Antilock Full

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All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-

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‫ﻋَﻦْ أَﺑِﻲ ﻫُﺮَﻳْﺮَةَ رَﺿِﻲَ اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ ﻋَﻨْﻪُ‪ ،‬ﻗَﺎلَ‪ :‬ﻗَﺎلَ رَﺳُﻮلُ اﻟﻠﱠﻪِ ﺻَﻠﱠﻰ اﻟﻠﱠﻪُ ﻋَﻠَﻴْﻪِ‬
‫وَﺳَﻠﱠﻢَ‪:‬‬
‫" ﻣَﺜَﻞُ ﻋِﻠْﻢٍ ﻻ ﻳُﻘَﺎلُ ﺑِﻪِ ﻛَﻤَﺜَﻞِ ﻛَﻨْﺰٍ ﻻ ﻳُﻨْﻔَﻖُ ﻣِﻨْﻪُ ﻓِﻲ ﺳَﺒِﻴﻞِ اﻟﻠﱠﻪِ ﻋَﺰﱠ وَﺟَﻞﱠ"‬
‫‪All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-‬‬

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‫أﻫﺪاف اﻟﻤﺎدة ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت ‪Anti-Lock Brake System -ABS /‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ ظﺎھﺮة ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫وظﯿﻔﺔ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ أﺟﺰاء ﻧﻈﺎم ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت ودور ﻛﻞ ﺟﺰء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﯿﺎﻧﺔ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت واﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ أﻛﻮاد اﻷﻋﻄﺎل وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻘﻨﯿﺎت‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ واﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﻌﺪة ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﺴﻮﻓﺖ وﯾﺮ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً داﺧﻞ اﯾﺒﺮوم ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت ‪ ABS‬ﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﺒﺪال‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ﻛﺎﻣﻼً‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ إﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﻌﺠﻼت ‪Electronic Stability System - ESP /‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ إﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﻌﺠﻼت‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫وظﯿﻔﺔ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﻌﺠﻼت‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ أﺟﺰاء ﻧﻈﺎم اﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﻌﺠﻼت واﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻛﻮﺣﺪة واﺣﺪة ﻣﻊ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻏﻠﻖ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﺠﻼت ودور ﻛﻞ ﺟﺰء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﯿﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم واﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ أﻛﻮاد اﻷﻋﻄﺎل وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻘﻨﯿﺎت اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ واﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪة ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻓﻨﯿﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻈﺎم ‪ ABS‬و ‪ ESP‬ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻋﻄﺎﻟﮭﻤﺎ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﺎھﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻧﺠﺎز اﻟﻤﺴﺎق ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 10‬ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ﺑﻤﻌﺪل ﺳﺎﻋﺘﯿﻦ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮة‪.‬‬

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‫وظﯿﻔﺔ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت "‪ : "ABS‬ﯾﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﯾﺘﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻔﺮﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮق وﯾﻌﻤﻞ اﯾﻀﺎ ً ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺼﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻣﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻜﺮة اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ :‬ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ اﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻔﺮﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺮطﺒﺔ‬
‫او اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻘﺔ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﯾﺘﻢ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻘﻄﯿﻊ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻔﺮﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮاﺗﺮ" وھﺬا ﯾﺆدي اﻟﻰ اﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ اﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻔﺮﻣﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﻘﻔﻞ وﯾﻔﺘﺢ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﻧﻈﺎم ‪ ABS‬ھﻲ ‪ 20-30‬ﻣﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﯾﺘﻢ دﻣﺞ اﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﺧﺮى ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻣﻊ ﻧﻈﺎم ‪ ABS‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻗﻮة اﻟﻔﺮﻣﻠﺔ ‪Brake -‬‬
‫)‪ ،force Distribution (EBD‬وﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺜﺒﺎت اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ )‪Electronic (ESC/ESP‬‬
‫‪ Stability Control‬او ﻛﻤﺎ ھﻮ ﺷﺎﺋﻊ ‪ Electronic Stability System‬وﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺤﺐ )‪ ، Traction Control Unit-(TCS‬ﻟﺰﯾﺎدة اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﯿﺎرة وﺳﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﻟﮭﺬه اﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ أﺟﺰاء اﻟﻔﺮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻌﺮﻓﮭﺎ‬

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‫اﻻﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆدي اﻟﻰ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ‪:‬‬

‫أﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺮطﺒﺔ او اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.١‬‬
‫اﻷﺧﻄﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺮﺗﻜﺒﮭﺎ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻘﯿﻦ واﻟﻤﺸﺎه‬ ‫‪.٢‬‬
‫رد ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻚ‬ ‫‪.٣‬‬
‫اھﺘﺮاء اﻟﻌﺠﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.٤‬‬
‫ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ ﻧﻈﺎم ‪: ABS‬‬

‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮازن أﻛﺒﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﺴﯿﻦ اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺄﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﯿﮫ " اﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ"‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪم اھﺘﺮاء اﻟﻌﺠﻼت‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮازن اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﻟﺜﻘﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﮭﺎ ﻣﺠﺮور أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻔﺮﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮه‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﺎم ‪ 1978‬أول ﺟﮭﺎز ‪ ABS‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻮش ‪ BOSCH‬اﻻﻟﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﯿﺎرة ﻣﺮﺳﯿﺪس ‪S-‬‬
‫‪ CLASS‬وﺳﯿﺎرة ‪ ، BMW‬ﻛﺎن وزﻧﮫ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ ‪ 6.3kg‬وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎن ﯾﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﻨﻈﺎم ‪. ABS2‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﺎم ‪ 2003‬ﺗﻢ ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم وﺳﻤﻲ ﺑـ ‪ ABS 8.0‬وﻛﺎن وزﻧﮫ ‪ ،1.6kg‬وﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ‬
‫ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم وﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ وزﻧﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪى اﻟﺴﻨﻮات اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬

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‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻔﺮﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺪون ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﻻﻧﺰﻻق ‪: ABS‬‬
‫‪Brake Pedal‬‬ ‫‪.٠١‬‬

‫"‪Vacuum "Brake Booster‬‬ ‫‪.٠٢‬‬
‫‪Master Cylinder‬‬ ‫‪.٠٣‬‬
‫‪Brake Fluid‬‬ ‫‪.٠٤‬‬
‫‪Brake Flexible‬‬ ‫‪.٠٥‬‬
‫‪Wheel Cylinder‬‬ ‫‪.٠٦‬‬
‫‪Disc Brake‬‬ ‫‪.٠٧‬‬
‫‪Drum Brake‬‬ ‫‪.٠٨‬‬
‫‪Pressure Regulator Valve‬‬ ‫‪.٠٩‬‬
‫‪Hand Brake‬‬ ‫‪.١٠‬‬
‫‪Hand Brake Cable‬‬ ‫‪.١١‬‬
‫‪Brake Light‬‬ ‫‪.١٢‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم ‪: ABS‬‬

‫‪ -١‬وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﯿﺔ ‪: Hydraulic Pressure Modulator /‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﻔﺬ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﯿﺔ اﻻواﻣﺮ اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎت ﻟﻮﻟﺒﺔ ﺗﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻔﺮاﻣﻞ ‪ ،‬وھﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬
‫اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ " ‪ " Master Cylinder‬واﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺎت ﻓﺮاﻣﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺠﻼت "اﻟﻌﺠﻼت اﻻرﺑﻌﺔ"‬

٧

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‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﯿﺔ – ﻣﻀﺨﺔ اﻹرﺟﺎع ‪: Modulator Pump Motor /‬‬

‫وھﻲ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ ارﺟﺎع ﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻔﺮاﻣﻞ وﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺤﺮك ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺤﺐ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻦ اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ وارﺟﺎﻋﮫ اﻟﻰ اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺠﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺋﻞ وﺻﻤﺎم ﻻ رﺟﻮع‪.‬‬

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‫‪ -٣‬وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ ‪ -ABS Electronic control unit /‬وﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬داﺋﺮة اﻟﺪﺧﻮل "‪ : "Input Circuit‬وﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻘﯿﺔ وﺗﻜﺒﯿﺮ اﻻﺷﺎرات اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ ا ﻠﻘﺎدﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺴﺎت اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺤﻮل اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﺠﯿﺒﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺴﺎت اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻰ‬
‫اﺷﺎرات ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﺎت ﻣﺴﺘﻄﯿﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ "‪ : "Digital Controller‬ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻲ – ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ‪ ،‬وﻓﯿﮫ‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ اﺷﺎرات اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﯿﻠﺔ اﻟﻰ ﻗﯿﻢ رﻗﻤﯿﺔ وﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻻﺳﺎس ﻓﻲ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮات‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻧﺰﻻق او اﻟﺘﺒﺎطﺆ او اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع ﻟﻠﻌﺠﻼت‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬داﺋﺮة اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺬات "‪ : "Output Circuit‬وﻓﯿﮫ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ اﻻواﻣﺮ اﻟﺮﻗﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺗﯿﺎرات "ارﺳﺎل‬
‫اﺷﺎرات اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻼت " ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎت ﺗﯿﺎر وﺗﺮاﻧﺰﺳﺘﻮر ﻗﺪرة ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﻤﻠﻔﺎت ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﯿﺔ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﻤﺤﺮك ﻣﻀﺨﺔ اﻻرﺟﺎع "‪"Modulator Pump Motor‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ واﻷﻣﺎن "‪ : "Monitor and Safety‬وﻓﯿﮫ ﯾﻘﻮم اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﺑﺈﺟﺮاء ﻓﺤﺺ ذاﺗﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻮظﺎﺋﻒ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻗﻔﻞ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت وﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺘﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺨﺰن ﺑﺪاﺧﻠﮫ ‪ ،‬وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ان ﺟﺰءا‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻻ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺮﺿﻲ ﻓﺈﻧﮫ ﯾﺘﻢ اﯾﻘﺎف اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ وﯾﻀﻰء ﻣﺼﺒﺎح ﯾﺤﺬر‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻖ ﻣﻦ ان ﻧﻈﺎم ‪ ABS‬ﻻ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ -٤‬ﻣﺼﺒﺎح اﻟﺒﯿﺎن "ﺗﺤﺬﯾﺮ" ﻟﻨﻈﺎم ‪ : ABS warning lamp/ ABS‬ﯾﺘﻢ اﺿﺎءة ﻟﻤﺒﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﺬﯾﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد ﻋﻄﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم ‪ ABS‬او ان اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﯾﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻰ ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ وﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ "ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺴﯿﺎرات " او ان ھﻨﺎك ﻋﻄﻞ ﺗﻢ اﺻﻼﺣﮫ وﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﻢ ﻣﺴﺢ اﻟﻌﻄﻞ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻛﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺤﺺ واﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ‪. Scanner‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻣﺠﺲ ﻗﯿﺎس ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ ‪:Wheel speed sensor /‬‬
‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻧﻮﻋﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺲ ﻗﯿﺎس ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ وﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻢ اﻟﯿﺔ ﻧﻘﻞ اﺷﺎرة ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻻﺧﺮ‪/‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮع اﻷول ‪ :‬ﻣﺠﺲ ﺧﺎﻣﻞ "‪: "Passive Sensor‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ارﺳﺎل اﺷﺎرﺗﮫ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة اﻟﻰ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ ﺑﺪون ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ او ﺗﻜﺒﯿﺮ او ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ وﻣﻦ اﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺴﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ اﻟﺤﺜﻲ " ‪ " Inductive Sensor‬وﺗﻘﺎس اﺷﺎرﺗﮫ ﺑـ ‪ Volt‬و ‪m volt‬‬
‫ﻓﻜﺮة اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ :‬ﻋﻨﺪ دوران اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻨﻨﺔ ﻓﺈن ﺟﻤﯿﻊ أﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺳﻮف ﺗﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻣﺎم ﻣﺠﺲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺠﻞ ‪ ،‬وﻣﻊ اﻗﺘﺮاب اﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻨﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ طﺮف اﻟﻤﺠﺲ او اﺑﺘﻌﺎدھﺎ ﻋﻨﮫ اﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺪوران ﯾﻐﯿﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺷﺪة اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﻲ ‪ ،‬وﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ ﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺷﺪة اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻨﻨﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﯾﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﺟﮭﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ وﯾﺘﻢ ارﺳﺎل اﻻﺷﺎرة اﻟﻰ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ‪ " ،‬اﻻﺷﺎرة اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻟﺪة ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻨﻨﺔ واﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ظﺎھﺮة اﻟﺤﺚ‬
‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﻲ "‬
‫ﻧﻮع اﻻﺷﺎرة ‪ :‬اﺷﺎرة ﻣﺘﺮددة ‪ ، AC‬ﺗﻤﺎﺛﻠﯿﺔ " ‪ ، " Analog‬ﯾﺰداد اﻟﺘﺮدد وﺗﺰداد اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﯿﺔ ﻣﻊ‬
‫زﯾﺎدة اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﺟﺪا ﻻ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﺘﺮدد واﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﯿﺔ "ﻋﺪم دﻗﺔ اﻻﺷﺎرة"‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ‪ :‬ﻣﺠﺲ ﻧﺸﻂ "‪: "Active sensor‬‬

