Region III

Schools Division of Zambales

MICRO ASIA COLLEGE OF SCIENCE

AND TECHNOLOGY, INC.

Paulien, Zone I, Iba, Zambales

A Research Project

Presented to the faculty of Science Technology

Engineering and Mathematics

A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH: IMPACT OF 1986 EDSA PEOPLE

POWER REVOLUTION AMONG GENERATION X OF IBA, ZAMBALES

In partial fulfillment of the requirements

needed for the subject

Practical Research I

RESEARCHERS:

ALIPIO, HANNAH PAULINE M.

BALANGON, RAFAEL B.
ENTREALGO, JULIAN E.
GUINTO, ILONAH FAYE A.
LULUQUISIN, CHRISTINA M.
MARCIA, ANGELICA A.
MOSE, MARK R.

STEM 11 – B

2020-2021

Ms. Kirsten Ashley Agbanglo

(Research Adviser)

MICRO ASIA COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, INC.

 CHAPTER I

The Problem and It’s Background

Introduction

The 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution accumulated millions of

Filipinos from all works of life to walk along Epifanio de los

Santos Avenue (EDSA), the primary corridor of Metro Manila, to end

the dictatorship of President Ferdinand E. Marcos and begin a new

era marked by true freedom and a democratic system. This spirit of

the development was not restricted to Manila. It showed through

peaceful exhibitions organized in various urban communities

nationwide. It was a revolution set apart by its tranquil methods,

driven by a country joined to recover freedom. The People Power

Revolution (otherwise called the EDSA Revolution and the Philippine

Revolution of 1986) was a series of popular demonstrations in the

Philippines that started in 1983 and culminated in 1986. The

strategies utilized added up to a supported mission of common

obstruction against system brutality and electoral fraud.

The occasions of February 25,1986 altered the course of our

nation's history; it displayed to the world the wonderful purpose

of the Filipino people. It proclaimed a time of peace. Throughout

the years, we have kept on recalling this momentous event by

honoring the sacrifices of each individual who fought the

dictatorship.

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 In the Philippines, the EDSA Revolution Anniversary is

observed as a special public holiday. It has been a special non-

working holiday since 2002. The celebration will most likely be

more subdued as the country and region struggle to deal with the

effects of the economic slowdown and the disruption of previously

secure political orders. Better to enjoy the political satire of

the moment than to engage in the sober reflection that a sustained

sense of national purpose and civic duty requires. Additionally, in

the midst of today’s remembrance of the People Power Revolution of

1986, one should ponder the meaning of historic mass action, the

original context within which it might be better appreciated, and

the painful but now captivating perception for analyzing the

current validity of this experience.

Throughout 1986, a critical mass of Filipinos found Marcos

and the political order he established abhorrent enough to back a

small band of desperate military coup plotters, prompting the

ailing dictator, his family, and confederates to flee the country.

The rulers and allies of the “people power revolution” could have

worked hard to flesh out this press heritage. Nevertheless, the

revolutionary possibilities suggested by the new government’s early

policies would remain a temporary phenomenon. No revolutionary

probability could prosper in the face of policies that obscured the

totally contrary nature of the nation’s traitors and patriots,

victimizers and victims, plunderers and plundered. A nation that

has been successfully misled by its leaders into accepting this

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convenient and self-serving errors, learns to forgive and forget

quickly.

This explains how it affects all Filipinos. How they lived

when martial law was declared under Marcos’ leadership. No one can

deny or diminish the events of four wondrous days on EDSA when

Filipinos taught the world a lesson in peaceful revolution. It will

also be appropriate to celebrate and remember that one breakthrough

moment. It is important for us to know so that we can be reminded

of it every day.

Background of the Study

         The People Power Revolution, also known as the EDSA Revolution

or the February Revolution, was an extremely popular demonstration

in the Philippines that occurred from February 22–25, 1986. There

was a sustained campaign of civil resistance against violence and

electoral fraud and also by people deprived of freedom, democracy,

and human rights. The gathering of the Filipinos led to the

departure of Ferdinand Marcos; it marked the end of his 20-year

presidential term and started the restoration of democracy in the

Philippines. The advancement to the said revolution gave new

insights to the Filipino citizens, they learned about the power of

the people who unite and fight against what they believe to be

wrong. Also, how their power as citizens should be valued because

they are the ones in charge of choosing who will sit as president.

