Applied research in computer aided design & optimization of electrical machines 11-03-2022

DESIGN & OPTIMIZATION OF INDUCTION MOTORS

Abstract:
A comprehensive example with full source code in FORTRAN-77 will help in a proper understanding of the
subject.

Keywords:
Optimization, Powell-Zangwill (PZ) algorithm, complete source code of PZ technique

In continuation of my earlier articles on “Design of DC Machines”, now I wish to focus on

induction motors. Following are included:

 Block diagram showing utilizing of files

 Abbreviations used in PZ program & in formulae used for design
 List of inputs used for the design of machines
 MathCAD – calculations of 11 kW squirrel cage induction motor [6 to 8]
 File 11kw_mod.for contains design example in line with MathCAD file. Subsequently,
It will be converted as subroutine PZ11KSUB.FOR
 Excel sheet format includes feasible & optimized values etc.
 PZ_11K.FOR is the main file & contains PZ technique code
 PZ11KSUB.FOR is a subroutine file that contains design formulae
 PZ_11K.IN contains input for main code and feasible values of design
 PZ_11K.OP is showing some portion of the output
I refer BLOCK diagram, where key files have been shown. One single composite file
“PZ_11KW.FOR (not included here)” can be compiled or “ two files “PZ_11K.FOR &
PZ11KSUB.FOR” can individually be compiled and then linked with one command both files
can be linked at a time to create PZ_11K.EXE.
Now, an excel sheet (table) can be seen whether any violation has taken place. Readers can
change several variables and/or constraints as they desire.
====================================================================
Note:
All the programs have been written in FORTRAN-77. We can RUN easily FORTRAN-77 in XP (32bit). Suppose
we have to run this program in WINDOW 10 (64 bits), we have to download the “g77” compiler which is compatible
with 64-bit software. We have to use the command as >>gfortran -o (output file name) (input file name) (input file
name), it creates one EXE file.

>> gofortran -o PZ_11K.FOR PZ_11K.FOR.FOR PZ11KSUB.FOR … creates PZ_11K.EXE

Now we can RUN the program from prompt. There is also some other software in the market, which is window-
based.

Design example:11 kW, 440V, 3-phase, 50 Hz, 6-pole, delta connected squirrel cage
induction motor [6 to 9].
===================================================================================
Applied research in computer aided design & optimization of electrical machines 11-03-2022

Users have to acquire a working knowledge of FORTRAN-77 & how to do optimization. To

avoid the search of source code & detailed examples, I have taken care of both aspects. I
hope a comprehensive example with full code will help all practicing engineers and
designers.
You may explore using an f2c converter for obtaining the code in C language.
Recently, MATLAB has included a global optimization toolbox. It contains genetic
algorithms (GA), pattern search method (PS), particle swarm optimization method (PSO),
simulated annealing (SA), etc. These methods are focusing to find global solutions.
I refer to the book (4), chapter-9 on “intelligent optimization methods”. It covers many
examples of these 4 methods mentioned. GAs is a class of nature-inspired computing
methods following the law of “survival of the fittest”. GAs are more likely to find global
optimum points than the traditional conventional methods.

Thanks for attention

Nanak T. Dadlani
nanak.dadlani@gmail.com
INDIA
Applied research in computer aided design & optimization of electrical machines 11-03-2022

REFERENCES:
1) Optimization techniques with FORTRAN, J. L. Kuester & J. H. Mize, McGraw Hill, 1973
(page 331)
2) The performance and design of DC machines, A.E. Clayton & N.N. Hancock, third
edition, 2015
3) Computer-Aided Design of Electrical Equipments, Dr. M. Ramamoorthy, 1987
4) Solving optimization problems with MATLAB, D. Xue, 2020
5) Applied optimization with MATLAB programming, P. Venkataraman, 2001
6) Performance and Design of AC machines, M.G.Say, 1970
7) Principles of Electrical Machine Design, H.M. Rai, 1992
8) Principles, operation, design of power transformers, S.B. Vasutinsky, 1962
9) A course in electrical machine design, A.K.Sawhney
10) Induction machines, P.L. Alger,1970
11) Design, operation & testing of synchronous machines, G.C. Jain, 1962
12) Electrical machines (I & II), M. Kostenco & L. Piotrovsky, MOSCOW
13) Eddy currents, J. Lammeraner & M. Stafl, 1966
Optimization of Induction Motors: PZ & Box method
Optimization: Key files for inputs, compiling & linking 15-05-2021

compiled

pz
PZ_5HP.FOR PZ_5HP.OBJ

compiled

p
PZ5HPSUB.FOR PZ5HPSUB.OBJ

Linked

PZ_5HP.OBJ + PZ5HPSUB.OBJ PZ_5HP.IN

PZ_5HP.EXE

RUN

PZ_5HP.OP
24-05-21

Symbols used in Powell-Zangwill method (Fortran): Kuester & Mize

A A, AAA

B B

C C, COUNTC

D DDMAG, DMAX, DACC, DMAG, DDMAX, DL, D, DA, DD, DB, DC, DI

E ESCALE, E(N), EF

F F, FUNC, FKEEP, FP, FPREV, FA, FB, FC, FI, FHOLD

G G(NC)

I IPRINT, ISEQ, IND, INN, I, ITERC, ITERC1, ISGRAD, ITONE, IXP, IDIRN, ILINE, IS

J J, JJ, JJJ, JIL

K KOUNT1, K

M MAXSEQ, MAXIT

N NC, NI, NO, N, NW, NFCC

R R

S SCER, SUM

W W(I), W(K), W(IXP), W(IDIRN), W(ILINE)

X X(N)

Y YY

Z
DIMENSIONS: X(N), W(N*(N+3)), E(N), G(NC)
SUBROUTINES: BOTM, CALCFX

d:\ntd\data\im\pz_symbols.xls
Calculation of induction motors : Abbreviations

S.NO. Abbr. Symbol Description Unit

1. KWS AKW Winding factor -
2. 0 AMEW Permeability of free space H/m
3. ac AC Ampere-conductors / metre Amp-cond. /m
4. AX AX Ratio of (DSS / WSS) -
5. ASS ASS Area of stator slot mm2
6. ATG ATG mmf of air gap AT
7. AST AST Area of stator tooth at 1/3rd height from m2
narrow end
8. ATST ATST Total mmf for stator teeth AT
9. ATSC ATSC Total mmf for stator core AT
10. ART ART Area of rotor tooth at 1/3rd height from m2
narrow end
11. ATRT ATRT Total mmf for rotor teeth AT
12. ATRC ATRC Total mmf for rotor core AT
13. LG AGL Air gap length mm
14. PCUB BCLOS Rotor bar copper losses Watt
15. BTSS BTSS Stator tooth flux density considering Tesla
saturation effect
16. BAV BAV Average air gap flux density Tesla
17. BCS BCS Flux density in stator core Tesla
18. ABAR BARA Area of rotor bar mm2
19. BTR BTR Maximum flux density in rotor teeth Tesla
20. LBAR BLTH Length of rotor bar M
21. BTRS BTRS Flux density in rotor teeth considering Tesla
saturation
22. BTSM BTSM Maximum flux density in stator teeth at Tesla
1/3rd height from narrow end
23. BIMP, ZB BIMP Impedance of rotor bar at starting Ohm
24. BTS BTS Maximum flux density in stator teeth Tesla
25. RBS BRS Bar resistance at starting Ohm
26. CO CO Output coefficient -
27. IS CI1 Current per phase in stator conductors Amp