‫ﯾﺘﻢ ارﺳﺎل اﺷﺎرﺗﮫ اﻟﻰ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻞ واﻟﺘﻜﺒﯿﺮ واﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ وﻣﻦ اﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺴﺎت اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻣﺠﺲ ھﻮل "‪ "Hall Sensor‬وﺗﻘﺎس اﺷﺎرﺗﮫ ﺑـ ‪ Volt‬و ‪m volt‬‬
‫ﻓﻜﺮة اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ :‬ﻧﻔﺲ ﻓﻜﺮة ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﻞ وﻟﻜﻦ ﯾﺘﻤﯿﺰ ﻋﻨﮫ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ اﻻﺷﺎرة ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻮع اﻻﺷﺎرة ‪ :‬اﺷﺎرة رﻗﻤﯿﺔ "‪ ، "Digital‬ﻻ ﯾﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺖ ‪ ،‬اﻟﺘﺮدد ﯾﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺑﺰﯾﺎدة او ﻧﻘﺺ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ‪ ،‬زﯾﺎدة اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﺆدي اﻟﻰ زﯾﺎدة اﻟﺘﺮدد‪.‬‬
‫اﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺗﻮاﺟﺪ ﻣﺠﺲ ﻗﯿﺎس ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ "‪: "Wheel Speed Sensor" "VSS-WSS‬‬

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‫ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﻲ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﺪي‬-٦

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: ‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬

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‫اﻟﻤﺠﺴﺎت واﻟﻘﻨﻮات اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒ اﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت "‪ "ABS‬اﺳﺘﻨﺎدا إﻟﻰ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻘﻨﻮات اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫وﻣﺠﺴﺎت اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ واﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎم "‪ "ABS‬ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﻘﻨﻮات اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﺴﺎت‬ ‫اﺻﺪار‬

‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
‫ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ رﺻﺪ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت اﻟﺨﻠﻔﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪ -2‬اﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫‪ - 2‬اﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻻول‬
‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ رﺻﺪ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت ﻟﻜﻦ اذا‬ ‫‪ 1 -2‬أﻣﺎﻣﻲ ‪ -1/‬ﺧﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫‪1 - 2‬اﻣﺎﻣﻲ ﯾﻤﯿﻦ ‪/‬ﺧﻠﻔﻲ ﯾﺴﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ واﺣﺪ‬
‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ رﺻﺪ ﻟﻠﻌﺠﻼت اﻟﺨﻠﻔﯿﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫‪ 1 - 2‬اﻣﺎﻣﻲ ‪ 1/‬ﺧﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫‪ 1 - 2‬اﻣﺎﻣﻲ ‪ 1 /‬ﺧﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﻏﯿﺮ دﻗﯿﻖ‬
‫اﻓﻀﻞ ﻗﻠﯿﻼ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫‪ 2 - 3‬أﻣﺎﻣﻲ ‪ 1 /‬ﺧﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫‪ - 2‬اﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

‫رﺻﺪ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ‬
‫رﺻﺪ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت ﺑﺸﻜﻞ دﻗﯿﻖ‬ ‫‪ 2 - 4‬اﻣﺎﻣﻲ ‪ 2 /‬ﺧﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫‪ 2 -3‬اﻣﺎﻣﻲ ‪ 1 /‬ﺧﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬
‫رﺻﺪ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت ﺑﺸﻜﻞ دﻗﯿﻖ‬ ‫‪ 2 - 4‬اﻣﺎﻣﻲ ‪ 2 /‬ﺧﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫‪ 2 - 4‬اﻣﺎﻣﻲ ‪ 2 /‬ﺧﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎدس‬

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‫‪ ‬اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ‪ /‬ذﻛﺮﻧﺎ اﻧﮫ ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﺲ اﻣﺎﻣﻲ ﯾﻤﯿﻦ وﺧﻠﻔﻲ ﯾﺴﺎر وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺠﺰء اﻷﯾﻤﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ارض ﻧﺎﻋﻢ ﻓﮭﺬا ﯾﺆدي اﻟﻰ ﻋﺪم رﺻﺪ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت اﻟﺨﻠﻔﯿﺔ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﯾﺆدي اﻟﻰ اﻧﺰﻻق‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺠﺰء اﻻﯾﺴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻻرض ﻧﺎﻋﻢ ﻓﮭﺬا ﯾﺆدي اﻟﻰ ﻋﺪم رﺻﺪ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت اﻷﻣﺎﻣﯿﺔ‬
‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺟﯿﮫ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ واﻟﺮاﺑﻊ واﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ واﻟﺴﺎدس ‪ /‬ﯾﺸﻤﻠﮭﻢ ﻋﯿﺐ واﺣﺪ وھﻮ زﯾﺎدة اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ "ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺘﮭﻢ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ"‬
‫اﻟﻘﻨﻮات اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﯿﺔ و اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم ‪: ABS‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﯿﺔ ‪ :‬ﻛﻞ ﻗﻨﺎة ھﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﯿﺔ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺻﻤﺎم اﻟﺪﺧﻮل "‪ -٢ "inlet valve‬وﺻﻤﺎم ﺧﺮوج "‪"outlet valve‬‬
‫وﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ اﺳﺎﺳﻲ "ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ دﻣﺞ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻨﺎة ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ "‪ -٤ "Accumulator‬ﻣﻀﺨﺔ اﻹرﺟﺎع "‪"Return pump‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬اﻟﻤﺮﻛﻢ او اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻢ "‪"Damping chamber – Regulating chamber‬‬

‫‪١٨‬‬
‫ﺻﻤﺎم اﻟﺪﺧﻮل "‪ "inlet valve‬ﻣﻔﺘﻮح ﺑﺸﻜﻞ داﺋﻢ "‪ / "Normally open‬اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ؟‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺪوث اي ﺧﻠﻞ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم ‪ ABS‬ﻓﺈن ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻔﺮاﻣﻞ ﻻ‬
‫ﯾﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ وﯾﺒﻘﻰ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ " ﻟﻠﺴﻼﻣﺔ واﻷﻣﺎن"‬
‫اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت ‪ ٢/٢‬و ‪ ٣/٣‬؟؟‬

‫ﺻﻤﺎم ‪ :٢/٢‬ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﯿﻦ ‪ -١‬ﻣﻔﺘﻮح ‪ -٢‬ﻣﻐﻠﻖ "ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻟﮫ ‪ 3‬ﻣﺨﺎرج و ھﻮ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻗﺪﯾﻢ"‬
‫ﺻﻤﺎم ‪ -١ :٣/٣‬ﻣﻔﺘﻮح ‪ -٢‬ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ‪ -٣‬ﻣﻐﻠﻖ "ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻟﮫ ‪ 2‬ﻣﺨﺮج و ھﻮ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺣﺪﯾﺚ"‬
‫أﻟﯿﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم ‪: ABS‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻀﻐﻂ "‪ - "Pressure Build Up‬ﺻﻤﺎم اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻣﻔﺘﻮح ‪ /‬ﺻﻤﺎم اﻟﺨﺮوج ﻣﻐﻠﻖ‪:‬‬
‫وﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺘﻢ ‪/‬‬
‫‪ .١‬وﺻﻞ "‪ "Master Cylinder‬ﻣﻊ "‪"Wheel‬‬

‫‪ .٢‬ﻓﺼﻞ "‪ "Wheel‬ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﺮاﺟﻊ "‪"Return Line‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ "‪ - "Constant Build Phase‬ﺻﻤﺎم اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻣﻐﻠﻖ‪ /‬ﺻﻤﺎم اﻟﺨﺮوج‬
‫ﻣﻐﻠﻖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻓﺼﻞ "‪ "Master Cylinder‬ﻋﻦ "‪"Wheel‬‬

‫‪ .٢‬ﻓﺼﻞ "‪ "Wheel‬ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﺮاﺟﻊ "‪"Return Line‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ "‪ - "Pressure Build Up‬ﺻﻤﺎم اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ‪ /‬ﺻﻤﺎم اﻟﺨﺮوج ﻣﻔﺘﻮح‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻓﺼﻞ "‪ "Master Cylinder‬ﻋﻦ "‪"Wheel‬‬

‫‪ .٢‬وﺻﻞ "‪ "Wheel‬ﻣﻊ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﺮاﺟﻊ "‪"Return Line‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ‪ :‬وھﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺗﺸﺒﮫ اﻟﻔﺮﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن اﯾﻀﺎ ﺑﺪون وﺟﻮد‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎم ‪ABS‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ :‬وھﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪم زﯾﺎدة اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﺮاﻣﻞ وھﺬا ﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻊ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻌﺠﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺪوران ﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻗﺼﯿﺮة ﺟﺪاً ﯾﺘﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت‬
‫وﻋﺪم اﻧﺰﻻﻗﮭﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٩‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﻌﺠﻼت ‪:ABS‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻔﻌﯿﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم ‪ ABS‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد ﻏﻠﻖ ﻟﻠﻌﺠﻼت وﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺠﺲ ﻗﯿﺎس‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ "‪ "Wheel Speed Sensor‬واﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺘﻢ ارﺳﺎﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﻰ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎم ‪. ABS‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ رﺟﻮع اﺷﺎرة ﻣﺠﺲ ﻗﻴﺎس ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ "‪ "Wheel Speed Sensor‬اﻟﻰ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ؟‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم ‪. ABS‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﯿﻮب ﻧﻈﺎم ‪ ABS‬أﻧﮫ ﻻ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﯿﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ " اﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ‪120km/h‬‬
‫– ‪ " 140km/h‬وذﻟﻚ ﻷن اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ واﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﯿﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺘﮭﺎ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻓﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺎت ﻓﻼ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻔﺮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﺪي ﯾﺒﻘﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺸﻄﺔ وﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺎت وﻟﻜﻦ ﯾﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﺮاﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ " اﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ‪ " 140km/h – 120km/h‬ﺧﻄﺮ‬
‫ﺟﺪاً ﻷﻧﮫ ﺳﯿﺆدي اﻟﻰ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ واﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺎرھﺎ وﻋﺪم اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﯿﮫ‬
‫وھﺬا ﻓﯿﮫ ﺧﻄﻮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ واﻟﺮﻛﺎب ﺑﺪاﺧﻠﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﺼﺎﻧﻌﺔ ادى اﻟﻰ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻗﺪرات اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﺎع اﻟﻰ اﺧﺮ ﻓﺒﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎم ‪ ABS‬ﺑﻜﻔﺎءة ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﻓﺈﻧﮫ ﯾﺘﻌﺮض اﻟﻰ اﻋﻄﺎل ﻗﺎﺗﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻧﻮاع‬
‫اﺧﺮى ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬

‫‪٢٠‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ اﻋﻄﺎل ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت ‪: "Anti-lock Brake System" ABS‬‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﺷﺤﻦ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ واﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﻮ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺳﻮﯾﺘﺶ "‪ "ON‬وﻟﻢ ﺗﻨﻄﻔﻰء اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﯿﺢ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻨﻈﺎم ‪ ABS‬و ‪ESP‬‬
‫و‪ Hand brake‬ﺣﺘﻰ وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ ‪ ،‬أول ﺧﻄﻮة ﻗﻢ ﺑﻔﺤﺼﮭﺎ ھﻲ ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﺴﯿﺎرة ‪ ،‬ﯾﺠﺐ اﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ‪ 11.5‬ﻓﻮﻟﺖ و اﻻ ﯾﺰﯾﺪ ﻋﻦ ‪ 14.5‬ﻓﻮﻟﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪا ذﻟﻚ ﺳﻮف ﯾﺴﺒﺐ اﺿﺎءة ﻣﺼﺎﺑﯿﺢ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ال‪3‬‬
‫او اﺣﺪاھﺎ وﯾﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ ﺣﯿﻨﮭﺎ ان اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﺑﮫ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ او ﺧﻠﻞ ﻓﻨﻲ وﻟﻜﻦ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ وﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﺿﻌﯿﻔﺔ وﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎدرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﺔ وﺗﺰوﯾﺪ ﻧﻈﺎم ‪ ABS‬ﺑﺎﻟﺠﮭﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ‪ ،‬ﻓﯿﺆدي اﻟﻰ اﺿﺎءة ﻣﺼﺎﺑﯿﺢ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿﻌﻒ وارﺗﺨﺎء ﺳﯿﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﻮ‬
‫وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻊ ‪:‬‬
‫اﻓﺤﺺ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ اﻻرﺿﻲ ﻟﻤﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﻮ ‪ ،‬او ﻋﻄﻞ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻢ وﯾﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪Hand Brake -4 Bad Warning Light -3 ABS System -2 ESP System -1‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ واﻟﺘﺸﻮﯾﺶ ﯾﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اداء ﻧﻈﺎم ‪: ABS‬‬

‫ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻨﻊ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت ‪ ABS‬ﺣﺴﺎس ﺟﺪاً ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻜﮭﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﻲ وﺗﺮدد اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت‬
‫ﻟﻠﺮادﯾﻮ ﺣﯿﺚ ان ﻛﻼھﻤﺎ ﯾﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اداء اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﺑﻞ وﯾﻌﻄﻞ وظﺎﺋﻔﮫ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺘﺸﻮﯾﺶ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺎر ﻏﯿﺮ ﺳﻠﯿﻢ ﻷﺳﻼك ﻧﻈﺎم ‪.ABS‬‬
‫‪ ‬ارﺿﻲ "ﺷﺼﻲ" "‪ "GROUND‬ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﻟﻠﺪاﺋﺮرة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻻﺷﻌﺎل ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺮﻛﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺒﻨﺰﯾﻦ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺷﺎرة ﻧﻈﺎم ‪.ABS‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﻄﻞ ﺑﺪاﯾﻮدات اﻟﺸﺤﻦ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﻮ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢١‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ ﺧﺎطﻰء ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻻﺟﮭﺰة اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﯿﺎرة ﯾﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﮭﺎ اﺷﺎرات ﺗﺸﻮﯾﺶ ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻐﯿﺮ ﺳﻠﯿﻢ ﻷﺳﻼك ﺣﺴﺎس ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ "‪ "VSS‬واﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﯾﺘﻘﺎطﻊ ﻣﺴﺎرھﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺎر‬
‫أﺳﻼك اﺧﺮى "ﺣﺘﻰ وان ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺗﯿﺎر ﺿﻌﯿﻒ" ﺳﺘﺆدي اﻟﻰ ﺣﺪوث ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻨﻊ‬
‫ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﻣﺠﺲ ﻗﯿﺎس ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ "‪: "VSS‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﺴﺮﯾﻊ ﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﻗﯿﺎس ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ "‪: "VSS‬‬
‫ارﻓﻊ اﻟﺴﯿﺎرة ﻋﻠﻰ راﻓﻌﺔ او اي وﺳﯿﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺮﯾﺮ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻜﮫ ﻣﻊ اﻻرض‪.‬‬ ‫‪.١‬‬
‫ادر ﻣﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ ﻟﻠﺴﯿﺎرة ﻋﻠﻰ وﺿﻊ "‪ "ON‬ﻓﻘﻂ ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ﻻ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫‪.٢‬‬
‫ادر اﺣﺪى اﻟﻌﺠﻼت ﺑﺎﻟﯿﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﺲ ﻗﯿﺎس ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ ﺑﺄﻗﺼﻰ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.٣‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﯾﺠﺐ ان ﯾﻀﻰء ﻣﺼﺒﺎح اﻟﺘﺤﺬﯾﺮ اﻻﺻﻔﺮ ﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻣﻨﻊ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت "‪"ABS‬‬ ‫‪.٤‬‬
‫‪،‬ذﻟﻚ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ان اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ ﻗﺪ اﻛﺘﺸﻔﺖ ان ھﻨﺎك ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻹﺣﺪى اﻟﻌﺠﻼت وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﯿﺲ ﺑﻜﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺠﻼت ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ان اﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎح ﺳﻠﯿﻢ‬
‫اﻏﻠﻖ ﻣﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﯿﺪ ﻟﯿﺒﺪأ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.٥‬‬
‫ﻛﺮر اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت اﻟﻤﺰودة ﺑﻤﺠﺲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻗﯿﺎس اﻟﻌﺠﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.٦‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ أن اﺣﺪى اﻟﻌﺠﻼت ﻋﻨﺪ ادارﺗﮭﺎ ﻟﻢ ﯾﻀﻰء ﻣﺼﺒﺎح اﻟﺘﺤﺬﯾﺮ ﻓﺈن ھﺬا دﻟﯿﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺴﺎس اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ‪،‬اﻓﺤﺺ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺤﺴﺎس ‪ ،‬اﻻﺳﻼك ‪ ،‬اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻨﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ أن ﻣﺼﺒﺎح اﻟﺘﺤﺬﯾﺮ اﺿﺎء وﻟﻢ ﯾﻨﻄﻔﻰء ﻋﻨﺪ ﻏﻠﻖ ﻣﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ ﻓﺈن ذﻟﻚ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ان‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺴﺎس اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻓﺤﺺ ﻧﻈﺎم ‪ ABS‬ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺟﮭﺎز ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ اﻷﻋﻄﺎل وﻗﺪ ﺳﺠﻞ ان رﻣﺰ اﻟﻌﻄﻞ دل ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫وﺟﻮد ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺲ ﻗﯿﺎس ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ ﯾﺠﺐ اﻟﺒﺪء ﺑﻔﺤﺺ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺤﺴﺎس ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺪء ﻓﻲ اﺟﺮاء اي اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﺧﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ "اﻟﺤﺴﺎس" ﻗﺪ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪم ارﺳﺎل اﺷﺎرﺗﮫ اﻟﻰ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم ھﻲ وﺟﻮد ﻋﻮاﻟﻖ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺷﺤﻢ او رﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﺴﺎس واﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻨﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻓﺤﺺ اﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻨﻨﺔ ﻹﺣﺘﻤﺎل وﺟﻮد ﺳﻨﺔ "طﺮف" ﻣﻜﺴﻮر ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﻨﺎن او وﺟﻮد ﺗﻠﻒ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻻﺳﻨﺎن‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٢‬‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﺨﻠﻮص ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺠﺲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ واﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻨﻨﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻓﻠﺮ "ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس او اﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻚ" ‪ ،‬ﺿﻊ اﻟﻔﻠﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻨﻨﺔ واﻟﻤﺠﺲ وادر اﻟﻌﺠﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻘﯿﺎس اﻟﺨﻠﻮص ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪة اﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻨﻨﺔ ﯾﺠﺐ ان ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺨﺼﻮص ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫)‪ ، 0.8 – 1.5 mm (0.03 – 0.06 inch‬او اﻟﺮﺟﻮع ﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺼﯿﺎﻧﺔ ﻻﺧﺬ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﺧﻠﻮص‬
‫ﻟﺴﯿﺎرة ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ ‪،‬او ﻗﻢ ﺑﻘﯿﺎس اﻟﺨﻠﻮص ﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت وﻗﺎرن ﺧﻠﻮص اﻟﻌﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﻗﯿﺎس‬
‫اﻟﺨﻠﻮص ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺧﻠﻮص اﻟﻌﺠﻼت‪.‬‬

٢٣
: ‫" ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺤﺜﻲ‬VSS" ‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﻠﻒ ﻣﺠﺲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ‬

‫‪٢٤‬‬
‫اﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﻔﯿﺸﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺠﺲ ﻗﯿﺎس ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ‬ ‫‪.١‬‬

‫وﺻﻠﺔ اﻻوم ﻣﯿﺘﺮ ﻣﻊ طﺮﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺿﺒﻄﮫ ﻟﻘﯿﺎس ‪ 1K‬ﻟـ ‪2K‬‬ ‫‪.٢‬‬
‫ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪود ‪1000-1300 " 1K -1.3K Ohm‬‬ ‫‪.٣‬‬
‫‪"Ohm‬‬
‫اذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﻣﺎﻻ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ أو ﺻﻔﺮ ﻓﺈن ذﻟﻚ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ان اﻟﺤﺴﺎس ﺗﺎﻟﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.٤‬‬
‫ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ "‪ "65mV/AC‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ دوران ‪.60 RPM‬‬ ‫‪.٥‬‬
‫ﻗﯿﺎس ﻋﺰل ﻣﻠﻒ ﻣﺠﺲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ "‪ "VSS‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺤﺜﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬اﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﻔﯿﺸﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺠﺲ ﻗﯿﺎس ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ‬
‫‪ .٢‬وﺻﻠﺔ اﻻوم ﻣﯿﺘﺮ ﻣﻊ أﺣﺪ أطﺮاف اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺿﺒﻄﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪" Buzzer‬اﻟﺰاﻣﻮر" ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻋﻼه‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬وﺻﻞ اﻟﻄﺮف اﻻﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻻوم ﻣﯿﺘﺮ ﻣﻊ ارﺿﻲ ﺟﯿﺪ ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ ﯾﺠﺐ ان ﯾﺼﺪر‬
‫ﺻﻮت ‪ Buzzer‬ﻓﺎذا ﻛﺎن ﻻ ﯾﺼﺪر ﺻﻮت ﻓﮭﺬا ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻻرﺿﻲ ﻓﻲ داﺧﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺲ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٥‬‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ واﻻﺷﺎرة ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ "‪ "VSS‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع ھﻮل "‪:"Hall‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 3‬اطﺮاف وھﻢ ‪ Signal ، 0V ، 5V‬وﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺠﺴﺎت ﯾﻜﻮن طﺮف‬
‫اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ "‪"12V‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺖ ﻻ ﯾﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ ﺗﻐﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ دوران اﻟﻌﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻨﻨﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﺮدد ﯾﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬
‫وﯾﻨﺨﻔﺾ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺐ اﻟﻤﻐﺬي ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺲ ‪ ،‬وﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻻﻟﯿﺔ اي اﻧﮫ‬
‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﻤﯿﺘﺮ ﻓﺤﺺ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻣﻦ طﺮف اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ ﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬
‫اﻻﺷﺎرة ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﯾﻔﻀﻞ ﻓﺤﺺ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺼﺒﺎح ﻟﯿﺪ ‪ LED‬ﻣﻮﺻﻞ ﺑﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ‪300‬‬
‫‪ Ohm‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻻﺷﺎرة اﻟﻤﺘﻘﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٦‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻨﻨﺔ ‪1.‬‬