The Martial Law disciplined the Filipinos even though a lot of

people were not in favor of it; however, it worsened our country’s

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economic status and lifestyle. Martial Law resulted in Filipinos

wanting to join rallies to overthrow administrations that did not

align with their beliefs. Nowadays, rallying excessively does not

benefit protesters and while the revolution brought some name

changes in the top echelons of power, that power remained

concentrated among a small rich elite – something that is still the

case today.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine The Impact of 1986 Edsa People Power

Revolution in The Philippines. It also targets to explain how this

revolution affect the lives of Filipinos. Specifically, this study

aims to answer the following questions:

1. What are the respondent’s profile in terms of:

1.1 Name (optional)

1.2 Age

1.3 Sex

1.4 Date of Birth

2. What factors lead people to revolt?

3. How does 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution contribute to the

advancement or decline of Philippine Government?  

4. What are the Impacts of 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution in the
country? Specifically, to the Government and to the Filipinos?

5. How does the said Revolution make Philippine Government

different from other countries?

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6. How does 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution shape Philippine
Government today?

7. What are the reasons people were able to achieve what they are
fighting for in rallies during EDSA People Power Revolution?

Significance of the Study

Some Filipinos encountered 1986 Edsa People Power Revolution

is This research we conducted, help us to understand what
specifically event happened.

Benefiting the study are the various sectors as follows:

1. Students -this study will be beneficial to the students to

understand and develop their mind about what were the events

happened in the 1986 Edsa People Power Revolution.

2. Teachers -this study may serve as a guide and reference for

the

teachers the teachers to gain more knowledge about this event

and

on how to improve and enhance the way they teach and explain
the

said event to the next generation.

3. Researcher -the finding of the study will help the researcher

to

Develop their knowledge in terms of conducting research.

4. Future Researcher – this research will be useful reference for

the

next researchers who would plan to make any related study

about

the 1986 Edsa People Power Revolution.

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 Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

EDSA People Power Revolution

According to Pena (2001), when the Filipinos launched a

bloodless people power revolution in 1986, termed EDSA I, to
overthrow the constitutional dictatorship, people from all over the
world hailed the nation as a bastion of democracy and freedom.
Fifteen years later, Filipinos gathered at the hallowed EDSA shrine
once more, this time to dethrone a corrupt president. EDSA II, on
the other hand, drew criticism from certain factors of society and
even international observers, unlike its predecessor. While most
Filipinos were debating the possibility of an unprecedented EDSA
III, the forces ousted by EDSA II, namely supporters of former
President Joseph Estrada, conquered EDSA to demonstrate their own
vision of people power.

According to Stoker & Marsh (2002), the analysis in this

paper begins with operationalizing the basis for evaluating the
quality of post-revolution political growth, which is inspired by a
historical-institutional paradigm. The research in this paper
begins with operationalizing the benchmarks for evaluating the
standard of post-revolutionary political progress, which is
inspired by a historical-institutional model. As a result, six
theoretical viewpoints can be used to determine the quality of
democratization: (1) key structural economic dilemmas; (2) voting
process; (3) civil society; (4) press freedoms; (5) political
corruption; (6) stability and order. The most important current
issues of political development, according to the above standards
of study, are triggered by what historical institutionalists refer
to as historically grounded norms and values that guide political
interactions that can be found within the complex nexus of state
and society from a transhistorical viewpoint.

David (2002), real people's power is self-sufficient, self-

willed, and well-informed. It derives its courage and determination
from the power of its convictions. It is inventive and uninhibited,
with little regard for dogma, political correctness, or party
lines. It is a spiritual protest raised to the level of art. It is
not intimidated by authority. It opposes power, but it despises
power. That is why there are no rulers, just symbols...It is a
nonviolent and strictly disciplined organization. It is militant
but never upsetting. It is indeed festive and celebratory. It may
be furious at times, but it is never violent. It not only claims

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the moral high ground, but it also sees itself as the power of the
modern, the vanguard of a promising future.

Astorga (2006), the article systematically focuses on the

1986 Filipino People Power Revolution thru the illumination of
theology. It claims that there can be no liberation apart from a
people's beliefs and values, with religion serving as its
fundamental source. The struggle against injustice and oppression
must be united with a people's awareness of their cultural
rootedness, which is at the core of religion. The dynamics of
culture and religion, and its bearing on moral vision, empowered
the Filipino People Power Revolution and provided the foundation
for its nonviolent spirit.

Guattari (2008), a revolution is a process, a change that

renders going back to the same point unthinkable... a cycle that
transforms everything, a repetition that brings in the
irreversible... a process that creates history, moving us away from
a repetition of the same behaviors and significances. As a result,
a revolution cannot be programmed by itself, since what is
programmed is still the déjà-là. Revolutions, like history, are
full of surprises. They are often volatile by nature. That doesn't
mean you can't work for revolution if you define "working for
revolution" as "working for the unforeseen."

