aaa Tas CO A tangent toa circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact, OA line drawn through the end point of a radius and perpendicular to it is a tangent to the circle. C7 The length of two tangents drawn from an external point Radiee toa circle are equal. For example in Fig 8.2, PA = PB. A Ta Fig. 8.1 P 5 Fig. 8.2 (C1 Iftwo tangents are drawn to a circle from an external point, then (i) they subtend equal angle at the centre. Pe (ii) they are equally inclined to the line segment joining the centre and the external point. ZAOP = ZBOP and ZAPO = ZBPOose and write the correct option in the following questions. 1. Ifangle between two radii of a circle is 130°, the angle between the tangents at the ends of 4, radii is: ENCERT Exenpie @ 90° (50° (©) 70° (a) 40° i In Fig. 8.4, the pair of tangents AP and AQ drawn from an external point 2. A toa circle with centre O are perpendicular to each other and length of, each tangent is 5 cm. Then radius of the circle is [NCERT Exemplar] (@ 10cm (b) 7.5m ° () 5cm (d) 2.5m. 3. In Fig. 8.5, PQ is a chord of a circle and PT is the tangent at P such that Fig. 84 ‘RT Exemplar] ZQPT = 60°. Then ZPRQ is equal to ZA LX — T Pp Fig. 8.5 (a) 135° (b) 150° (©) 120° (@ 110°! atpointA ona diameter AB of a circle of radius 10 cm, * eagth of the chord CD parallel to XY at a distance 16 Bem (6) 10cm tangent XAY is drawn to the circle. The cm from A is (©) 16cm (2) 18cm 5 In Fig. 8.6, if PA and PB are tangents to the circle with centre 0 such that ZAPB = 50°, then " 7PAB is equal to Fig. 8.6 ° (d) 70° (@) 38° (b 65° (c) 40 () circles touch each other externally at C and AB is common tangent of circles, then ZACB §. Two circles touch ea @) 70° (b) 60° Ome afe 1, The length of the tangent drawn from a point 8 cm away from the centre of a circle of radius 6cmis (@) 10cm (6) 5cm (©) v7 cm (d) 2V7 cm 3, In Fig. 8.8, if PA and PB are tangents to the circle with centre O such that ZAPB = 50°, then ZOAB is equal to [NCERT Exemplar] (d) 50° (c) 40° (a) 25° (6) 30°9. In Fig. 8.9, if ZAOB = 125°, then ZCOD is equal to INCERT Pxenpia a) ‘NT 7 WY D Cc Fig. 8.9 (a) 62.5° (b) 45° (c) 35° (d) 55° 10. In Fig. 8.10, AB is a chord of the circle and AOC is its diameter such that ZACB = 50°. IfATis the tangent to the circle at the point A, then ZBAT is equal [NCERT Exemplar] Cc RY J : T Fig. 8.10 (a) 65° (b) 60° (©) 50° tw a0" BlL. 13. Ifradii of two concentric circles are 4 cm and 5 cm, then the length of each chord of one Cite which is tangent to the other circle is (NCERT Exempla) (a) 3cm (6) Gem @ Lom In Fig. 8.11, if is the centre of a circle, PQis a chord and the tangent PR at P makes an ag, (NCERT Exempla of 50° with PQ, then ZPOQ is equal to (©) 9em P R a Fig. 8.11 n (a) 100° (6) 80° (©) 90° (a) 75° If AABC is circumscribing a circle in the Fig. 8.12. The length ton of AB is F; E (2) 12cm () 13 em 9a 14 (©) 9em @ 14cm “Ss Fig. 8.12int X, y. Froma point X, the length of the tangent to a circle is 20 cm and the distance of X from the centre . Iftwo tangents inclined at an angle 60° js 25 em. The radius of the circle is (@ 10cm (0) 5V4T cm © 15cm (d) 20cm Ifangle between two radii of a circle is 125°, then the angle between the tangents at the ends of the radii is @ 90° (b) 75° (0) 55° (d) 125° From a point P which is at a distance of 13 em from the centre O of a circle of radius 5 cm, the pair of tangents PQ and PR to the circle are drawn. Then the area of the quadrilateral PQOR is (a) 60 cm” (b) 65 cm? (c) 30 cm® (d) 32.5 cm? are drawn to a circle of radius 3 cm, then length of each [NCERT Exemplar] tangent is equal to @ 33 cm (a) 38 cm (6) 6cm (©) 3cm In Fig. 8.13, if PQR is the tangent to a circle at Q whose centre is 0, AB is a chord parallel to PRand ZBQR = 70°, then ZAQB is equal INCERT Exemplar] A B — a Rk Fig. 8.13 (0) 38° @) 45° (a) 20° (bh) 40°19, Atone end 4 of a diameter 4B of a circle of radius 5 cm, tangent XAY is drawn to the circle. The length of the chord CD parallel to XY and at a distance 8 cm from A is Fig. 8.14 (a) 4cm (6) 5m (c) 6cm (d) 8cm 20. The number tangents that can be drawn to a circle from a point inside it is (a) one (b) two (©) infinite (@) none@ 4cm (b) 5m © 6cm (2) 8cm 20, The number tangents that can be drawn to a circle from a point inside it is (@) one (0) two (© infinite Answers 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (0) 4. (0) 5. (b) 7. @) 8. (a) 9. (d) 10. (c) 11. (6) 13. (@) 14. (©) 15. (0) 16. (2) 17. (d) 19. (@) 20. (d) (d) none 6. (d) 12. @ 18. (b) Circles 1Fill in the Blanks Complete the following statements with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s). through the point of contact. 