‫أﺳﻼك اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ‪2.‬‬
‫اﻻﺷﺎرة اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ رﻗﻤﯿﺔ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺔ ‪3.‬‬
‫ﻣﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺲ داﺋﻢ ‪4.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎطﯿﺴﻲ ‪5.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﯾﺤﺔ اﯾﺴﻲ ھﻮل ‪6. Hall-IC‬‬

٢٧

٢٨
: Hall ‫ﻓﺤﺺ اﻻﺷﺎرة اﻟﻤﺘﻘﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ ﻧﻮع‬

‫‪٢٩‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﺲ ﻗﯿﺎس ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﮭﯿﺪرو ﻟﯿﻜﻲ "‪"Brake Pressure Sensor‬داﺧﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬
‫اﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﻌﺠﻼت "‪:"ABS‬‬
‫وظﯿﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ‪ :‬ﻗﯿﺎس اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﻲ داﺧﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﻌﺠﻼت ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﻻ ﯾﻜﻮن‬
‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ او ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻀﻐﻂ او اﻧﺨﻔﺎﺿﮫ ﯾﺆدي اﻟﻰ ﺗﻌﻄﯿﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬
‫اﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﻌﺠﻼت وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻣﺼﺒﺎح اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻠﻮه دﻟﯿﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ان اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻤﺠﺲ‪ :‬اﺣﯿﺎﻧﺎ ً ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺟﮭﺎزﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﻌﺠﻼت وﯾﻜﻮن ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺒﮫ اي ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻔﻨﻲ رؤﯾﺘﮫ‬
‫ﺑﺪون اي ﺗﻌﻘﯿﺪات وﯾﺸﺎھﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎرج اذا ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم واﺣﯿﺎﻧﺎ اﺧﺮى‬
‫داﺧﻞ ﺟﮭﺎز "‪ ، "ABS‬ﻓﺎذا ﻟﻢ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ وﺣﺪة "‪ "ABS‬ﻓﺈﻧﮫ ﻻ ﺑﺪ وان‬
‫ﯾﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ داﺧﻞ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﻲ – اﻟﺼﻮرة ﺗﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎرج وﻓﻲ داﺧﻞ وﺣﺪة‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﻲ‪.‬‬
‫اطﺮاف اﻟﻤﺠﺲ‪ :‬ﯾﺤﺘﻮي اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 3‬أطﺮاف وھﻢ ‪ ، Signal، 0V ، 5V‬اذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﯿﺸﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﺑﮭﺎ اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ طﺮف ﻓﮭﺬا ﻻ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ان اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﯾﺤﺘﻮي اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ طﺮف وﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﻜﻮن‬
‫اﻟﻔﯿﺸﺔ ﻣﺮﻓﻖ ﻣﻌﮭﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻼت اﺧﺮى ﻣﺼﻞ اﻟﺼﻮرة ادﻧﺎه‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻄﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ‪ :‬ﻋﻄﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ او ﻓﻚ اﻟﻔﯿﺸﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﮫ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﯾﻘﺎف ﻧﻈﺎم"‪ ABS‬و‪"ESP‬‬
‫واﺿﺎءة ﻣﺼﺎﺑﯿﺢ اﻟﺘﺤﺬﯾﺮ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ "‪ ABS‬و‪ ESP‬و ‪ "Hand Brake‬ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮه اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬

٣٠
‫ " ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎرج ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬Brake Pressure Sensor "‫ﻣﺠﺲ ﻗﯿﺎس اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﻲ‬

" Hydraulic Pressure Modulator" ‫وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﻲ‬

٣١
‫ " داﺧﻞ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬Brake Pressure Sensor "‫ﻣﺠﺲ ﻗﯿﺎس اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﻲ‬
" Hydraulic Pressure Modulator" ‫اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﻲ‬

‫‪٣٢‬‬
‫اﻋﺎدة ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺠﺲ ﻗﯿﺎس اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﻲ" ‪: " Brake Pressure Sensor‬‬
‫‪Prerequisites:‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪System voltage at least 12.0 V. ----‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ‪ ١٢‬ﻓﻮﻟﺖ‬
‫]‪[Select‬‬
‫‪[03 - Brake Electronics] ----‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬھﺎب ﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاﻣﻞ‬
‫‪[Measuring Blocks - 08] ----‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬھﺎب ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪٨‬‬
‫‪Group 005 ----‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ دﺧﻮل ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ ٨‬ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت دﺧﻮل ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪٥‬‬
‫]!‪[Go‬‬
‫‪Check field 1, the value has to be between -8.0 and +8.0 bar. ----‬‬ ‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺿﻐﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﮭﯿﺮوﻟﯿﻜﻲ‬
‫‪[Done, Go Back] ----‬‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻐﻂ رﺟﻮع ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻒ‬

‫‪[Security Access - 16] ----‬‬ ‫ﻧﺬھﺐ ﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ ١٦‬وﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬
‫‪Enter 40168, to enable the basic setting. ----‬‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﺮﻗﻢ ‪ ٤٠١٦٨‬ﻟﺘﻔﻌﯿﻞ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬
‫‪[Do it!] ----‬‬ ‫‪ DO IT‬ﻧﻀﻐﻂ‬
‫‪[Basic Settings - 04] ----‬‬ ‫ﻧﺬھﺐ ﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪٠٤‬‬
‫‪Group 066 ----‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ دﺧﻮل ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ ٠٤‬ﻧﻜﺘﺐ رﻗﻢ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪ ٠٦٦‬وھﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻔﻌﯿﻞ وﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺠﺲ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﻲ‬
‫]!‪[Go‬‬
‫‪Activate the Basic Setting.----‬‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻔﻌﯿﻞ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﻌﯿﻞ واﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬
‫‪[ON/OFF/Next] ----‬‬ ‫‪ON/OFF‬ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪After a successful basic setting, field 2 should say "OK". ----‬‬ ‫ﻧﻨﺘﻈﺮ ظﮭﻮر ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫‪OK‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﺗﻤﺎم ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺲ ﻧﺮﯾﺪ اﻟﺘﺎﻛﺪ ﺑﺎن ﻛﻞ اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺗﻤﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺮام‬

‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪[Measuring Blocks - 08] ----‬‬ ‫ﻧﺬھﺐ ﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪٠٨‬‬

‫‪Group 005 ----‬‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ رﻗﻢ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ‪٠٠٥‬‬
‫]!‪[Go‬‬
‫‪Check field 1, the value has to be between -3.8 and +3.8 bar. ----‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺤﺺ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ ٣.٨-‬و ‪ ٣.٨‬اذن اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﺗﻤﺖ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺳﻠﯿﻢ‬

‫‪[Close Controller] ----‬‬ ‫‪ VCDS‬اﻏﻠﻖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ داﺋﺮة ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﻌﺠﻼت "‪ "ABS‬ﻣﻊ اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﮭﺎ‪.‬‬

(1) ABS control module and hydraulic control unit
(2) ABS control module section ٣٤
(3) Valve relay
(4) Motor relay
(5) Motor
(6) Front left inlet solenoid valve
(7) Front left outlet solenoid valve
(8) Front right inlet solenoid valve
(9) Front right outlet solenoid valve
(10) Rear left inlet solenoid valve
(11) Rear left outlet solenoid valve
(12) Rear right inlet solenoid valve
(13) Rear right outlet solenoid valve
(14) Automatic transmission control Module
(15) Diagnosis connector
: ‫" ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ظﮭﻮر ﻣﺼﺎﺑﯿﺢ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻠﻮه‬ESP" ‫" و‬ABS" ‫ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ أﻋﻄﺎل ﻧﻈﺎم‬

٣٥
:‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﻷھﻢ اﻷﺟﺰاء ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﻧﻐﻼق اﻟﻌﺠﻼت‬
Electrical / electronic components: 1 - hydraulic unit ABS; 2 - control block

ABS; 3 - pressure sensor of the braking system, 4 - pressure sensor gain in the
brake system, 5 - vacuum pump the brakes, 6 - control lamp ESP and ASR; 7 -
control Lamp ABS; 8 - control lamp brake system; 9 - key systems, ASR and
ESP; 10 - sensor unit ESP; 11 - sensor steering angle, 12 - diagnostic connector,
13 - stop light switch and the brake pedal sensor, 14 -- Right front speed sensor /
front left speed sensor, 15 - wheel bearing / hub wheel assembly, 16 - rear right
speed sensor / rear left speed sensor, 17 - wheel bearing / hub wheel assembly

٣٦
"ESP" ‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺜﺒﺎت اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ‬

Electronic Stability Program
. ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺪاﯾﺔ ﺳﻨﻌﺮف ﻣﺴﻤﻰ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺜﺒﺎت اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﺴﯿﺎرات‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺮﻣﺰ واﻟﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت ﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺼﯿﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
Service " ‫" او ﻛﺘﯿﺒﺎت اﻟﺼﯿﺎﻧﺔ‬Scanner" ‫اﺳﺮع واﯾﻀﺎ ﺳﺘﺠﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬
. ‫" ﻛﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮﺗﮫ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﯿﺎرة‬manual
Audi/VW/Skoda/Seat: Electronic Stabilization Program (ESP).
Audi/VW/Skoda/Seat: Electronic Stability Control (ESC)
BMW/MINI Cooper: Dynamic Stability Control (DSC).

Chrysler/Dodge: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
Ford: Advance Track.
GM: Stabile Track.
Honda/Acura: Vehicle Stability Assist (VSA).
Hyundai/Kia: Electronic Stability Program (ESP).
Nissan/Infiniti: Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC).
Jaguar: Dynamic Stability Control (DSC).
Jeep: Electronic Stability Program (ESP).
Land Rover: Dynamic Stability Control (DSC).
Toyota/Lexus: Vehicle Stability Control (VSC).
Mazda: Dynamic Stability Control (DSC).
Mercedes: Electronic Stability Program (ESP).
Mitsubishi: Active Skid and Traction Control.
Porsche: Porsche Stability Management (PSM).
Subaru: Vehicle Dynamics Control Systems (VDCS).
Volvo: Dynamic Stability and Traction Control (DSTC).