D:\ntd\im\ProcIM TBL.DOC
S.NO. Abbr. Symbol Description Unit
28. ACON CONA Area of stator conductors mm2
29. IB CIB Rotor bar current Amp
30. IE CIE End ring current Amp
31. KGSS CRTCS Carter’s coefficient for stator slots -
32. KGSR CRTCR Carter’s coefficient for rotor slots -
33. KGCD CRTCD Carter’s coefficient for ventilating ducts -
34. IM CIM Magnetising component of no-load Amp
current per phase
35. IL or I CIL Loss component of no-load current per Amp
phase
36. I0 CINL No-load current per phase Amp
37. C1 C1 Constant, effect of magnetising branch -
on torque of motor
38. IFL CFL Full load current Amp
39. IST CIST Starting current Amp
40. CI CI Unit cost of iron Rs/kg
41. CC CC Unit cost of stator copper Rs/kg
42. CR CR Unit cost of rotor copper Rs/kg
43. D DIA Bore diameter m
44. S DELTA Current density in stator conductors Amp/mm2
45. DSS DSS Depth of stator slot mm
46. DCS DCS Depth of stator core m
47. B DELB Current density in rotor bars & end rings Amp/mm2
48. DRB DRB Depth of rotor bars mm
49. DRC DRC Depth of rotor core m
50. DRS DRS Depth of rotor slot mm
51. DE DE Depth of end ring mm
52. DEO DEO Outer diameter of end ring m
53. DEI DEI Inner diameter of end ring m
54. DMEAN DEM Mean diameter of end ring m
55.  EFF Rated efficiency %
56. AER ERAR Area of end ring mm2
57. L G’ EAGL Effective air gap length mm

D:\ntd\im\ProcIM TBL.DOC
S.NO. Abbr. Symbol Description Unit
58. PCUE ECLOS Copper losses in end rings Watt
59. VPH ES Rated phase voltage Volt
60.  FLUX Flux per pole Weber
61. PW & L FWL Friction & windage losses Watt
62. KGS FGCS Gap contraction factor for stator slots -
63. KGR FGCR Gap contraction factor for rotor slots -
64. KGD FGCD Gap contraction factor for ventilating -
ducts
65. KG FGCT Total gap contraction factor -
66. PIST LIST Total iron loss in stator teeth Watt
67. PIC LIC Total iron loss in stator core Watt
68. ND ND Number of ventilating ducts Nos.
69. W0 NLL Total no-load losses Watt
70. DO OD Outer diameter of stator laminations m
71. 0 OP Permeance of overhang portion
72. XO OLR Overhang leakage reactance Ohm
73. LOH OHL Overhang length m
74. Poles POL Number of poles Nos.
75. Cos() PF1 Rated power factor(Specified) -
76. Cos(0) PFNL No-load power factor -
77. PR PR Ratio of (length / pole pitch) -
78. SS PSS Specific slot permeance for stator slots -
79. RS PRS Specific permeance for rotor slots -
80. RS1 PRS1 Specific slot permeance for rotor slots at
starting
81. cos() PFFL Full load power factor -
82. QS QS Stator slots/pole/phase Nos.
83. QR QR Rotor slots/pole/phase Nos.
84. RKVA RKVA KVA rating of machine KVA
85. RKW RKW KW rating of machine KW
86. DR RDIA Rotor outer diameter m
87. DRIN RSID Inner diameter of rotor laminations m
88. SI RGSI Reluctance of air gap with slotted

D:\ntd\im\ProcIM TBL.DOC
S.NO. Abbr. Symbol Description Unit
armature
89. S RGS Reluctance of air gap with smooth
armature
90. LRC RCPATH Length of flux path through rotor core m
91. RM RM Resistance due to core losses Ohm
92. RS , R1 RS Stator resistance per phase Ohm
93. RB RB Resistance of each rotor bar Ohm
94. RE RE Resistance of each end ring Ohm
95. PCU2 RCLOS Total rotor copper losses Watt
96. R2 RROT Total rotor resistance Ohm
97. R2’ RSR Stator referred rotor resistance per Ohm
phase
98. RS’ RPRS Rotor slot specific permeances referred
to stator side
99. XR RSLR Stator referred rotor slot leakage Ohm
reactance
100. XR’ RSLR1 Stator referred rotor slot reactance at Ohm
starting
101. A1RSO RSO Outside cylindrical surface of rotor m2
102. c4 RCO Cooling coefficient for outside rotor
surface
103. VA2 RSP Relative peripheral speed of rotor mps
surface
104. A2RSD RSD Surface of ventilating ducts m2
105. c5 RCD Cooling coefficient for ventilating ducts
106. R RTRISE Rotor temperature rise 0
C
107. L SLTH Stack length of machine m
108. NS SYN Synchronous speed mps
109. SS, S1 S1 Number of stator slots Nos.
110. SR, S2 S2 Number of rotor slots Nos.
111. B SPRB Specific resistively of rotor bars Ohm-mm2/m
112. LI SLTNI Net iron length m
113. KI STKF Stacking factor for lamination -
114. SLF SLF Slot factor -
115. acst SATST Mmf per metre for stator teeth Amp-cond/m

D:\ntd\im\ProcIM TBL.DOC
S.NO. Abbr. Symbol Description Unit
116. acsc SATSC Mmf per metre for stator & rotor core Amp-cond/m
117. LSC SCPATH Length of flux path through stator core m
118. acrt SATRT Mmf per metre for rotor teeth Amp-cond/m
119. SPLOSS1 SPLST Loss per kg in stator teeth Watt/kg
120. SPLOSS2 SPLC Loss per kg in core Watt/kg
121. LMT SCML Mean length of stator conductor m
122. LMTS SCLP Length f conductor per phase m
123. PCU1 SCLOS Stator copper losses Watt
124. S SLIP Slip at rated speed Pu
125. XS SSLR Stator leakage reactance Ohm
126. R2S SRROT Total rotor resistance at starting Ohm
127. R2S’ SRSR Stator referred rotor resistance at Ohm
starting per phase
128. Smax SCR Slip corresponding to maximum torque pu
129. ISpu STCR Per unit starting current pu
130. A1SSO SSO Outside cylindrical surface of stator m2
131. A2SSI SSI Inside cylindrical surface of stator m2
132. c1 SCO Cooling coefficient for outside stator
surface
133. VA1 SPS Relative peripheral speed of stator mps
surface
134. c2 SCI Cooling coefficient for inner stator
surface
135. A3SSD SSD Surface of ventilating ducts m2
136. c3 SCD Cooling coefficient for ventilating ducts
137. SLOS SLOS Total stator power loss Watt
138. S STRISE Stator temperature rise 0
C
139. TPH TS Number of turns per phase Nos.
140. WTS1/3 TWS Stator tooth width at 1/3rd ht. from gap m
141. WTR TWR Rotor tooth width (at root) m
142. AT60 TAT Total magnetising mmf AT
143. WTM TWM Mean width of stator tooth (at root) m
144. PFE TIL Total iron losses Watt
145. TFL TFL Full load torque