Castro (2009), the researcher establishes a connection

between Filipinos' perceptions of previous People Power Revolutions
and their effect on their Social Movement Participation and
Behavior in People Power Fatigue: The Filipinos' Response to the
Failure of the People Power Revolution. The study also denies the
presence of People Power Fatigue, arguing that the decline in
people's participation in legal protest calls is a manifestation of
Filipinos' growing political consciousness and an increased
awareness that People Power Revolution is an effective political
tool that loses its importance when used hastily now and then. In
addition, silence and passive involvement among Filipinos is a
natural reaction to the government's repressive tactics, as
individuals weigh the costs and benefits of participating in
legitimate protest actions against the government. Furthermore, the
study enumerated and ranked the reasons why Filipinos are hesitant
to participate in mobilizations. Finally, the study offers two
alternatives to the People Power Revolution that are favored by the
majority of Filipinos, as well as a justification for such choice.

Gonzaga (2009), the EDSA People Power Revolution was

remarkable and extraordinary. It might be viewed as the enactment
of a spontaneous and transient collectivity specifically in
response to the contingency of the event. It was unplanned, even
accidental, instead of being organized by the logic of rationality
and intentionality. Depending on the circumstances, the size of the
multitude that comprised this collectivity may decrease or increase

MICRO ASIA COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, INC.

depending on the urgency of the occasion. As seen in this first
account, the narrator lacks the training and conviction required to
become a hero, and yet her fears, though genuine, are drowned by
the inescapability of the moment.the EDSA People Power Revolution
was something new and extraordinary. It could be seen as the
enactment of a spontaneous and transitory collectivity that was
constituted according to the contingency of the situation. Instead
of being organized by the logics of rationality and intentionality,
it was unplanned, even accidental. Driven by the urgency of the
occasion, the size of the multitude that comprised this
collectivity could shrink or swell depending on the circumstances.
As exemplified in this first account, the narrator has no training
or conviction to become a hero, and yet her fears, while cogent,
are subsumed within the inescapability of the moment.

George (2013), Marcos effectively put an end to three decades

of free press, and journalists who spoke out against him were
persecuted or even assassinated.

According to Cullen (2016), the Edsa revolution was not like

previous revolutions in other nations, but the nonviolent
revolution that occurred in the Philippines also resulted in
success for what the people were fighting for, which was
independence. So after the Edsa revolution, Filipinos were given
the opportunity to turn their country into a just and fair nation
that provided dignity to all citizens. There are also numerous
factors that the revolution brought about in the region,
particularly in terms of economic status and development.

Moratilla (2019), the EDSA Revolution, also known as the

People Power Revolution or the EDSA People Power Revolt, which led
to the demise of Filipino dictator Ferdinand Marcos in 1986, was
supposedly the formal restoration of civil liberties that had been
stripped away by Marcos' martial law. After the rebellion, formal
democratic institutions and civil rights, including the right to
free elections and peaceful assembly, were restored. After EDSA,
governments have been marked by a disregard for employees' welfare
and a failure to address lengthy labor issues such as low salaries,
job insecurity, and contractualization. Due to the scarcity of job
prospects in the Philippines, administrations after EDSA have
supported migration as a de facto job-generating mechanism.
However, the export of human resources has negative implications,
such as making overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) vulnerable to abuse
and exploitation. Using the concept of counter-history and
information from both government and non-government organizations.

Conceptual Framework

Research Paradigm

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1. What are the respondent's
profile in terms of:
1.1. Name (optional)
1.2. Age
1.3. Sex
1.4. Date of Birth
2. What factors lead people to
revolt?
3. How does 1986 EDSA People When reflecting on the
Power Revolution contribute to events of the monarchy, the
the advancement or decline of Edsa people's power
Philippine Government? movement is one of the
4. What are the Impacts of 1986 events that our forefathers
EDSA People Power Revolution in will never forget. Some
the country? Specifically, to people born in the modern
the Government and to the era have no knowledge of
Filipinos? INTERVIEW the events of these days,
5. How does the said Revolution so this study helps them or
make Philippine Government us recall the events of the
different from other countries? 1980s, which were one of
6. How does 1986 EDSA People our parents' or ancestors'
Power Revolution shape most notable events.
Philippine Government today?
7. What are the reasons people
were able to achieve what they
are fighting for in rallies
during EDSA People Power
Revolution?

Figure 1. Research Paradigm

Definition of Terms

Assassinated -to kill suddenly or secretively, especially a

prominent person; murder premeditatedly and treacherously.

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Bastion – anything seen as preserving or protecting some quality,

condition, etc.