‫‪٣٧‬‬
‫وظﯿﻔﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ‪ :‬ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮق وﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻌﻄﻔﺎت ‪ /‬ﺧﺮوج ﺳﯿﺎرة‬
‫ﻓﺠﺄة ﻣﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯿﺔ ‪ /‬ﺧﺮوج ﻋﺎﺋﻖ ﻓﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻌﻄﻒ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺮة اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫س‪ /‬ﻛﯿﻒ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﻘﻮم اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﺑﺘﺜﺒﯿﺖ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮق؟‬
‫رﺻﺪ اﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﻌﺠﻼت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻖ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-١‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺠﺲ ﻗﯿﺎس ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت "‪ "VSS‬وﺧﺎﺻﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ اﻟﺒﻄﻰء واﻟﻌﺠﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺮﯾﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺠﺲ ﻗﯿﺎس زاوﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻮد – زاوﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﯿﮫ "‪"Steering Angle Sensor‬‬
‫ﯾﻌﺮف اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﺗﺠﺎه دوران اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺠﺲ ﻗﯿﺎس اﺗﺠﺎه وﺗﺴﺎرع ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ " ‪Yaw Rate Sensor and‬‬
‫‪ " lateral acceleration sensor‬وھﻲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺜﻘﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ اﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎن اﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ان اﺣﺪ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت ﯾﺪور ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت اﻻﺧﺮى ﯾﻘﻮم ﻧﻈﺎم "‪ "ESP‬ﺑﺘﻘﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺘﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻲ "‪ "ABS‬و ﻧﻈﺎم ﻧﺎﺛﻞ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ "اﻟﻘﯿﺮ" وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ "‪ "Clutch‬ﺣﯿﺚ‬
‫ﯾﻘﻮم "‪ "Clutch‬ﺑﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻨﮫ ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺎ ً ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﯾﻘﺎف اﺳﺮع ﻋﺠﻞ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺜﻘﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ "وھﻲ ﻋﺪم إﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺜﻘﻞ ‪ -‬اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ – اﻟﻰ ﻣﻜﺎن اﺧﺮ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﻘﻮم اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﯾﻀﺎ ﺑﺘﻘﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك أﺛﻨﺎء رﺻﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻹﻧﺰﻻق وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺈرﺳﺎل اﺷﺎرة اﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫"‪ "ECU‬وھﻲ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‪.‬‬

‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫أﺟﺰاء ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺜﺒﺎت اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﺴﺎت ﻗﯿﺎس ﺳﺮﻋﺔ دوران اﻟﻌﺠﻞ "‪"Wheel Speed Sensor‬‬ ‫‪-١‬‬

‫ﻣﺠﺲ ﻗﯿﺎس زاوﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﯿﮫ – اﻟﻤﻘﻮد‪"Steering Angle Sensor" -‬‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﯿﺔ "‪"Mechanical Brake Assist‬‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﻲ "‪"Hydraulic Control Unit‬‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﻌﺠﻼت "‪" Anti-Lock Brake System‬‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬
‫وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك "‪"Electronic Control Unit‬‬ ‫‪-٦‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﺲ اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ "‪"Lateral Acceleration Sensor‬‬ ‫‪-٧‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﺲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ "‪"Yawrate Sensor -Cluster‬‬ ‫‪-٨‬‬
‫ﯾﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺜﺒﺎت اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ "‪ "ESP‬ارﺗﺒﺎطﺎ وﺛﯿﻘﺎ ً ﻣﻊ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﻌﺠﻼت "‪ "ABS‬وﻻ‬
‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ان ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺜﺒﺎت اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ ﺑﻤﻔﺮده او ﺑﺪون ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻊ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﻌﺠﻼت‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﺲ ﻗﯿﺎس زاوﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﯿﮫ – اﻟﻤﻘﻮد‪"Steering Angle Sensor" -‬‬

‫اﻟﯿﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ‪:‬‬
‫اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﻘﻮد ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻌﺘﺪل ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﯿﺔ "اﻟﺠﮭﺪ" اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ واﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ دوران اﻟﻤﻘﻮد ﯾﻤﯿﻨﺎ او ﯾﺴﺎرا ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺰداد وﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﯿﺔ ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺪل‬
‫اﻟﺪوران وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ دﺧﻮل اﻟﻤﻨﻌﻄﻔﺎت او ظﮭﻮر ﻋﺎﺋﻖ ﻓﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﺎن اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﺴﺮﯾﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺷﺎرة ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬
‫دوران اﻟﻤﻘﻮد ﯾﻔﻌﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺜﺒﺎت اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ "‪ "ESP‬وﻣﻨﻊ اﻧﺤﺮاﻓﮭﺎ او اﻧﻘﻼﺑﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﻟﮫ ﻋﺪة اﻧﻮاع ﻣﻨﮭﻢ اﻟﺤﺜﻲ ‪ Analog‬واﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ ‪ Digital‬واﺧﺮ ﯾﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺿﻤﻦ‬

‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ‪: CAN Bus‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺲ اﻟﺤﺜﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻮع اﻻﺷﺎرة ‪ :‬اﺷﺎرة ﻣﺘﺮددة ‪ ، AC‬ﺗﻤﺎﺛﻠﯿﺔ " ‪ ، " Analog‬وﻟﮫ طﺮﻓﯿﻦ ‪ ، 0V، 5V‬اﻻﺷﺎرة‬
‫ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﻣﻦ ‪ 0‬اﻟﻰ ‪ 5‬ﻋﻨﺪ دوران ﻋﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻮد ‪ 360º‬درﺟﺔ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﻘﻮد ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻌﺘﺪل ﻧﻘﯿﺲ ﺟﮭﺪ ‪ 2.8V‬وﻋﻨﺪ دوران اﻟﻤﻘﻮد‬
‫ﺧﻼل اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺑﺴﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﻤﯿﺘﺮ ﻧﻘﺮا زﯾﺎدة اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪرﯾﺞ اﻟﻰ ان ﯾﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ ‪. 4.5V – 5V‬‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ اﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺲ ﻟﻠﻨﻮع اﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ اﻟﺤﺜﻲ ﻟﻘﯿﺎس زاوﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻮد ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت وﺧﻼل‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﺑﺴﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﻤﯿﺘﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ادارة اﻟﻤﻘﻮد ﻟﻠﯿﻤﯿﻦ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻘﺮاءة ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺔ وﻋﻨﺪ ادارﺗﮭﺎ ﻟﻠﯿﺴﺎر‬
‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﻘﺮاءة ﺳﺎﻟﺒﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :‬ﻋﻨﺪ ادارة اﻟﻤﻘﻮد ﻟﻠﯿﻤﯿﻦ ﺗﻘﺮأ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﻤﯿﺘﺮ ‪ 4.5V‬وﻋﻨﺪ ادارة اﻟﻤﻘﻮد ﻟﻠﯿﺴﺎر ﺗﻘﺮأ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﻤﯿﺘﺮ ‪-4.5V‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺲ اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﻮع اﻻﺷﺎرة ‪ :‬اﺷﺎرة رﻗﻤﯿﺔ "‪ "Digital‬ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺔ ‪ ،‬ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 3‬اطﺮاف وھﻢ ‪ 5V‬و ‪0V‬‬
‫و ‪. Signal‬‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ‪ :‬اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﯾﺘﻢ ﻓﺤﺼﮫ أوﻻ ﺑﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﺴﻮﯾﺘﺶ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺑﺴﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﻤﯿﺘﺮ ﻗﯿﺎس اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺒﺔ واﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ ‪ ،‬اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ‪ 5v‬وﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ‪. 12V‬‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ اﻻﺷﺎرة ‪ :‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺼﺒﺎح ‪ LED‬ﻣﻊ ادارة اﻟﻤﻘﻮد ﯾﻤﯿﻨﺎ ً وﯾﺴﺎراً ﺳﻮف ﯾﻀﻰء ﻣﺼﺒﺎح‬
‫‪ LED‬اﺷﺎرة ﻣﺘﻘﻄﻌﺔ وھﺬا دﻟﯿﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫اﻟﻤﺠﺲ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ‪ : Can Bus‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﻓﺤﺼﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬
‫"‪ "Scanner‬ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻔﺮاﻣﻞ وﻗﺮاءة اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺤﯿﺔ "‪ "Live Data‬ﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﻨﮭﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻜﻮن ﻗﺮاءة ﻣﺠﺲ زاوﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻮد وﻟﻦ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﯿﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻓﻮﻟﺘﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ ﺳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ‪0V-‬‬
‫‪ ، 5V‬ﻻﻧﮫ ھﻮ رﻗﻤﻲ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺴﻠﻜﯿﻦ وھﻢ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﯿﻦ وﺣﺪات اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬
‫"‪Can bus "Controller Area Network‬‬
‫اﻋﺎدة ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﺑﺄﺧﺮ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ او ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻚ وﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﯾﻠﺰم اﻋﺎدة ﺿﺒﻂ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺲ وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ زواﯾﺎه وﻋﺪم ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺘﮫ ﯾﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺜﺒﺎت اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ "‪ "ESP‬وﯾﻜﻮن ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼل ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﻔﺤﺺ واﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ "‪ "Scanner‬ﺑﺎﺗﺒﺎع ﺧﻄﻮات ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬
‫واﻟﯿﺔ اﻋﺎدة ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﯿﺎرات ﻓﻮﻟﻜﺲ ﻓﺎﺟﻦ ‪/‬اودي‪/‬ﺳﻜﻮدا‪/‬ﺳﯿﺎت‬

‫اﻟﺪﺧﻮل اﻟﻰ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ‪44 - steering assist.‬‬

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‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ Sec. Access – 16‬أو ‪" Coding – II‬ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺴﻴﺎرات"‬
‫وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻜﻮد "‪ "40168‬ﻟﺘﻔﻌﻴﻞ اﻋﺪادات ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪Basic setting-04.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ Basic setting-04.‬وادﺧﺎل رﻗﻢ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ "‪"60‬‬
‫واﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ "‪ "GO‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮرة " وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ اﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ "]‪" [ON/OFF/Next‬‬

‫‪٤٢‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ اﻟﺬﻫﺎب اﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ " ‪ " 007‬ﻓﺎذا ﻟﻢ ﺗﻔﺘﺢ ﻣﻌﻚ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ "‪ "007‬ﻓﺎذﻫﺐ ﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ "‪ "001‬ﻓﺎن ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺴﻴﺎرات‬
‫ﻣﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ "‪ "007‬وﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ "‪ "001‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮدﻳﻞ اﻟﺴﻴﺎرة وﻧﻮع ﺟﻬﺎز ‪ ABS‬اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﻔﺮاﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻴﺎرة ‪.‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮرة ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ اﻟﻤﻘﻮد ﻳﻤﻴﻨﺎ وﻳﺴﺎراً ﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻗﺮاءة‬
‫‪Steering Angle Sensor‬‬
‫اذا ﻇﻬﺮت ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "‪ "ok‬ﻓﻲ ﺧﺎﻧﺔ ‪ Basic Setting Condition‬ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ذﻟﻚ اﻧﻪ ﺗﻤﺖ ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﻣﺠﺲ‬
‫‪ Steering Angle Sensor‬وﺳﺘﻨﻄﻔﻰء ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ‪ ESP‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻠﻮه‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪ ادارة اﻟﻤﻘﻮد ﻳﻤﻴﻨﺎ وﻳﺴﺎرا ‪ ،‬ﺛﺒﺘﻪ ﻳﻤﻴﻨﺎ ﻟﻤﺪة ‪ 5‬ﺛﻮاﻧﻲ وﻳﺴﺎرا ﻟﻤﺪة ‪ 5‬ﺛﻮاﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻇﻬﻮر ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "‪ "OK‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺷﺮﺣﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻗﻢ ﺑﺎدارة اﻟﻤﻘﻮد ﺷﻤﺎﻻ ﻟﻤﺪة ‪ 2‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ "ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ‪،‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ادارﺗﻪ ﻟﻠﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻟﻤﺪة ﻟﻤﺪة ‪ 2‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ "ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬
‫اﻃﻔﺎء اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺘﺶ ‪ "Switch the ignition to "OFF".‬ﻟﻤﺪة ‪ 10‬ﺛﻮاﻧﻲ "او اي ﻣﺪة "‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺘﺶ واﻹﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻟﻤﺪة ‪ 5‬ﺛﻮاﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻢ اﻛﻤﺎل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﺑﻨﺠﺎح‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻛﺜﻴﺮا وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻀﻤﺎن ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ واﻋﺎدة ﺿﺒﻄﻪ واﻻ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻋﻮد رﻣﺰ ‪ ESP‬ﻟﻠﻈﻬﻮر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻠﻮه ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺪة زﻣﻨﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮﻫﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﻟﺴﻴﺎرات ‪ HYUNDAI‬و‪ KIA‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺧﻼل ﺟﻬﺎز ‪ G-scan‬واﻳﻀﺎ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﻟﺴﻴﺎرات ‪ TOYOTA‬ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻳﺪوﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻓﻴﺸﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ‪.OBD II‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮات ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﻧﻈﺎم ‪ ABS/ESP‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ وﺣﺪة ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة "اﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ"‬ ‫‪‬‬