D:\ntd\im\ProcIM TBL.DOC
S.NO. Abbr. Symbol Description Unit
146. TST TST Starting torque
147. TRT1 TRT1 Per unit starting torque -
148. TMAX TMAX Maximum torque
149. TRT2 TRT2 Per unit maximum torque -
150. TIC TIC Total cost of iron Rs
151. TCW TCW Total cost of winding Rs
152. TC TC Total cost of active materials Rs
153. TE TE Thickness of end ring m
154. PCU TCLOS Total copper losses Watt
155. K TFR Transformation ratio -
156. WD WD Width of ventilating duct m
157. WSS WSS Width of stator slot mm
158. WSO WSO Width of slot opening mm
159. WTS1/3 WTS Width of stator teeth at 1/3rd height from m
narrow end / root
160. WRT1/3 WRT Width of rotor tooth at 1/3rd height from m
narrow end / gap
161. WTST WTST Weight of stator teeth Kg
162. WTCI WTCI Weight of iron in stator core Kg
163. WTRI WTRI Weight of iron in rotor Kg
164. WTSW WTSW Weight of stator winding Kg
165. WTRW WTRW Weight of rotor winding Kg
166. WRS WRS Width of rotor slot mm
167. XM XM Magnetising reactance Ohm
168. XZ XZ Zigzag leakage reactance Ohm
169. XL XL Total leakage reactance per phase Ohm
170. XS XS Total stator leakage reactance per phase Ohm
171. XR XR Total rotor leakage reactance referred to Ohm
stator side per phase
172. X2S’ XXR Total rotor leakage reactance referred to Ohm
stator side per phase at starting
173. YSS YSS Stator slot pitch m
174. YRS YRS Rotor slot pitch m
175. YSS1 YSS1 Contracted slot pitch m

D:\ntd\im\ProcIM TBL.DOC
S.NO. Abbr. Symbol Description Unit
176. ZSS ZSS Stator conductors per slot Nos.
177. ZS ZS Stator circuit impedance per phase Ohm
178. ZR ZR Rotor circuit impedance per phase Ohm
179. ZM ZM Magnetising branch impedance Ohm
(G1+j G2)
180. ZRM ZRM Impedance of rotor and magnetising Ohm
circuit (G3+j G4)
181. ZI ZI Total series impedance referred to stator Ohm
per phase

D:\ntd\im\ProcIM TBL.DOC
Specifications
11 KW/15hp, 3-Phase, 440 v, 50 hz, synchronous rpm 1000, delta connected, squirrel cage (1-
cage) induction motor with class B insulation but temperature rise limited to 50 degree C, full load
efficiency & power factor as 0.86 & 0.86 resp.
TS / TFL  1.0 , TMAX / TFL  2.5, IST / IFL 6.0
Inputs
SYMBOL ABBR VALUE UNIT
AC ac 22000.0 ac
PR PR 1.0 -
AX AX 3.41
- DSC DSC 0.03 m
BAV BAV 0.45 tesla
DELTA dS 4.0 amp/mm2
DELB dB 5.0 amp/mm2
Specifications & Constants
IP poles 6.0 nos.
SKS SKS 1.0 -
RKW RKW 11.0 kw
PF1 cos  
EFF1  0.86 -
QS QS 3.0 nos.
SLTHM LMAX 0.3 m
ES EPH 440.0 volt
BCS BCS 1.2 tesla
PI  3.14159 -
AKW KW 0.955 -
FREQ f 50.0 hz
SLF SLF 0.5
STKF KI 0.9 -
WD WD 0.01 m
H2 h2 3.5 mm
H3 h3 2.0 mm
H4 h4 1.0 mm
WS0 WS0 3.0 mm
HR2 hr2 0.5 mm
HR3 hr3 1.5 mm
HR4 hr4 0.5 mm
WR0 WR0 2.0 mm
SPRB,SPRE B, E 0.021 ohm-mm2 /m
CC CC 42.0 Rs/kg
CR CR 42.0 Rs/kg
CI CI 14.0 Rs/kg
DENC DENC 8900.0 kg/m3
DENR DENR 8900.0 kg/m3
DENI DENI 7600.0 kg/m3
AMEW 0 4.p.10-7 H/m
SCO SCO 0.033
KP KP 1.0 -
SIGMA  60 degree
11-03-2022

OPTIMA OF IM
11kw_mod
11 kw, 440 v, 3-phase, delta, 6-pole squirrel cage IM
PZ_11 K.FOR (PZ METHOD)
N= 7
Design variables
10-03-2022
AC := 22000 ... amp-cond/m
PR := 1.00 ... PU
AX := 3.41 ... pu ... DSS/WSS
DSC := 0.03 ... m
BAV := 0.45 ... tesla
DELTA := 4 ... A /sq.mm
DELB := 5 ... A / sq.mm

Specification

RKW := 11 ... kw

ES := 440 ... v

IP := 6 ... nos.

EFF1 := 0.86 ... pu

PF1 := 0.86 ... pu

FREQ := 50 ... Hz

MS := 3 ... nos.
Constants
SKS := 1 ...
QS := 3 ...nos

SLTHM := 0.3 ... m

PI := 3.14159 -
AKW := 0.955 -
LLL := 1.25 ... pu ... S2/S1
SLF := 0.5 -
FKD := 0.966 ... pu
STKF := 0.9 PRMAX := 2 ... nos.

WD := 0.01 ... m QMIN := 2 ... nos.

PPN1 := 1 ... nos

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 1

11-03-2022

STATOR SLOT DETAILS ROTOR SLOT DETAILS

H2 := 3.5 ... mm HR2 := 0.5 ... mm

H3 := 2.0 ... mm HR3 := 1.5 ... mm

H4 := 1.0 ... mm HR4 := 0.5 ... mm

WS0 := 3.0 ... mm WR0 := 2.0 ... mm

SPRB := 0.021
SPRE := SPRB

CI := 14
... Rs/kg
CC := 42
... Rs/kg
CR := 42 ... Rs/kg
DENI := 7600 ... kg/cu.m

DENC := 8900 ... kg/cu.m

DENR := 8900 ... kg/cu.m

-7
AMEW := 4  PI 10

KP := 1 ... pu

SCO := 0.033 ... pu

KWR := 1 ... pu
COMPUTATION
1- Stator domensions
CO := 0.011 AKW BAV AC CO = 103.9995 -
POL := IP POL = 6 nos
RKW
RKVA := RKVA = 14.8729 kva
EFF1 PF1

2  FREQ
SYN := SYN = 16.66667 rps
POL
RKVA POL
D := D = 0.01639
CO SYN PI PR

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 2

11-03-2022

3
DIA := D DIA = 0.254 ... m

PFLV := PI DIA SYN PFLV = 13.29956

PI DIA
POLP := POLP = 0.133 .. m
POL

SLTH := PR POLP SLTH = 0.133 ... m

ND := floor( 12 SLTH) ND = 1 ... nos.