Bloodless- victory is one in which nobody is killed,

Conviction -the act or process of finding a person guilty of a

crime especially in a court of law.

Corrupt -to change from good too bad in morals, manners, or

actions.

De facto -n fact, or in effect, whether by right or not.

Déjà-là –is a French term of the phrase “already here”,

Demise - a loss of position or status.

Dethrone - to remove from a throne or place of power or prominence.

Dilemmas - a usually undesirable or unpleasant choice.

Dogma - something held as an established opinion.

Dynamic - marked by usually continuous and productive activity or

change

Edsa - is a limited-access circumferential highway around Manila,

the capital city of the Philippines.

Empowered - having the knowledge, confidence, means, or ability to

do things or make decisions for oneself.

Enactment - something (such as a law) that has been enacted.

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Exploitation - an act or instance of exploiting.

Hailed - to call out to, as in order to stop or to attract the

attention of.

Liberation - a movement seeking equal rights and status for a

group.

Mechanism - a process, technique, or system for achieving a result.

Militant - engaged in warfare or combat.

Multitude - the state of being many.

Nexus - a connected group or series.

Precarity - the state or condition of being precarious.

Rationality - the quality or state of being agreeable to reason.

Rebellion - opposition to one in authority or dominance.

Re-democratization - The process of making democratic again.

Revolution - the action by a celestial body of going round in an

orbit or elliptical course.

Rootedness - the quality of being rooted or firmly established.

Scarcity - the quality or state of being scarce.

Transhistorical - transcending historical bounds.

Vanguard - he forefront of an action or movement.

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Volatile - characterized by or subject to rapid or unexpected

change.

Vulnerable - capable of being physically or emotionally wounded.

Welfare - the state of doing well especially in respect to good

fortune, happiness, well-being, or prosperity.

Chapter III

Research Methodology

This chapter presents the method of research used in the study, the

description of the respondents, instruments used in gathering data

and the development of the research document, and the procedures

needed to be followed to organize the experimentation.

Research Design

A Historical Analysis Research is a method of the examination

of evidence in coming to an understanding of the past. It is

particularly applied to evidence contained in documents, although

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it can be applied to all artefacts. The historian is, first,

seeking to gain some certainty as to the facts of the past. This

study was concerned with the Impact of 1986 Edsa People Power

Revolution among generation x of Iba, Zambales.

Research Locale

The study was conducted in the whole municipality of Iba. It

involves selected people among generation x of Iba, Zambales.

Figure 2. Map of the Municipality Iba, Zambales

Data Gathering Procedure

For gathering, the research needs the use of questionnaire.

After reading and studying samples questionnaire from related

studies, the researchers prepared their own questionnaire. They

also consulted knowledgeable people about the preparation aspects

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 of the problem and to answer specific question under the statement

of the problem. Then they submitted the questionnaire to the

researcher for some correction after it was finalized.

Population and Sample

The researcher gather information about the population of the

respondents to belly up with the sample to be udes in analyzing

data. Slovin’s formula was used to adjudicate the sample % derived

from the population.

Table 1:

Population and Sample

People Population Size

Among Iba, Zambales 15

Total 15

Table 1 shows the distribution number of respondents to this study

among generation x of Iba, Zambales. Apparently, the data in the

tables shows that the respondents. The total sample for this study

is

15.

Research Instrument

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The questionnaire used in gathering data is to determine the impact

of 1986 Edsa People Power Revolution among generation x of Iba,

Zambales. This questionnaire is composed about the factors lead

people to revolt, contribute to the advancement or decline of

Philippine Government, impact in the country specifically to the

government and to the Filipinos, revolution make Philippine

government different from other countries, shape today and the

reasons people were able to achieve what they are fighting for

rallies during the said revolution.

Research Questionnaire

NAME (Optional): _______________________________________

AGE: ____ years old GENDER: ___________

Q1. How old were you during the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution?

_____________

Q2. What was the purpose of People Power? What was its message?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

Q3. How would you compare the leadership of Marcos then, to the

leadership of our current President Duterte?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

Q4. How did you find yourself in the middle of the Revolution?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

Q5. Can you state what was the greatest factor or effect that the

EDSA Revolution did in the Philippines?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

Q6. What are the advantage and disadvantage of 1986 EDSA People

Power Revolution?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

_____

Q7. What makes the Philippines different from other countries in

the said EDSA Revolution?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

Q8. On your own opinion, what are the biggest differences before

and after the EDSA Revolution?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

_____

Q9. Where were you during that time? Did your family join the

revolution?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

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Q10. How do you define EDSA People Power?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

Q11. Is it impactful in your opinion when Marcos’ dictatorship is

in place?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

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