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"Steering Angle ‫ﺧﻄﻮات ﻓﻚ وﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﺠﺲ ﻗﯿﺎس زاوﯾﺔ ﺗﻮﺟﯿﮫ اﻟﻤﻘﻮد‬
:Mercedes-Benz A class ‫ ﻟﺴﯿﺎرة ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع‬Sensor"

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‫ﻣﺠﺲ اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ "‪: "Lateral Acceleration Sensor‬‬

‫وظﯿﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﯾﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﺗﺠﺎه ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ ﻣﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف‬
‫واﺗﺠﺎھﮫ وﻣﻘﺪار اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف ﻟﯿﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻼﻓﯿﮫ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺣﺪوﺛﮫ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﺲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ "‪: "Yawrate Sensor -Cluster‬‬

‫وظﯿﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ‪:‬‬
‫اﺷﺎرة ﻣﺠﺲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ھﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﺗﺠﺎه اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺠﻼت اﻻرﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺠﻼت اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺘﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﻮزﯾﻊ ﻗﻮة اﻟﻔﺮﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺘﺤﻤﯿﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻋﺠﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺠﺲ اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ وﻣﺠﺲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﯾﻜﻮﻧﻮا ﻓﻲ وﺣﺪة واﺣﺪة "داﺋﺮة واﺣﺪة "‬
‫واذا ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﯿﻦ ﯾﻜﻮﻧﻮا ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺮح ﺳﻨﻔﮭﻢ ﻛﯿﻒ ﯾﻜﻮﻧﻮا ﻓﻲ اﻏﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬
‫ﻓﻲ داﺋﺮة واﺣﺪة وﻛﯿﻒ ﯾﻜﻮﻧﻮا ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﯿﻦ وﻟﻜﻨﮭﻢ ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻢ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ‪.‬‬

‫‪٤٨‬‬
‫"ﻣﺠﺎل اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﯿﺎرات ﺗﻮﯾﻮﺗﺎ"‬
‫" ﻣﺠﺲ اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ وﻣﺠﺲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ وﺣﺪة واﺣﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﯿﺴﺎر وﻣﺘﺼﻠﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻧﻈﺎم ‪" ESP‬‬

‫‪٤٩‬‬
‫" ﻣﺠﺲ اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ وﻣﺠﺲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﯿﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﯿﺴﺎر اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬
‫وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﯿﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﺠﺲ اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻢ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ "‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﻣﺠﺲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ "‪ "Yawrate Sensor -Cluster‬و ﻣﺠﺲ اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬
‫"‪: "Lateral Acceleration Sensor‬‬
‫اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﺠﺴﯿﻦ ﻣﺪﻣﺠﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻓﺈﻧﮫ ﯾﺨﺮج ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ‪ 4‬او ‪ 5‬او ‪ 6‬أﺳﻼك ﻟﻜﻦ اھﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ اﻧﮫ ﯾﺠﺐ ان ﯾﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﯿﮭﻢ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﺬﯾﺔ ‪12V‬‬ ‫‪-١‬‬

‫ﺷﺼﻲ "ارﺿﻲ " ‪0V – GND‬‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﺬﯾﺔ ﻣﻦ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺴﯿﻦ ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﻣﻦ ‪0.5-4.5V‬‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫اﺷﺎرة راﺟﻌﺔ ﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﯿﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﻗﯿﻤﺘﮭﺎ ‪2.5V‬‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫اﺷﺎرة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺴﯿﻦ اﺛﻨﺎء ﻋﻤﻠﮭﺎ ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﻣﻦ ‪0.7V-4.3V‬‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬
‫اذا ﻛﺎن ﯾﺨﺮج ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺴﯿﻦ ﺳﻠﻜﯿﻦ ﻣﺠﺪوﻻن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻓﮭﺬا ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ان اﻟﻤﺠﺲ‬
‫ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻨﻈﺎم ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﯿﻦ وﺣﺪات اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ وﯾﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﻓﺤﺺ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﺷﺒﻜﺎت ‪ CAN BUS‬وﯾﻜﻮﻧﻮا ﺳﻠﻜﯿﻦ "‪ "High -Low‬وﯾﺠﺐ ان ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻢ‬
‫"‪ "60 Ω‬أو ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﻔﺤﺺ واﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ وﻣﻌﺎﯾﻨﺔ اﺷﺎرﺗﮫ‪.‬‬

‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫"ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﻠﻜﯿﻦ ‪ CANBUS‬اﻟﻤﺠﺪوﻻن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ"‬
‫"ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﯾﻮﺿﺢ اﺗﺼﺎل ﺳﻠﻜﯿﻦ ‪ CANBUS‬ﻣﻊ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ‪ ESP‬ﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﺷﺎرة‬

‫ﻣﺠﺲ اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ وﻣﺠﺲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ "‬

‫‪٥١‬‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻮاﺻﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺲ وﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻرﺿﻲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺴﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻐﺬي ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺲ واﻻرﺿﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬
‫أﻛﻮاد أﻋﻄﺎل ﻣﺠﺲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ "‪ "Yawrate Sensor -Cluster‬و ﻣﺠﺲ اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع‬
‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ "‪ "Lateral Acceleration Sensor‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻈﮭﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﻔﺤﺺ "‪"Scanner‬‬

٥٢
‫" ﻓﻲ‬Lateral Acceleration Sensor" ‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ وﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺠﺲ اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬

: ‫ﺳﯿﺎرات ﻓﻮﻟﻜﺲ ﻓﺎﺟﻦ‬
Prerequisites:
 System voltage at least 12.0 V.
[Select]
[03 - Brake Electronics]
[Measuring Blocks - 08]
Group 004
[Go!]
Check field 2, the value has to be between -1.5 and +1.5 m/s².
[Done, Go Back]
[Security Access - 16]
Enter 40168, to enable the basic setting.
[Do it!]
[Basic Settings - 04]
Group 063
[Go!]
Activate the Basic Setting.
[ON/OFF/Next]
After a successful basic setting, field 2 should say "OK".
[Done, Go Back]
To make sure the basic setting was succesful, check the sensor again.
Group 004
[Go!]
[Done, Go Back]
[Close Controller, Go Back - 06]
‫" ﻓﻲ ﺳﯿﺎرات‬Yawrate Sensor -Cluster" ‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ وﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺠﺲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬

: ‫ﻓﻮﻟﻜﺲ ﻓﺎﺟﻦ‬
Prerequisites:
 System voltage at least 12.0 V.
[Select]
[03 - Brake Electronics]
Group 004
[Go!]
[Done, Go Back]
[Security Access - 16]
Enter 40168, to enable the basic setting.

٥٣
[Do it!]
[Basic Settings - 04]
Group 068
[Go!]
Activate the Basic Setting.
[ON/OFF/Next]
After a successful basic setting, field 2 should say "OK".
[Done, Go Back]
To make sure the basic setting was successful, check the sensor again.
Group 004
[Go!]
[Done, Go Back]
[Close Controller, Go Back - 06]
" kia ‫ و‬Hyundai ‫ ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﻣﺠﺲ اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ واﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﯿﺎرات‬
‫ ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﯿﻞ – ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺟﮭﺎز‬- ‫ﺷﺎھﺪ اﻟﻔﯿﺪﯾﻮ اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬
G scan
‫" و ﻣﺠﺲ اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬Yawrate Sensor -Cluster" ‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﻣﺠﺲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬
: "Lateral Acceleration Sensor"
: (Bosch 5.7) ‫ – اﺻﺪار‬Bosch ‫ اﻧﺘﺎج ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ABS ‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﺎم‬
12 V ‫ﺗﻐﺬﯾﺔ‬ -١
GND ‫ارﺿﻲ‬ -٢
‫ وذﻟﻚ‬2.5V ‫ " ﯾﻌﻄﻲ اﺷﺎرة ﻣﺮﺟﻌﯿﺔ اﻟﻰ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻗﺪرھﺎ‬Yawrate Sensor" ‫ﻣﺠﺲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬ -٣
.‫ﻟﯿﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ وﺣﺪة اﻟﻤﺠﺲ‬
0.7V-4.3V ‫" ﯾﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﻓﻮﻟﺘﯿﺔ ﻗﺪرھﺎ‬Signal" ‫ﻣﻦ طﺮف اﻻﺷﺎرة‬ -٤
‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬1.7 V ‫" ﯾﻨﺘﺞ اﺷﺎرة ﻓﻮﻟﺘﯿﺔ ﻗﺪرھﺎ‬Lateral Acceleration Sensor" ‫ﻣﺠﺲ اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬ -٥
0 G side forces ‫ﺗﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺴﺘﻮي واﻟﺠﺎذﺑﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺲ ﺗﺴﺎوي ﺻﻔﺮ‬

‫‪٥٤‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﺗﺨﺮج اﺷﺎرة ﺧﻄﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺲ اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ "‪ "Lateral Acceleration Sensor‬ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪ 0.5V-4.5V‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﻮة اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﯿﺔ اﻻرﺿﯿﺔ ‪-1.5 to +3.5 G‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮات ﻓﻚ وﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ ﻣﺠﺲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ "‪ "Yawrate Sensor -Cluster‬و ﻣﺠﺲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ "‪ "Lateral Acceleration Sensor‬ﻟﺴﯿﺎرة ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺗﻮﯾﻮﺗﺎ ‪:‬‬

٥٥

٥٦

٥٧

٥٨

٥٩

٦٠
‫اﻋﺎدة ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻻﺟﺰاء ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ‬

‫‪٦١‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺳﺘﻨﻄﻔﻰء اﻷﺿﻮاء "ﻟﻤﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﺬﯾﺮ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻠﻮه‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻓﻖ ﻣﻠﻒ ‪ PDF‬ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻓﻚ وﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺴﯿﻦ ﻟﺴﯿﺎرة ﻣﺮﺳﯿﺪس‪/‬اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ھﺬا‬
‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ‪Replacing Lateral & Yawrate sensor Movement Sensor-‬‬
‫‪Mercedes‬‬

‫‪٦٢‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺼﯿﺎﻧﺔ "‪"Hardware‬وﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ اﻻﯾﺒﺮوم ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم ‪" ABS/ESP/TCS‬وﺣﺪة‬

‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺮاﻣﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺼﯿﺎﻧﺔ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ "‪ " Hardware‬ﺳﻮف ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻰ ﺟﺰءﯾﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮح ‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻨﻈﺮي ﺳﯿﺘﻢ ﺷﺮﺣﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب واﻟﺠﺰء اﻻﺧﺮ ﻓﯿﺪﯾﻮ اﻟﺼﯿﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺮﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ظﮭﻮر اﻋﻄﺎل ﺧﻄﺄ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل "‪ "Fault In Communication‬او ﻋﻄﻞ ﻣﺠﺲ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ‬
‫وﺗﺒﯿﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ان اﻟﻤﺠﺲ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن داﺧﻞ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم وﺳﻨﺤﺎول ھﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺪر اﻻﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ اھﻢ اﻻﻋﻄﺎل اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻮاﺟﮭﮭﺎ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺪء ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ داﺧﻞ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ‪ ،‬اﻣﺴﺢ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ﺑﻔﺮﺷﺎة ﻧﻈﯿﻔﺔ وﺑﻤﺎدة‬
‫اﻟﺒﻨﺰﯾﻦ ﻹزاﻟﺔ اي اﻛﺴﺪة ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة‬
‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﻠﺤﺎم اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻮرة " ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ ﻓﯿﺸﺔ ‪ – ABS‬اطﺮاف اﻻﯾﺴﻲ ‪– IC‬‬
‫أطﺮاف اﻟﺜﺎﯾﺮﺳﺘﻮر واﻟﺘﺮاﻧﺰﺳﺘﻮر ‪ -‬وﺑﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ وﺗﺤﺮك اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﻓﺈﻧﮫ‬
‫ﯾﺤﺪث اﺗﺼﺎل ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻨﻘﺎط " ﻓﻚ ﻟﺤﺎم او ﺿﻌﻒ ﻟﺤﺎم" ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺟﮭﺎز‬
‫اﻟﮭﻮت اﯾﺮ ﻧﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ واطﺮاف اﻟﻔﯿﺸﺔ وﻧﻤﺮر ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ اﻟﮭﻮاء‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ ﻻﻋﺎدة اذاﺑﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﺪﯾﺮ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ واﻻطﺮاف ﻣﺮة اﺧﺮى‪.‬‬