SLTNI := STKF ( SLTH - ND  WD ) SLTNI = 0.1107 ... m

SLOT DESIGN

-3
FLUX := BAV POLP SLTH FLUX = 7.95953  10
... wb
ITS := floor 
ES
 ITS = 260 ... nos.
 4.44 FREQ FLUX AKW 

S1 := 3  POL QS S1 = 54 ... nos.

6  ITS 
ZSS := floor  ZSS = 28 ... nos.
 S1 
ZSS S1
TS := TS = 252 ... nos.
6
S1
CS := CS = 9 ... nos.
POL
PI
SIGMA := SIGMA = 1.0472 ... rad
3

sin
SIGMA 

KD :=
 2  KD = 0.9598 ... -
QS sin
SIGMA 

 2  QS 
AKW := KP KD AKWM AKW = 0.9598 ... -

CONDUCTOR SIZE
RKVA 1000
CI1 := CI1 = 11.26735 ... amp
3  ES

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 3

11-03-2022

CI1
CONA := CONA = 2.81684 ... sqmm
DELTA PPN1

CONA
DIAC := 4 DIAC = 1.89381 ... mm
PI
DIAIC := DIAC + 0.1 DIAIC = 1.99381 ... mm

ASS := ZSS 
CONA  ...sqmm
 ASS = 157.74292
 SLF 

DSS := ASS AX + H2 + H3 + H4 DSS = 29.69274 ... mm

ASS
WSS := + 1.5 WSS = 8.30139 ... mm
AX

H1 := ASS AX H1 = 23.19274 ... mm

FLUX DENSITY

DIA
YSS := PI YSS = 0.01478 ... m
S1
DIA + 0.008 
YSSA := 1000 PI   YSSA = 15.24271 ... mm
 S1 

TWS := YSSA - WSS TWS = 6.94132 ... mm

FLUX POL
BT1 := G := BT1 BT1 = 1.15099 ... T
-3 1
S1  TWS  10  SLTNI

STATOR CORE

FLUX -3
FLUXSC := FLUXSC = 3.97976  10 wb
2
-3
ACS := SLTNI  DSC ACS = 3.32088  10 ...sq mm
FLUXSC
BCS := BCS = 1.19841 ... T
ACS

OD := DIA + 2  ( DSC + 0.001 DSS ) OD = 0.37339 ... m

ROTOR DESIGN

AGL := 0.2 + 2  ( DIA SLTH) AGL = 0.56759 ... mm

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 4

11-03-2022

RDIA := DIA - 0.002 AGL RDIA = 0.25287 ... m

POL
S2 := S1 + S2 = 57 ... nos.
2
TS
CIB := 0.85 6  CI1  CIB = 254.04913 ... amp
S2
CIB
BARA := BARA = 50.80983 ... sq
DELB mm
BARA
WRB := ... K1 = DRB/WRB = 2 WRB = 5.04033 ... mm
2

DRB := 2  WRB DRB = 10.08066 ... mm

WRS := WRB + 0.3 WRS = 5.34033 ... mm

DRS := DRB + 3.0 DRS = 13.08066 ... mm

DRS
AR := AR = 2.44941 ... pu
WRS

RDIA - 0.002 DRS

YBR := PI YBR = 0.0125 ... m
S2

TWR := ( YBR 1000 - WRS) TWR = 7.15475 ... mm

POL FLUX
BT2 := BT2 = 1.05788 ... T
S2  TWR 0.001 SLTNI

RDIA
YRS := PI  YRS = 0.01394 ... m
S2

BLTH := SLTH + 0.05 BLTH = 0.183 ... m

S2 CIB
CIE :=
PI POL CIE = 768.23097 ... amp
CIE
ERAR := ERAR = 153.64619 ... sq mm
DELB

DE := ERAR 3.0 ... K2= DE / TE = 3 DE = 21.46948 ... mm

ERAR
TE := TE = 7.15649 ... mm
DE

DEO := RDIA - 0.002 DRS DEO = 0.22671 ... m

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 5

11-03-2022

DEI := DEO - 0.002 DE DEI = 0.18377 ... m

DEM := 0.5 ( DEO + DEI) DEM = 0.20524 ... m

RSID := RDIA - 0.002 DRS - 2  DSC RSID = 0.16671 ... m

DRC := DSC
 DIA + 0.002 DSS 
 3  -3
WTS := PI   - 0.001 WSS WTS = 7.62754  10 ... m
 S1 

SLTNI -3
AST := S1  WTS  AST = 7.59905  10 ...sq.m
POL

FLUX
BTSS := 1.36 BTSS = 1.42452 ... T
AST

 RDIA - 0.004  DRS 

 3  -3 ... m
WRT := PI    - 0.001 WRS WRT = 7.63538  10
 S2 
SLTNI -3
ART := S2 WRT ART = 8.02947  10 ... sq.m
POL

FLUX
BTRS := 1.36
ART BTRS = 1.34815 ... T

DIA + 0.001 DSS 

TWM := PI 
-3
 - 0.001 WSS TWM = 8.20336  10 ...m
 S1 
WTST := DENI  S1 TWM SLTNI  DSS 0.001 WTST = 11.06577 ... kg

BTSM :=  PI   FLUX BTSM = 1.64531

  ... T
 2  AST
3
SPLST := 1.3  BTSM
PI  ... w/kg
 IF BTSM>1.6 SPLST = 22.44115
 2 

LIST := SPLST  WTST LIST = 248.32851 ... w

WTCI := PI ( OD - DSC)  DSC SLTNI DENI WTCI = 27.22718 ... kg

BCS = 1.19841
3
SPLC := 8 +  BCS
PI 
 IF BCS>1.2 SPLC = 14.67068 ... w/kg
 2 
LIC := SPLC WTCI LIC = 399.44119 ... w

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 6

11-03-2022

TIL := LIST + LIC TIL = 647.76969 ... w

FWL := 10 RKW FWL = 110 ... w

NLL := TIL + FWL NLL = 757.76969 ... w

NLL
CIL := ... amp
3  ES CIL = 0.57407

ANLL := NLL ANLL = 757.76969 ... w

SCML := SLTH + 1.15 POLP + 0.12 SCML = 0.40594 ... m

WTRI := DENI  SLTNI  

PI
( 2
 RDIA - RSID
2
) - (S2DRSWRS10- 6) WTRI = 20.53695 ... kg
4 

TIC := CI ( WTST + WTCI + WTRI) TIC = 823.61846 ... Rs

-6
WTSW := 6  CONA SCML TS DENC 10 WTSW = 15.38743 ... kg
-6
WTRW := DENC ( S2  BARA BLTH + 2  PI ERAR DEM)  10 WTRW = 6.48025 ... kg

TCW := CC WTSW + CR WTRW TCW = 918.44271 ... Rs

TOTWT := ( WTST + WTCI + WTRI) + ( WTSW + WTRW)

TOTWT = 80.69757 ... kg
3
TC := TIC + TCW TC = 1.74206  10 ... Rs

MMF of each circuit

1 ... -
CRTCS := CRTCS = 0.60161
 1 + 3.5 AGL 
 
 WS0 
YSSC := YSS 100 - CRTCS WS0 0.1 YSSC = 1.29724

100
FGCS := YSS FGCS = 1.13913 ... -
YSSC

1
CRTCR := CRTCR = 0.50168 ... -
AGL
1 + 3.5
WR0

YRS 100
FGCR := FGCR = 1.07758 ...
100  YRS - CRTCR  WR0  0.1

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 7

11-03-2022

1
CRTCD :=
 AGL  ?? CRTCD = 0.90965 ....
 3.5
2 
1 + 
 WD  1000 

SLTH
FGCD := FGCD = 1.07342 ...
SLTH - CRTCD WD ND

FGCT := FGCS FGCR FGCD FGCT = 1.31762 ...

