before, the mean of pre test was 18.55 (SD=5.96 and after the post test the mean value was
43.11 (SD=4.75). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that
there was a positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 7.76 which is
higher than the tabulated ‘t’ is.

Table 11
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 11.27 4.22
1.61
Post-test 37.5 3.97

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of Aerial pass
stationary ball (15yds). Before, the mean of pre test was 11.27 (SD=4.22) and after the post test the mean value was 37.5
(SD=3.97). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that there
was a positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 1.61 which is higher
than the tabulated ‘t’ is.

Table 12
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 10 4.47
1.87
Post-test 36.55 4.68

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of Aerial pass
stationary ball (20yds). Before, the mean of pre test was 10 (SD=4.47) and after the post test the mean value was 36.55
(SD=4.68). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that there
was a positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 1.87 which is higher
than the tabulated ‘t’ is
Table 13
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 7.94 4.38
1.85
Post-test 27.22 7.32

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of Dribbling
and aerial pass (15yds). Before, the mean of pre test was 7.94 (SD=4.48) and after the post test the mean value was 27.22
(SD=7.32). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that there
was a positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 1.85 which is higher
than the tabulated ‘t’ is

Table 14
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 11.27 4.22
6.65
Post-test 36.55 4.68

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© International Journal of Physical Education and Sports (IJPES)
Dhapola, Pant & Kumar, 2018
Int. J. Phy. Edu. Spo., 3(9): 21-30. ISSN- 2456-2963

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of Dribbling
and aerial pass (20yds). Before, the mean of pre test was 11.27 SD=4.22) and after the post test the mean value was
36.55 (SD=4.68). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that
there was a positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 6.65 which is
higher than the tabulated ‘t’ is.

Table 15
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 21.33 5.6
2.98
Post-test 38.77 6.82

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of kicking a
stationary ball for distance. Before, the mean of pre test was 21.33 (SD=5.6) and after the post test the mean value was
38.77 (SD=6.82). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that
there was a positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 2.98 which is
higher than the tabulated ‘t’ is.
Table 16
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 25.33 6.23
1.83
Post-test 46 5.9

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of Dribbling
and kicking for distance. Before, the mean of pre test was 25.33 (SD=6.23) and after the post test the mean value was 46
(SD=5.9). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that there
was a positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 1.83 which is higher
than the tabulated ‘t’ is.
Table 17
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 11.27 4.22
1.61
Post-test 37.5 3.97

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of shooting a
stationary ball in goal (20yds). Before, the mean of pre test was 11.27 (SD=4.22) and after the post test the mean value
was 37.5 (SD=3.97). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found
that there was a positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 1.61
which is higher than the tabulated ‘t’ is.

Table 18
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 18.5 5.96
7.76
Post-test 43.11 4.75

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of shooting a
stationary ball in goal (25yds). Before, the mean of pre test was 18.5 (SD=5.96) and after the post test the mean value
was 43.11 (SD=4.75). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found
that there was a positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 7.76
which is higher than the tabulated ‘t’ is.

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© International Journal of Physical Education and Sports (IJPES)
Dhapola, Pant & Kumar, 2018
Int. J. Phy. Edu. Spo., 3(9): 21-30. ISSN- 2456-2963

Table 19
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 7.94 4.38
1.85
Post-test 27.22 7.32

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of Dribbling
and shooting in the goal (20yds). Before, the mean of pre test was 7.94 (SD=4.38) and after the post test the mean value
was 27.22 (SD=7.32). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found
that there was a positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 1.85
which is higher than the tabulated ‘t’ is.

Table 20
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 11.27 4.22
6.65
Post-test 36.55 4.68

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of Dribbling
and shooting in the goal (25yds). Before, the mean of pre test was 11.27 (SD=4.22) and after the post test the mean value
was 36.55 (SD=4.68). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found
that there was a positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 6.65
which is higher than the tabulated ‘t’ is.

Table 21
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 26.66 5.67
2.48
Post-test 41.5 4.98

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of receiving
the ball with the chest. Before, the mean of pre test was 26.55 (SD=5.67) and after the post test the mean value was 41.5
(SD=4.98). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that there
was a positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 2.48 which is higher
than the tabulated ‘t’ is.

Table 22
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 25.33 6.23
1.83
Post-test 46 5.9

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of receiving a
rolling ball with foot. Before, the mean of pre test was 25.33 (SD=6.23) and after the post test the mean value was 46
(SD=5.9). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that there
was a positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 1.83 which is higher
than the tabulated ‘t’ is

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© International Journal of Physical Education and Sports (IJPES)
Dhapola, Pant & Kumar, 2018
Int. J. Phy. Edu. Spo., 3(9): 21-30. ISSN- 2456-2963

Table 23
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 21.33 5.6
2.98
Post-test 38.77 6.82

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of receiving a
bouncing ball with sole of the foot. Before, the mean of pre test was 21.33 (SD=5.6) and after the post test the mean
value was 38.77 (SD=6.82). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was
found that there was a positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was
2.98 which is higher than the tabulated ‘t’ is.

