The Perfect

 Reduplication
o occurs in all moods
o aspirated consonants reduplicate as a stop
o initial sibilants are usually dropped after reduplication e.g. perf. of ζετεω is ἐζετηκα
o occurs after preposition in compound verbs
 Tense formative
o κα
o contracting vowel lengthens
 The perfect middle/passive does not use connecting vowels

Meaning:

 Focus on present state as a result of completed action

 Compared to aorist adverbial participle: not just sequence, but focus is on present state
o Very similar in meaning