EAGL := FGCT AGL EAGL = 0.74787 ... mm

ATG := 800 1.36 BAV EAGL ATG = 366.15911 ...

MMF for stator core

BCS = 1.19841
3.2 BCS
SATSC := 6.44 e IF BCS<1.45 SATSC = 298.09935
DIA + 0.002 DSS + DSC 
SCPATH := PI   SCPATH = 0.05993
 3  POL 

ATSC := SATSC SCPATH ATSC = 17.86586 ... AT

MMF for stator teeth

BTSS = 1.42452

3.2 BTSS
SATST := 6.44 e IF BTSS<1.45 SATST = 614.60374

ATST := SATST  0.001 DSS ATST = 18.24927 ... AT

MMF for rotor teeth BTRS = 1.34815

3.2 BTRS
SATRT := 6.44 e IF BTRS<1.45 SATRT = 481.36353
... AT
ATRT := SATRT DRS 0.001 ATRT = 6.29655

MMF for rotor core

RDIA - 0.002 DRS - DSC 
RCPATH := PI    RCPATH = 0.03433
 3  POL 
ATRC := SATSC RCPATH ATRC = 10.23428 ... AT

TOTAL MMF
TAT := ATG + ATSC + ATST + ATRT + ATRC TAT = 418.80507 ... AT

No-load current & loss

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 8

11-03-2022

0.427 POL TAT ... A

CIM := CIM = 4.43621
AKW TS

2 2
CINL := CIM + CIL CINL = 4.4732 ... A

CINL
RNLC := RNLC = 0.39701 ... pu
CI1

G := RNLC
3

ES
XM := XM = 99.18379 ... ohm
CIM

ES
RM := RM = 766.45979 ... ohm
CIL

CIL
PFNL := PFNL = 0.12834 ... pu
CINL

Copper losses
SCLP := 2  SCML TS SCLP = 204.59408 ... m

RS := SPRB  
SCLP
 RS = 1.52528 ... ohm
 CONA 
2
SCLOS := 3  RS CI1 SCLOS = 580.91884 ... w

RB := SPRB 
BLTH  -5
 RB = 7.56332  10 ... ohm
 BARA 
2
BCLOS := S2 RB CIB BCLOS = 278.24196 ... w
PI DEM 
RE := SPRE 
-5
 RE = 8.81258  10 ... ohm
 ERAR 
2
ECLOS := 2  RE CIE ECLOS = 104.01997 ... w

RCLOS := BCLOS + ECLOS RCLOS = 382.26193 ... w

TCLOS := SCLOS + RCLOS TCLOS = 963.18078 ... w

STRAYLOSS := 5  RKW ? STRAYLOSS = 55 ... w
( RKW 1000)
EFFY := EFFY = 0.86099 ... pu
( RKW 1000 + TCLOS + NLL + STRAYLOSS)

G := EFFY
4

RCLOS
SLIP := SLIP = 0.0331 ... pu
RKW 1000 + RCLOS + FWL + STRAYLOSS

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 9

11-03-2022

G := SLIP
5

Equivalent circuit parameters

2
 RB + 2  RE  
S2 -3
RS := S2calculated.
is already
RROT  RROT = 5.92278  10 ... ohm
 PI POL 
AKW
TFR := 6  TS TFR = 25.45983 ...
S2

RSR :=  RROT   TFR2 RSR = 1.27972

  ... ohm
 3 
1.75 H3
PSS := AMEW  
H1 H2 H4 -6 ...
+ + +  PSS = 2.50815  10
 3  WSS WSS WSS + WS0 WS0 

2
8  PI FREQ TS  SLTH PSS
SSLR := SSLR = 1.47887 ... ohm
POL QS

2  HR3
PRS := AMEW 
DRB HR2 HR4  -6
+ + +  PRS = 1.7361  10
 3  WRS WRS WRS + WR0 WR0 

RPRS := PRS AKW  

2 S1  -6
 RPRS = 1.51513  10
 S2 

2
8  PI FREQ TS  BLTH RPRS
RSLR := ? RSLR = 1.22922 ... ohm
POL QS

2
SKS AMEW ( POLP) -7
OP := OP = 4.78784  10 ...
PI YSS

2
8  PI FREQ TS  OP
OLR := OLR = 2.12265 ...
POL QS
S2
QR := QR = 3.16667 ... nos.
MS POL

XZ :=  5 XM    1 + 1  XZ = 1.93623
  ... ohm
 54   QS2 QR2 
 
XL := SSLR + RSLR + OLR + XZ XL = 6.76697 ... ohm

XS := SSLR + 0.5 OLR + XZ 0.5*XL XS = 4.47643 ... ohm

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 10

11-03-2022

XR := RSLR + 0.5 OLR 0.5*XL XR = 2.29054 ... ohm

2
RM XM
G1 := G1 = 12.6235
(RM2 + XM2)

2
RM  XM
G2 := G2 = 97.55025
(RM2 + XM2)
 RSR G1 - XR G2   RSR + G1 +  RSR  G2 + XR G1  ( XR + G2)
A2 :=     
 SLIP   SLIP   SLIP 
5
A2 = 3.92957  10

2
A1 :=  + G1 + ( XR + G2)
RSR 2 4
A1 = 1.25979  10
 SLIP 
A2
G3 :=
A1 G3 = 31.19224

 RSR + G1   RSR  G2 + XR G1 - ( XR + G2)   RSR  G1 - XR G2

A3 :=     
 SLIP   SLIP   SLIP 
5
A3 = 1.68453  10
A3
G4 := G4 = 13.37147
A1

G5 := RS + G3 G5 = 32.71752 ... ohm

G6 := XS + G4 G6 = 17.8479 ... ohm

G5
PFLL := PFLL = 0.87787 ... pu
2 2
G5 + G6 G := PFLL
8

Skin factors
WRB
THETA := 0.1 DRB  SLIP INTRODUCE slip here THETA = 0.17819 ... pu
WRS
V := 2  THETA V = 0.35637 ... pu

 e V - e- V 
B1 :=   ... sinh(v) B1 = 0.36396 ...
 2 
B2 := sin( V) B2 = 0.34888 ...