‫‪٦٣‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﺣﺪث ھﻨﺎك ﺿﻌﻒ اﺗﺼﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪاﯾﻮد "ﻓﻚ ﻟﺤﺎم" وﺣﺪث اﺗﺼﺎل ﺿﻌﯿﻒ " ‪Bad‬‬
‫‪ "Connection‬ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻛﺎوي اﻟﻠﺤﺎم ﻧﻌﯿﺪ ﻟﺤﺎم اﻟﺪاﯾﻮد ﺑﻤﺎدة اﻟﻘﺼﺪﯾﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪٦٤‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ وﻋﻨﺪ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ اﻻرﺿﻲ"‪ " GND‬اﻟﻤﻐﺬي ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﺗﺒﯿﻦ ان‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﮫ ﺗﺘﻌﺪى اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺣﯿﺚ ان اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ زادت ﻋﻦ ‪ 10Ω‬وﻣﺎ ﯾﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﮫ ‪ 1 Ω‬أو اﻗﻞ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫اﺧﺬﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ أﺣﺪ اطﺮف وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ واﻟﺬي ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻻرﺿﻲ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ داﺋﻢ ووﺻﻠﻨﺎه ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ‬
‫ﺑﮭﺪف ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ ارﺿﻲ ﺟﯿﺪ ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺿﻌﻒ اﻻرﺿﻲ ادى ﻟﻈﮭﻮر أﺧﻄﺎء وھﻤﯿﺔ وﻏﯿﺮ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼل اﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺑﺠﮭﺎز ‪ Scanner‬واﺿﺎءة ﻟﻤﺒﺔ ﺗﺤﺬﯾﺮ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ‪.‬‬

٦٥

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‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﻘﯿﺎس ﻣﻠﺘﻤﯿﺘﺮ ﻗﻢ ﺑﻔﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺎت واﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺎت "ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﺎﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ وﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ وﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﻻطﺮاف ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﮭﻮت اﯾﺮ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺎت واﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺳﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﺘﯿﻤﯿﺘﺮ ‪:‬‬

‫‪٦٧‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ اﻻﯾﺒﺮوم واﻟﻔﻼش ﻓﻲ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﺰﻣﻨﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻋﺎدة ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ اﻻﯾﺒﺮوم واﻟﻔﻼش ﻓﻲ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺮاﻣﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ ﻣﺠﺲ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم وﺑﺮﻣﺠﺘﮫ وﻻ ﯾﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ظﮭﻮر أﺧﻄﺎء وھﻤﯿﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﺮرة ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻓﺤﺺ اﻷﺧﻄﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﻔﺤﺺ "‪"Scanner‬‬
‫واﺧﻄﺎء ﻣﺠﺴﺎت ﺗﺒﯿﻦ اﻧﮭﺎ وھﻤﯿﺔ وان اﻟﻤﺠﺴﺎت ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺼﻮرة ﺻﺤﯿﺤﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻓﺤﺼﮭﺎ ﺑﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻠﺘﯿﻤﯿﺘﺮ‪.‬‬
‫اﻻدوات اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ اﯾﺒﺮوم ﻣﺜﺎل "‪ "X-prog‬أو "‪"Beeprog +‬‬ ‫‪-١‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻗﺮاءة اﻻﯾﺒﺮوم ‪ -‬ﯾﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ – ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ Hex Workshop‬أو ‪Kiss Eprom‬‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬
‫‪Programmer‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﺳﻮب‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﻛﺎوي ھﻮت "‪ "Hot Air‬وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻔﻚ اﻻﯾﺒﺮوم ﻣﻦ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬
‫ﻗﺼﺪﯾﺮ "ان ﻟﺰم اﻻﻣﺮ" ﻹﻋﺎدة ﻟﺤﺎم اﻻﯾﺒﺮوم وارﺟﺎﻋﮭﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﮭﺎ او اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻘﺼﺪﯾﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﺟﺪ‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎن ﻓﻚ اﻻﯾﺒﺮوم ﻓﻲ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫ﻛﯿﻒ ﻧﺤﺪد اﻻﯾﺒﺮوم ﻓﻲ داﺧﻞ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫اﻹﯾﺒﺮوم ﯾﺤﻤﻞ رﻗﻢ ﻣﻤﯿﺰ وﻟﮫ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ‪ 8‬أطﺮاف ‪ ،‬اي اﻧﻨﺎ ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﯾﺒﺮوم ذات ‪ 8‬اطﺮاف ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ‪ IC‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻟﮭﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻋﺪد اﻻطﺮاف وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﻤﻤﯿﺰ اﻟﺬي‬
‫ﯾﺤﻤﻠﮫ اﻻﯾﺒﺮوم وﺳﻨﺮى ﻛﯿﻒ ﯾﻜﻮن ھﺬا اﻟﺮﻗﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ھﺬه اﻟﺼﻮره ﻟﻼﺑﺮوم اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ 93C66‬وﻻﺣﻆ اﻧﮫ ﻟﮭﺎ ‪ 8‬أطﺮاف‬

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‫ ﻣﻨﻔﺮدة‬93C66 ‫و ھﺬه اﻟﺼﻮره ﻟﻼﺑﺮوم ذات اﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬
93C66LEM8 / 93C66L-EM8 / 93C66-type
24C32 ‫ھﺬه اﻟﺼﻮره ﻟﻼﺑﺮوم اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ رﻗﻢ‬
24C32 32 KBIT
24C04 ‫اﯾﺒﺮوم رﻗﻢ‬
X24C04P / 24C04P / 24C04

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24C32A ‫اﯾﺒﺮوم رﻗﻢ‬

‫‪٧٠‬‬
‫و ھﺬه اﻟﺼﻮره ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻻﯾﺒﺮوﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ‪ 32‬طﺮف‬
‫اﻻﯾﺒﺮوم اﻷول ورﻗﻤﮫ‪ CY7C4221V-15AC :‬اﻻﯾﺒﺮوم اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ورﻗﻤﮫ ‪9266932‬‬

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‫ ھﺬه اﺳﻤﺎء و ارﻗﺎم اﯾﺒﺮوﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻮف ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﮭﺎ وﺗﺠﺪھﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻏﻠﺐ اﻧﻮاع‬
.‫وﺣﺪات اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﻣﮭﻤﺎ اﺧﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﻮدﯾﻞ او ﺳﻨﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﺎج‬
24c01, 24c02, 24c04, 24c08, 24c16, 24c32, 24c64, 24c65, 24c128,

24c256, 24c512, SDA2516, SDA2526, SDA2546, GRM-003
M35080, 25c010, 25c020, 25c040, 25c080, 25c160, 25c320, 25c640,

25c128, 25c256
93c46, 93c56, 93c57, 93c66, 93c76, 93c86, 93c46 x16, 93c56 x16,
93c57 x16, 93c66 x16, 93c76 x16, 93c86 x16, 7002, GRN-001
ER-1400, M5G1400, M58657, SDE2506, TC89101, TC89102,

X2400, X2430, X2444, 77007, 77005, CXK1011, CXK1012,
CXK1013, M6M80011, M6M80021, M6M80041
28C04, 28C16, 28C64, 28C256, 28C512, 28C010, 28C020, 28C040
29C256, 29C512, 29C010, 29C020, 29C040
Kiss Eprom Programmer ‫ﻗﺮاءة اﻻﯾﺒﺮوم ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬

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Win PIC Programmer ‫ﻗﺮاءة اﻻﯾﺒﺮوم ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
Hex Workshop ‫ﻗﺮاءة اﻻﯾﺒﺮوم ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬

‫‪٧٣‬‬
‫ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﻔﻼش ﻓﻲ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻔﺮاﻣﻞ "ﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﻧﻐﻼق اﻟﻌﺠﻼت وﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬
‫اﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﻌﺠﻼت "‬
‫اﻟﻔﻼش ھﻲ ‪ IC‬ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪة اطﺮاف ﺗﺼﻞ اﻟﻰ ‪ 50‬طﺮف وھﻲ ﺑﺪﯾﻞ اﻻﯾﺒﺮوم ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫وﺣﺪات اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ وﻣﻤﻜﻦ ان ﺗﺠﺪھﺎ ﻓﻲ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺮاﻣﻞ او وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮك او وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺎﻗﻞ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻻﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﻚ اي اﻧﮫ اﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ اﻏﻠﺐ وﺣﺪات‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ‪ ،‬واﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ ھﻨﺎ ﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻚ وﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻟﻔﻼش ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻜﺎوي او‬
‫اﻟﮭﻮت اﯾﺮ ﻟﻘﺮاءﺗﮭﺎ ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻻﯾﺒﺮوم ‪ ،‬ﻻﻧﻨﺎ اﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﻻ ﻧﻔﻜﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﮭﺎ ﻻن ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻔﻚ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻜﻮن ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ وﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ ﺳﺘﻜﻮن اﺻﻌﺐ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ھﻨﺎك اﺟﮭﺰة ﻣﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﺗﺒﺎع ﺟﺎھﺰ ﻟﻘﺮاءة‬
‫اﻟﻔﻼش ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ اﻻطﺮاف ﻛﻤﺎ ھﻮ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻟﻚ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب اﺳﺘﻌﺪادا ﻟﻘﺮاءة اﻟﻔﻼش ﻣﻦ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب وﺳﻨﺮى اﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﻔﻼش‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺳﺤﺐ او اﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻔﻼش ھﻮ ‪FG TECHNOLOGY‬‬
‫ﺻﻮرة ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮوﺳﯿﺴﻮر "اﻟﻔﻼش" ﻓﻲ اﺣﺪى وﺣﺪات اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ‪ ،‬وﻧﻼﺣﻆ رﻗﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻼش وھﻮ اھﻢ اول ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻧﺘﻌﻠﻤﮭﺎ ﻻﻧﮫ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺷﺮاء ﺟﮭﺎز ﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪FG TECHNOLOGY‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺄل ﻣﺎ ھﻲ ارﻗﺎم اﻟﻔﻼش اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺪﻋﻤﮭﺎ وھﻨﺎ ﻣﺜﺎل ﯾﻮﺿﺢ رﻗﻢ اﻟﻔﻼش ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺮﺳﯿﺴﻮر اﻻول‬
‫‪ TC1797‬رﻗﻢ اﻟﻔﻼش ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺮﺳﯿﺴﻮر اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ‪TC1766‬‬