1. Tangent is perpendicular to the Length of two tangents drawn from an external point are is the Latin word from which the word tangent has been derived, Number of tangents that can be drawn from an external point to a circle is A line that intersects a circle in two distinct points is called oo Rw Aline that intersects a circle in one point only is calledVery Short Answer Questions 1. Ifa point P is 17 cm from the centre of a circle of radius 8 cm, A then find the length of the tangent drawn to the circle from point P. Sol. OAL PA (-: Radius is L to tangent at point of contact) n At In AOAP, we have we) PO? = PA? + AO® = (7 = ear +P ee (PA)= 289 - 64 = 225 > PA = 995 =15 Hence, the length of the tangent from point P is 15 cm. 2. The length of the tangent to a circle from a point P, which is 25 cm ad away from the centre, is 24 cm. What is the radius of the circle? Sol. 0Q 1 PQ (-: Radius is perpendicular to tangent at 2 Bes point of contact) PQ? + QO? = OP* > OQ? + 247 = 257 or OQ= 625-576Sol. or OQ= J625 = J49 = 7m In Fig. 8.21, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. If ZBAC = 50° and ZDBC = 60° then find 7BCD. |. Here ZBDC = ZBAC = 50° (Angles in same segment are equal) In ABCD, we have ZBCD 180° - (ZBDC + ZDBC) 180° — (50° + 60°) = 70° In Fig. 8.22, the quadrilateral ABCD circumscribes a circle with centre O. then find ZCOD. ZAOB = ZCOD (Vertically opposite angles) ZCOD = 115° Fig. 8.22 Fig. 8.21 If ZAOB = 15. In Fig. 825, A4BC is circumscribing a circle. Find the length of AC. WZ Ne %% 4m 8 7 c Fig. 8.23 Sol. AN = AM = 3cm (Tangents drawn from an external point) (Tangents drawn from an external point) BN = BL=4cm CL = CM = AC-AM = 9-3 =6cm BC = BL + CL=4+6= 10cm. 6. In Fig. 8.24, O is the centre of a circle, PQ is a chord and the tangent PR at P makes an angle of 50° with PQ. Find ZP0Q. Sol. ZOPQ = 90° — 50° = 40° (Radii of a circle) OP =0Q ZOPQ = ZOQP = 40° (Equal sides have equal opposite angles) 4POQ = 180°- ZOPQ- ZOQP Fig. 8.24 Se ee = 180°- 40°- 40° = 100°If two tangents inclined at an angle 60° are drawn to a ci i eee a circle of radius 3 cm, then find the sot In Fig. 8.25 a MOP = ABOP (By SSS congruence criterion) = ZAPO = ZBPO = © ~ 39° . 2 In AAOP, OA 1 AP 0A tan 30° = “7 "4 ao Fig. 8.25 5) 4p > AP = 3y3 cm 8. Ifradii of two concentric circles are 4 cm and 5 cm, then find the length of each chord of one circle which is tangent to the other circle. Sol. OA=4cm, OB = 5cm Also, 0A LBC : OB? = OA? + AB a ee 7 AAI => AB = (25-16 =3cm Se > BC =2AB Fig. 826 =2x3=6cm a IRQ9, PQisa tangent drawn from a point P to a circle with centre O and QOR is a diameter of the circle such that ZPOR = 120° then find ZOPQ. Sol. ZOQP = 90° ql E ZQOP = 180° — 120° = 60° [*) ZOPQ = 180° - ZOQP - ZQOP = 180° - 90° - 60° = 30° Fig. 8.27 10. From an external point P, tangents PA and PB are drawn to a circle with centre 0. If [CBSE Delhi 2016] 2PAB = 50°, then find ZAOB. B Fig. 8.28 Sol. PA = PB => ZBAP = ZABP = 50° ZAPB = 180° — 50° ~ 50° = 80° and ZAOB = 180°- 80° = 100°11, In Fig. 8.29, PQ is a tangent at a point C to a circle with centre O. If AB is a diameter ZCAB = 30°, find ZPCA. (CBSE (41) 2m Sol. ZACB = 90° (Angle in the semicircle) ZCAB = Ne 0° (given) In AABC, LZ” 90° + 30° + ZABC = 180° A > ZABC = 60° PCA = ZABC (Angles in the alternate segment) ZPCA = 60° Now, Fig. 8.30 OR Construction: Join O to C. ZPCO = 90° (Line joining centre to point of contact is perpendicular to PQ) In MOC, 04 = OC ZOAC = ZOCA = 30° ZPCA = ZPCO ~ ZACO = 90° - 30° = 60° (Radii of circle) (Equal sides have equal opp. angles) Now,