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 11

11-03-2022

 eV + e- V 
A8 :=   - cos( V) ... cosh(V)-cos(V) A8 = 0.12701 ...
 2 

B3 :=  B1 + B2  B3 = 5.61259
  ...
 A8 

B4 :=  B1 - B2  B4 = 0.11879
  ....
 A8 
KR := B3 THETA ... skin factor KR = 1.00009 ... pu

KX :=  1.5   B4 KX = 0.99997
  ... skin factor ... pu
 THETA 
Skin effect on rotor resis. *& reactance
-5
BRS := KR RB BRS = 7.564  10 ... ohm

 2
SRROT := S2 BRS + 2  RE  
S2 -3
 SRROT = 5.92317  10 ... ohm
  PI POL  

SRSR :=  SRROT   TFR2 SRSR = 1.2798

  ... ohm
 3 

2  HR3
PRS1 := AMEW  KX
DRB HR2 HR4  -6
+ + +  PRS1 = 1.73608  10
 3  WRS WRS WRS + WR0 WR0 

RSLR1 :=  PRS1   RSLR RSLR1 = 1.2292

  ... ohm
 PRS 
XXR := RSLR1 + 0.5 OLR XXR = 2.29053 ... ohm

Torque & current ratio

RS XS
C1 := 1 + + C1 = 1.04712 ... pu
RM XM
2 RSR
3  ES 
SLIP 4
TFL := TFL = 1.23934  10 ...
2
 RS + C1 RSR  + ( XS + C1 XR) 2
 
 SLIP 
2
3  ES  SRSR 4
TST := TST = 1.33991  10 ...
2 2
( RS + C1 SRSR) + ( XS + C1 XXR)

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 12

11-03-2022

TST
TRT1 := TRT1 = 1.08115 ... pu
TFL

G := TRT1
7

RSR
SCR := SCR = 0.18173 ... pu
2 2
RS + ( XS + C1 XR)

2
3  ES 4
TMAX := TMAX = 3.23707  10 ... pu
 2 2
2  C1 RS + RS + ( XS + C1 XR) 

TMAX
TRT2 := TRT2 = 2.61194 ... pu
TFL

G := TRT2
6

ES
CFL := CFL = 10.33755 ... amp
2
 RS + C1 RSR  + ( XS + C1 XR) 2
 
 SLIP 

ES
CIST := CIST = 59.07525 ... amp
2 2
( RS + C1 SRSR) + ( XS + C1 XXR)

CIST
STCR := STCR = 5.71463 ... pu
CFL

RS + SRSR
PFSC := PFSC = 0.37778 ... pu
2 2
( RS + SRSR) + ( XS + C1 XXR)
Temperature rise of windings

SPS := PI DIA SYN

SPS = 13.29956 ... rps
VA1 := SPS

SSO := PI OD SLTH SSO = 0.15601 ... sq.m

OHL := SLTH + 0.025  0.001 ES + 3 +

YSS 
 OHL = 0.21909 ... m
 4 
SSI := PI  DIA OHL SSI = 0.17483 ... sq.m

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 13

11-03-2022

SSD :=   ( )
 π   OD2 - DIA2  ( 2 + ND) SSD = 0.17648 ... sq.m
4
0.04
SCI :=
1 + 0.1 VA1 SCI = 0.01717 ...

0.15
SCD := SCD = 0.11279 ...
0.1 VA1

SLOS := SCLOS 
SLTH 
 + TIL SLOS = 838.09229 ... w
 SCML 
SLOS
STRISE := STRISE = 50.86826 ... deg.C
 SSO+ +
SSI SSD 
 
 SCO SCI SCD 
G := STRISE
2

RPS := PI  RDIA SYN RPS = 13.24013 ... rps

VA2 := RPS

RSO := PI RDIA BLTH RSO = 0.14537 ...

RSD :=   ( )
 π   RDIA2 - RSID2  ( 2 + ND) RSD = 0.08518 ... sq.m
4
0.033
RCO := RCO = 0.0142 ...
1 + 0.1 VA2

0.15
RCD := RCD = 0.11329 ...
0.1 VA2

RCLOS + FWL
RTRISE := RTRISE = 44.79302 ... deg.C
 RSO + RSD 
 
 RCO RCD 
G := RTRISE
9

=======================================================
CONSTRAINTS:

BT1 = 1.15099

STRISE = 50.86826 RTRISE = 44.79302

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 14

11-03-2022

RNLC = 0.39701 TRT2 = 2.61194

TRT1 = 1.08115
EFFY = 0.86099
PFLL = 0.87787
SLIP = 0.0331

OPTIMA 11kw (n=7) ...PZ.xmcd 15

C PROGRAM 11KW_mod.FOR
C *******************
REAL IP,KP,KD,ND,LIST,LIC,NLL,KR,KX,KWR
C
AC=22000.
PR=1.
AX=3.41
DSC=0.03
BAV=0.45
DELTA=4.
DELB=5.
C
C INPUTS
C *******
IP=6.
SKS=1.0
RKW=11.0
PF1=0.86
EFF1=0.86
QS=3.0
RKVA=RKW/(EFF1*PF1)
C
SLTHM=0.3
ES=440.0
BCS=1.2
C
C CONSTANTS
C *********
PI=3.14159
AKW=0.955
FREQ=50.0
SLF=0.5
STKF=0.9
WD=0.01
C STATOR SLOT DETAILS
C H1=8.5
H2=3.5
H3=2.0
H4=1.0
WS0=3.0
C ROTOR SLOT DETAILS
C HR1=10.0
HR2=0.5
HR3=1.5
HR4=0.5
WR0=2.0
C
C SPECIFIC RESISTANCES
C *******************
C
 SPRB=0.021
SPRE=SPRB
C
C UNIT COSTS OF CI,CC,CR
C **********************
C
CC=42.0
CR=42.0
CI=14.0
C
C DENSITIES
C *********
C
DENC=8900.0
DENR=8900.0
DENI=7600.0
C
KP=1.
AMEW=4.*PI/10**7
KWR=1.
MS=3
SCO=0.03
C
C MAIN DIMENSIONS
C ***************
RKVA=RKW/(EFF1*PF1)
CO=0.011*AKW*BAV*AC
POL=IP
SYN=2.*FREQ*1./POL
D=(RKVA*POL)/(CO*SYN*PI*PR)
DIA=D**0.333
POLP=3.14*DIA/POL
SLTH=PR*POLP
ND=IFIX(12.*SLTH)
SLTNI=STKF*(SLTH-ND*WD)
C
C SLOT DESIGN
C ***********
FLUX=BAV*POLP*SLTH
ITS=ES/(4.44*FREQ*FLUX*AKW)
TS=ITS
S1=3.*POL*QS
ZSS=IFIX(6.*TS/S1)
TS=ZSS*S1/6.
C
CS=S1/POL
C KP=1..FOR FULL PITCH COIL OTHERWISE AS BELOW:
C ALFA & SIGMA ARE IN RADIANS.
C ALFA=(180./(CS+1.))*(PI/180.)
C KP=COS(ALFA/2.)
 SIGMA=60.*(PI/180.)
KD=SIN(SIGMA/2.)/(QS*SIN(SIGMA/(2.*QS)))
AKW=KP*KD
C
C CONDUCTOR SIZE
C **************
CI1=RKVA*1000./(3.*ES)
CONA=CI1/DELTA
DIAC=SQRT(4.*CONA/PI)
DIAIC=DIAC+0.1
C SLOT DIMENSIONS
C ***************
ASS=ZSS*CONA/SLF
DSS=SQRT(ASS*AX) + (H2+H3+H4)
WSS=SQRT(ASS/AX) +1.5
H1=SQRT(ASS*AX)
C FLUX DENSITY AT AA OF STATOR TEETH
C **********************************
C YSSA..(Yss)AA ..STATOR SLOT PITCH
C TWS ..(Wt)AA ..TOOTH WIDTH AT AA
C BT1 ..(Bt)1/3 ..TOOTH FLUX DENSITY AT AA AT 1/3 FROM
C NARROW END
C
YSS=PI*DIA/S1
YSSA=1000.*PI*(DIA+.008)/S1
TWS=(YSSA-WSS)
BT1=(FLUX*POL)/(S1*TWS*.001*SLTNI)
C STATOR CORE
C ***********
C X6=DSC
C BCS=FLUX/(2.*DSC*SLTNI)
FLUXSC=FLUX/2.
ACS=FLUXSC/BCS
DSC=ACS/SLTNI
OD=DIA+2.0*(DSC+.001*DSS)
C
C ROTOR DESIGN
C ************
C AX =DSS/WRS ..X8
C AR =DRB/WRB ..X9
C
AGL=0.2+2.*SQRT(DIA*SLTH)
RDIA=DIA-0.002*AGL
S2=S1+POL/2.
C Yb ..YBR ..SLOT PITCH AT BOTTOM OF THE SLOT
C TWR ..(Wtr)AA ..ROTOR TOOTH WIDTH AT AA AT ROOT
C BT2 ..(Btr)1/3..F.D AT THE ROOT OF TOOTH
C
C Yb=YBR=PI*(DIAR-.002*DRS)/S2
C TWR=WRS
C
CIB=0.85*6.*CI1*TS/S2
BARA=CIB/DELB
WRB=SQRT(BARA/2.)
DRB=2.*WRB
WRS=WRB+.3
DRS=DRB+3.0
AR=DRS/WRS
YBR=PI*(RDIA-.002*DRS)/S2
TWR=(YBR*1000.-WRS)
BT2=(FLUX*POL)/(S2*SLTNI*TWR*.001)
YRS=3.14159*RDIA/S2
C
BLTH=SLTH+0.05
C
CIE=S2*CIB/(PI*POL)
ERAR=CIE/DELB
DE=(ERAR*3.)**0.5
TE=ERAR/DE
DEO=RDIA-0.002*DRS
DEI=DEO-0.002*DE
DEM=(DEO+DEI)/2.
RSID=RDIA-0.002*DRS-2.*DSC
C
C STATOR TEETH
C ************
C DSC=X6
DRC=DSC
C
C TWS ..STATOR TOOTH WIDTH
C TWR ..ROTOR TOOTH WIDTH
C WTS ..MEAN WIDTH OF STATOR TEETH
C WRT ..WIDTH OF ROTOR TOOTH
C TWM ..MEAN TOOTH WIDTH OF STATOR
C BTSS ..Bt60 =1.36*(Bts)1/3
C BTSM ..MAX.F.D IN TEETH AT 1/3 HEIGHT
C
WTS=3.14159*(DIA+.002*DSS/3.)/S1-0.001*WSS
AST=S1*WTS*SLTNI/POL
BTSS=1.36*FLUX/AST
C
WRT=3.14159*(RDIA-.004*DRS/3.)/S2-0.001*WRS
ART=S2*WRT*SLTNI/POL
BTRS=1.36*FLUX/ART
C
TWM=PI*((DIA+.001*DSS)/S1)-.001*WSS
WTST=0.001*DSS*DENI*S1*TWM*SLTNI
C
BTSM=PI*FLUX/(2.*AST)
IF (BTSM-1.6) 53,53,54
53 SPLST=1.3*(BTSM*PI/2.)**2
54 SPLST=1.3*(BTSM*PI/2.)**3
LIST=SPLST*WTST
WTCI=PI*(OD-DSC)*DSC*SLTNI*DENI
IF (BCS-1.2) 901,901,902
901 SPLC=8.+(BCS*PI/2.)**2
902 SPLC=8.+(BCS*PI/2.)**3
LIC=SPLC*WTCI
TIL=(LIST+LIC)
FWL=10.*RKW
NLL=TIL+FWL
CIL=NLL/(3.*ES)
ANLL=NLL
SCML=SLTH+1.15*POLP+0.12
WTRI=DENI*SLTNI*((PI*(RDIA**2-RSID**2)/
14.)-(S2*DRS*WRS/10**6))
C
TIC=CI*(WTST+WTCI+WTRI)
WTSW=6.*CONA*SCML*TS*DENC/(10**6)
WTRW=DENC*((S2*BARA*BLTH+ 2.*PI*ERAR*DEM)/(10**6))
C
TCW=CC*WTSW+CR*WTRW
TOTWT=(WTST+WTCI+WTRI)+(WTSW+WTRW)
TC=TIC+TCW
C
C MAGNETIC CIRCUIT CALCULATIONS
C *****************************
C 1) MMF FOR AIR GAP
C ******************
C
C
C Kcs1 ..carter's coefft.for stator slot opening ..CRTCS
C Kcs2 .. -do- rotor slot opening ..CRTCR
C Kcd .. -do- ducts ..CRTCD
C
C STATOR SLOT OPNING FACTOR ..Kgss
CRTCS=1./(1.+3.5*AGL/WS0)
FGCS=YSS*100./(YSS*100.-CRTCS*WS0*.1)
C ROTOR SLOT OPENING ..Kgsr
CRTCR=1./(1.+3.5*AGL/WR0)
FGCR=YRS*100./(100.*YRS-CRTCR*WR0*.1)
C DUCT FACTOR..Kgd
CRTCD=1./(1.+3.5*AGL/(2.*WD*1000.))
FGCD=SLTH/(SLTH-CRTCD*WD*ND)
C CARTER'S FACTOR
FGCT=FGCS*FGCR*FGCD
EAGL=FGCT*AGL
ATG=800.*1.36*BAV*EAGL
C
C 2) MMF FOR STATOR CORE
C **********************
C
IF (BCS-0.6) 42, 42, 43
42 AT=91.8*BCS+ 45.
GO TO 50
43 IF (BCS-1.0) 44, 44, 45
44 AT=200.*BCS- 20.
GO TO 50
45 IF (BCS-1.45) 46, 46, 47
46 AT=6.44*(EXP(3.2*BCS))
GO TO 50
47 IF (BCS-1.7) 48, 48, 49
48 AT=0.0052*(EXP(8.1*BCS))
GO TO 50
49 AT=0.687*(EXP(5.23*BCS))
50 SATSC=AT
SCPATH=PI*(DIA+.002*DSS+DSC)/(3.*POL)
ATSC=SATSC*SCPATH
C
C 3) MMF FOR STATOR TEETH
C ***********************
C
IF (BTSS-0.6) 142,142,143
142 AT1=91.8*BTSS+ 45.0
GO TO 650
143 IF (BTSS-1.0) 144,144,145
144 AT1=200.0*BTSS- 20.
GO TO 650
145 IF (BTSS-1.45) 146,146,147
146 AT1=6.44*(EXP(3.2*BTSS))
GO TO 650
147 IF (BTSS-1.70) 148,148,149
148 AT1=0.0052*(EXP(8.1*BTSS))
GO TO 650
149 AT1=0.687*(EXP(5.23*BTSS))
650 SATST=AT1
ATST=SATST*DSS*0.001
C
C 4) MMF FOR ROTOR TEETH
C **********************
C
IF (BTRS-0.6) 242,242,243
242 AT2=91.8*BTRS+ 45.0
GO TO 250
243 IF (BTRS-1.0) 244,244,245
244 AT2=200.0*BTRS- 20.
GO TO 250
245 IF (BTRS-1.45) 246,246,247
246 AT2=6.44*(EXP(3.2*BTRS))
GOTO 250
247 IF (BTRS-1.70) 248,248,249
248 AT2=0.0052*(EXP(8.1*BTRS))
GO TO 250
249 AT2=0.687*(EXP(5.23*BTRS))
250 SATRT=AT2
ATRT=SATRT*DRS*0.001
C
C 5) MMF FOR ROTOR CORE
C *********************
C
RCPATH=PI*(RDIA-0.002*DRS-DSC)/(3.*POL)
ATRC=SATSC*RCPATH
C
C TOTAL MMF
C *********
TAT=ATG+ATSC+ATST+ATRT+ATRC
CIM=(0.427*POL*TAT)/(AKW*TS)
CINL=(CIM**2+CIL**2)**0.5
RNLC=CINL/CI1
C
C COPPER LOSS
C ***********
SCLP=2.*SCML*TS
RS=0.021*SCLP/CONA
SCLOS=3.*RS*CI1**2
RB=SPRB*BLTH/BARA
BCLOS=S2*RB*CIB**2
RE=SPRE*PI*DEM*1./ERAR
ECLOS=2.*RE*CIE**2
RCLOS=BCLOS+ECLOS
TCLOS=SCLOS+RCLOS
STRAY=5.*RKW
C
C EFF,NLPF,SLIP
C *************
RROT=(S2*RB)+2.*RE*(S2/(POL*3.14))**2
TFR=6.*TS*AKW/S2
RSR=TFR**2*RROT/3.
EFF=RKW*1000./(1000.*RKW+NLL+TCLOS+STRAY)
C
RM=ES/CIL
XM=ES/CIM
PFNL=CIL/CINL
SLIP=RCLOS/(1000.*RKW+RCLOS+FWL+STRAY)
C
C LEAKAGE REACTANCE
C *****************
C
PSS=AMEW*(H1/(3.*WSS)+(H2/WSS)+
1 (2*H3/(WSS+WS0))+H4/WS0)
 SSLR=8.*FREQ*PI*TS**2*SLTH*PSS/(POL*QS)
C
PRS=AMEW*(DRB/(3.*WRS)+(HR2/WRS)+
1 (2*HR3/(WRS+WR0))+HR4/WR0)
RPRS=PRS*AKW**2*(S1/S2)
RSLR=8.*FREQ*PI*TS**2*BLTH*RPRS/(POL*QS)
C
OP=SKS*AMEW*(POLP**2)/(3.14*YSS)
OLR=400.*3.14159*TS**2*OP/(POL*QS)
QR=S2/(3.*POL)
XZ=(5.*XM/54.)*(1./(QS**2)+1./(QR**2))
C
XL=SSLR+RSLR+OLR+XZ
C
XS=SSLR+XZ+0.5*OLR
XR=RSLR+0.5*OLR
C
C FULL LOAD POWER FACTOR
C **********************
G1=RM*XM**2/(RM**2+XM**2)
G2=RM**2*XM/(RM**2+XM**2)
G3=((RSR*G1/SLIP-XR*G2)*(RSR/SLIP+G1)+(RSR*G2/SLIP+XR*G1)
1*(XR+G2))/((RSR/SLIP+G1)**2+(XR+G2)**2)
G4=((RSR/SLIP+G1)*(RSR*G2/SLIP+XR*G1)-(XR+G2)*(RSR*G1
1/SLIP-XR*G2))/((RSR/SLIP+G1)**2+(XR+G2)**2)
PFFL=(RS+G3)/(((RS+G3)**2+(XS+G4)**2)**0.5)
C
C STRATING CHARACTERISTICS
C ************************
THETA=0.1*DRB*(WRB/WRS)**0.5
V=(2.0*THETA)
B1=SINH(V)
B2=SIN(V)
A8=COSH(V)-COS(V)
B3=(B1+B2)/A8
B4=(B1-B2)/A8
KR=THETA*B3
KX=(1.5/THETA)*B4
BRS= KR*RB