Table 24
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 18.55 5.96
7.76
Post-test 43.11 4.75

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of receiving an
aerial ball with the foot. Before, the mean of pre test was 18.55 (SD=5.96) and after the post test the mean value was
44.11 (SD=4.75). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that
there was a positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 7.76 which is
higher than the tabulated ‘t’ is.

Table 25
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 9.66 2.72
2.09
Post-test 13.38 2.45

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of Heading for
distance. Before, the mean of pre test was 9.66 (SD=2.72) and after the post test the mean value was 13.38 (SD=2.45).
The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that there was a
positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 2.09 which is higher than
the tabulated ‘t’ is.

Table 26
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 10.55 3.03
9.91
Post-test 15.5 2.45

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of Heading for
accuracy (10yds). Before, the mean of pre test was 10.55 (SD=3.03) and after the post test the mean value was 15.5
(SD=2.45). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that there
was a positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 9.91 which is higher
than the tabulated ‘t’ is.

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© International Journal of Physical Education and Sports (IJPES)
Dhapola, Pant & Kumar, 2018
Int. J. Phy. Edu. Spo., 3(9): 21-30. ISSN- 2456-2963

Table 27
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 9.66 2.72
2.09
Post-test 13.38 2.45

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of Heading for
accuracy (12yds). Before, the mean of pre test was 9.66 (SD=2.72) and after the post test the mean value was 13.38
(SD=2.45). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that there
was a positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 2.09 which is higher
than the tabulated ‘t’ is.

Table 28
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 5.58 0.41
1.44
Post-test 6.25 0.45

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of Feinting
between flags. Before, the mean of pre test was 5.58 (SD=0.41) and after the post test the mean value was 6.25
(SD=0.45). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that there
was a positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 1.44 which is higher
than the tabulated ‘t’ is.

Table 29
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 4.55 1.19
1.76
Post-test 7.27 1.12

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of Tackling
“one vs one” in limited area. Before, the mean of pre test was 4.55 (SD=1.19) and after the post test the mean value was
7.27 (SD=1.12). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that
there was a positive difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 1.76 which is
higher than the tabulated ‘t’ is.

Table 30
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 3.55 1.09
1.66
Post-test 5.38 0.97

The above table states that there was positive difference between the means of pre and post test of juggling.
Before, the mean of pre test was 3.55 (SD=1.09 ) and after the post test the mean value was 5.38 (SD=0.97). The data was
again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that there was a positive difference
between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 1.66 which is higher than the tabulated ‘t’ is.

Table 31
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 9.88 2.29
0.0008
Post-test 12.16 1.38

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© International Journal of Physical Education and Sports (IJPES)
Dhapola, Pant & Kumar, 2018
Int. J. Phy. Edu. Spo., 3(9): 21-30. ISSN- 2456-2963

The above table states that there wasn’t any positive difference between the means of pre and post test of
repeated wall rebounds (5ft). Before, the mean of pre test was 9.88 (SD=2.29) and after the post test the mean value was
12.16 (SD=1.38). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that
there was a negative difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 0.0008 which
is lower than the tabulated ‘t’ is.
Table 32
Test Mean SD T-Score
Pre-Test 8.83 2.28
0.0004
Post-test 10.44 2.22

The above table states that there wasn’t any positive difference between the means of pre and post test of
repeated wall rebounds (7ft). Before, the mean of pre test was 8.83 (SD=2.28) and after the post test the mean value was
10.44 (SD=2.22). The data was again analyzed by applying paired T-test, therefore after applying ‘t’ test it was found that
there was a negative difference between the pre and post test, because the value of calculated ‘t’ ratio was 0.0004 which
is lower than the tabulated ‘t’ is.

4. Conclusions:
 There was a significant difference in the performance level of the football players.
 Out of the 32 test items, 29 test items provided the researcher with positive growth of the performance level of the
players.
 However, 3 test items provide negative improvement of the performance of the players.

5. References:
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325-326.
[6]. Verma J. P., Ghufran Mohammad, “Statistical Inference”, Statistics for Psychology, (2012): pp. 277-333.
[7]. Verma J. P., Ghufran Mohammad, “Analysis of Variance”, Statistics for Psychology, (2012): pp. 334-370.
[8]. Dr. Singh Ajmer, Dr. Bains Jagdish, Dr. Gill Gagtar Singh, Dr. Bera RS, “Essential of Physical Education”, 2003.
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[12]. O’Donell, Baan Robert, “All India Football Federation, “D” Licence”,(2013).

Corresponding Author:
Dr. Mahesh Singh Dhapola,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Physical Education,
Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur,
C.G., India.

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© International Journal of Physical Education and Sports (IJPES)