‫‪٧٤‬‬
‫ﻓﯿﺸﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻠﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺟﮭﺎز ‪ FG Technology‬وﯾﺨﺮج ﻣﻨﮭﺎ اطﺮاف ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ھﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫اطﺮاف ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﺗﻐﺬﯾﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺔ ‪ 12V‬وﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺴﺘﻐﻞ ﺳﻠﻚ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﮭﻢ ووﺟﻮد اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ واﺣﺪ ھﻮ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻟﺸﺒﻜﮭﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺣﺪات اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ اﺧﺮى وﺑﺮ ﻣﺠﺔ اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ وﺣﺪة اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
‫اطﺮاف ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة "ﺳﺎﻟﺐ" ‪. GND‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫طﺮﻓﯿﻦ ﻟﺸﺒﻜﮭﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ وھﻢ ﺑﻤﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺴﻮﯾﺘﺶ ‪ Switch on‬واﯾﻘﺎظ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻘﻞ‬
‫طﺮﻓﯿﻦ ﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ‪ CANBUS‬واﻟﻄﺮﻓﯿﻦ ھﻤﺎ ‪ CAN-High‬و‪CAN- LOW‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫طﺮف ﺳﺤﺐ وﺗﻨﺰﯾﻞ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﯾﺤﺔ اﻟﻔﻼش‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ھﺬه ھﻲ اھﻢ اﻻطﺮاف اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻮﺻﯿﻠﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻨﺒﺪأ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫"ﺳﺤﺐ‪ -‬ﺗﻨﺰﯾﻞ "‬

‫‪٧٥‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ رﺑﻂ اﻟﺴﻠﻚ اﻟﺮﻣﺎدي اﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ BOOT‬وﺻﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ داﺋﻤﺎ واﺑﺪا ﺑﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ‪1KΩ‬‬
‫واﻟﻄﺮف اﻻﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ "‪ "GND‬واﻓﻌﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﮭﺎ وﺻﻞ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ BOOT‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ وﺻﻞ ﻟﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﻚ اﻟﺮﻣﺎدي ﯾﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫"اﻟﺴﻠﻚ اﻟﺮﻣﺎدي وطﺮف اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ‪ 1KΩ‬ﺳﯿﻠﺘﻘﻮن ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪ BOOT‬واﻟﻄﺮف اﻻﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ "اﻻرﺿﻲ" ‪ GND‬ﻛﻤﺎ ھﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮرة ادﻧﺎه‬

‫‪٧٦‬‬
‫وﺣﺪة ﺗﺤﻜﻢ اﺧﺮى ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﯿﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ‪ FG TECHNOLOGY‬ﻣﻊ‬
‫اطﺮاف وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ وﻣﻊ طﺮف اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ‪ BOOT‬داﺧﻞ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫ﻓﻲ وﺣﺪة ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ادﻧﺎه ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ‪ 1KΩ‬ﺑﻨﻘﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻣﻮﺻﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫‪ ،‬ھﻞ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ھﺬا ان اوﺻﻞ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ھﺬه اﻟﻨﻘﺎط ﻣﻊ ﺗﻠﻂ اﻻطﺮاف وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ ؟ ﻻ ‪ ،‬اﻧﻤﺎ ﯾﻮﺿﺢ‬
‫ﻟﻚ اﻧﻚ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ﻣﻦ ھﺬا اﻟﻄﺮف او ذاك او اﻻﺧﺮى "اﻣﺎﻣﻚ ‪ 3‬ﻧﻘﺎط ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ﺗﺨﺘﺎر‬
‫اﺣﺪاھﺎ ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ ﻟﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‪ BOOT‬اﻟﺴﻠﻚ اﻟﺮﻣﺎدي ﻟﻠﺒﺪء ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮب‪.‬‬

‫‪٧٧‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ وﺣﺪة ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ادﻧﺎه ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ اﯾﻀﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ‪ 1KΩ‬ﺑﻨﻘﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻣﻮﺻﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ ‪ ،‬وھﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻓﻜﺮة اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬

٧٨

‫‪٧٩‬‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻛﻮد ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻔﺮاﻣﻞ ‪: ABS /ESP Long Code Calculator /‬‬
‫ﺗﻠﺰﻣﻨﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ‪ Long Code‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻧﮫ اردﻧﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ ﺟﮭﺎز ‪ ABS‬ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ وان ھﺬا اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬
‫اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﺰود ﺑﺘﻘﻨﯿﺎت ﻏﯿﺮ ﻧﻈﺎم ‪ ABS‬ﻣﺰود اﯾﻀﺎ ﺑﻨﻈﺎم ‪ ESP‬و ﻧﻈﺎم ‪ TCS‬او ‪ ، BAS‬وان‬
‫ﺟﮭﺎز ‪ ABS‬اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻢ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﯿﺎرة ﻻ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﮫ ھﺬه اﻟﺘﻘﻨﯿﺎت واﻧﮫ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻤﯿﺰات‬
‫وﻻ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﮫ اﺿﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم ‪ "Traction Control System" TCS‬و‪ ESP‬او ‪BAS‬‬
‫"‪ ، "Brake Assistant System‬ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﻟﻦ ﯾﺼﻠﺢ وھﻨﺎ ﯾﺎﺗﻲ دور ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬
‫‪ Long Code‬ووظﯿﻔﺘﮭﺎ ﺗﺰوﯾﺪﻧﺎ ﺑﻜﻮد رﻗﻤﻲ ﯾﺘﻢ وﺿﻌﮫ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺎﻧﮫ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬
‫واﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ او ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ واﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ "‪ "Scanner‬ﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﯿﺰات او اﻟﻐﺎء ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻮظﺎﺋﻒ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻨﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ ووﺿﻊ ﻛﻮد ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬
‫ﯾﻠﻐﻲ اﻻﺿﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻦ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ اﺳﺘﻐﻼﻟﮭﺎ ﻻﻧﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺳﺎس ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻢ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺰود ﺑﮫ‪.‬‬
‫ھﻨﺎك ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ Long code‬وﺳﻨﺸﺮح اﺣﺪاھﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫‪٨٠‬‬
‫اﻻن ﺑﻌﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ‪ Long Code‬ﯾﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ دﻣﺞ وﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ Long Code‬داﺧﻞ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻧﻔﺴﮫ‬
‫وﺳﻨﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﺜﺎل ﺳﯿﺎرة ﻓﻮﻟﻜﺲ ﻓﺎﺟﻦ ‪/‬ﺳﻜﻮدا‪/‬ﺳﯿﺎت‪/‬اودي‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ھﻮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ VAG‬او ‪ / VCDS‬ﻻ ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻔﺎن ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻓﻲ اي ﺷﻲ او اي ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ ‪:‬‬

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‫‪٨٢‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ "‪ "Do It‬ﻛﻤﺎ ھﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻟﺘﻔﻌﯿﻞ اﻟﻜﻮد ‪ ،‬رﺑﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ "‪ "Do It‬ﺗﻈﮭﺮ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﻣﻔﺎدھﺎ ھﻞ اﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺎﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﻜﻮد اﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﻮاﻓﻖ "‪."Accept‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﺘﯿﺠﺔ ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ ﺟﮭﺎز ‪ ABS‬ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ وان ھﺬا اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﻣﺰود ﺑﺘﻘﻨﯿﺎت‬
‫اﺿﺎﻓﯿﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻧﻈﺎم ‪ ABS‬وﻧﻈﺎم ‪ ESP‬و ﻧﻈﺎم ‪ TCS‬او ‪ BAS‬ﻣﻊ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﺘﻜﻮﯾﻦ رﻗﻢ "‪ "Long Code‬ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻗﺪ ازﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻻﺿﺎﻓﯿﺔ واﺑﻘﯿﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎم ‪ ABS‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻢ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺿﯿﺢ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈذا ﻣﺜﻼ اردﻧﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻧﻈﺎم ‪ ABS‬وﻟﻢ ﻧﺠﺪ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻀﺮ اي ﻧﻈﺎم ﺑﺸﺮط ان ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ ‪ ،‬وﻧﻐﯿﺮ "‪ "Long Code‬ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﺤﺼﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻘﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

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All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-

‫‪All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-‬‬

‫أﻫﺪاف اﻟﻤﺎدة ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ إﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﻌﺠﻼت ‪Electronic Stability System - ESP /‬‬

‫اﻧﺠﺎز اﻟﻤﺴﺎق ‪:‬‬

‫‪All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-‬‬

‫‪All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-‬‬

‫اﻻﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆدي اﻟﻰ ﻏﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ‪:‬‬

‫ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ ﻧﻈﺎم ‪: ABS‬‬

‫‪All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-‬‬

‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻔﺮﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺪون ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﻻﻧﺰﻻق ‪: ABS‬‬

‫‪Brake Pedal‬‬ ‫‪.٠١‬‬

‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم ‪: ABS‬‬

‫‪All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-‬‬

All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-

‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﯿﺔ – ﻣﻀﺨﺔ اﻹرﺟﺎع ‪: Modulator Pump Motor /‬‬

‫‪All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-‬‬

‫‪All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-‬‬

All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-

All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-

‫‪All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-‬‬

‫اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ‪ :‬ﻣﺠﺲ ﻧﺸﻂ "‪: "Active sensor‬‬

‫‪All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-‬‬

‫ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﻲ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﺪي‬-٦

All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-

: ‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬

All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-

‫اﻟﻤﺠﺴﺎت واﻟﻘﻨﻮات اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﻘﻨﻮات اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﺴﺎت‬ ‫اﺻﺪار‬

‫اﻓﻀﻞ ﻗﻠﯿﻼ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫‪ 2 - 3‬أﻣﺎﻣﻲ ‪ 1 /‬ﺧﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫‪ - 2‬اﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

‫‪All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-‬‬

‫اﻟﻘﻨﻮات اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﯿﺔ و اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم ‪: ABS‬‬

‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﯿﺔ ‪ :‬ﻛﻞ ﻗﻨﺎة ھﯿﺪروﻟﯿﻜﯿﺔ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﺑﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺻﻤﺎم اﻟﺪﺧﻮل "‪ -٢ "inlet valve‬وﺻﻤﺎم ﺧﺮوج "‪"outlet valve‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ "‪ -٤ "Accumulator‬ﻣﻀﺨﺔ اﻹرﺟﺎع "‪"Return pump‬‬

‫‪ -٧‬اﻟﻤﺮﻛﻢ او اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻢ "‪"Damping chamber – Regulating chamber‬‬

‫‪All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت ‪ ٢/٢‬و ‪ ٣/٣‬؟؟‬

‫ﺻﻤﺎم ‪ -١ :٣/٣‬ﻣﻔﺘﻮح ‪ -٢‬ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ‪ -٣‬ﻣﻐﻠﻖ "ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻟﮫ ‪ 2‬ﻣﺨﺮج و ھﻮ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺣﺪﯾﺚ"‬

‫أﻟﯿﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم ‪: ABS‬‬

‫وﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺘﻢ ‪/‬‬

‫‪ .١‬وﺻﻞ "‪ "Master Cylinder‬ﻣﻊ "‪"Wheel‬‬

‫وﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺘﻢ ‪/‬‬

‫‪ .١‬ﻓﺼﻞ "‪ "Master Cylinder‬ﻋﻦ "‪"Wheel‬‬

‫وﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺘﻢ ‪/‬‬

‫‪ .١‬ﻓﺼﻞ "‪ "Master Cylinder‬ﻋﻦ "‪"Wheel‬‬

‫‪All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﻌﺠﻼت ‪:ABS‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم ‪. ABS‬‬

‫‪All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-‬‬

‫ﺿﻌﻒ وارﺗﺨﺎء ﺳﯿﺮ اﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎﻣﻮ‬

‫وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻊ ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ واﻟﺘﺸﻮﯾﺶ ﯾﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اداء ﻧﻈﺎم ‪: ABS‬‬

‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺘﺸﻮﯾﺶ ‪:‬‬

‫‪All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-‬‬

‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﻣﺠﺲ ﻗﯿﺎس ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ "‪: "VSS‬‬

‫‪All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-‬‬

‫ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﺨﻠﻮص ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺠﺲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ واﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻨﻨﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-‬‬

: ‫" ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺤﺜﻲ‬VSS" ‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﻠﻒ ﻣﺠﺲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ‬

All Copyright To Engineer Ahmad Rebhy Al Sheikh-

‫اﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﻔﯿﺸﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺠﺲ ﻗﯿﺎس ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﻞ‬ ‫‪.١‬‬