C
SRROT=S2*RB*KR+2.*RE*(S2/(3.14*POL))**2
SRSR=TFR**2*(SRROT/3.)
C
PRS1=AMEW*((DRB*KX)/(3.*WRS) + (HR2/WRS) +
1 (2*HR3/(WRS+WR0))+HR4/WR0)
RSLR1=(PRS1/PRS)*RSLR
XXR=RSLR1+0.5*OLR
C
C TORQUE AND CURRENT RATIOS
C *************************
C1=1.+RS/RM+XS/XM
TFL=(3.*ES**2*RSR/SLIP)/
1 ((RS+C1*RSR/SLIP)**2+(XS+C1*XR)**2)
TST=(3.*ES**2*SRSR)/((RS+C1*SRSR)**2+(XS+C1*XXR)**2)
TRT1=TST/TFL
SCR=RSR/((RS**2)+(XS+C1*XR)**2)**0.5
TMAX=(3.*ES**2)/(2.*C1*(RS+(RS**2+(XS+C1*XR)**2)**0.5))
TRT2=TMAX/TFL
C
CIST=ES/((RS+C1*SRSR)**2+(XS+C1*XXR)**2)**0.5
CFL=ES/((RS+C1*RSR/SLIP)**2+(XS+C1*XR)**2)**0.5
STCR=CIST/CFL
PFSC=(RS+SRSR)/((RS+SRSR)**2+(XS+C1*XXR)**2)**0.5
C
C TEMPERATURE RISE OF STATOR
C **************************
C OUTER CYLINDERICAL SURFACE AREA
SPS=PI*SYN*DIA
VA1=SPS
A1SSO=3.14159*OD*SLTH
C INNER CYLINDERICAL SURFACE AREA
OHL=SLTH+0.025*(0.001*ES+3.+YSS/4.)
A2SSI=PI*DIA*OHL
C DUCT SURFACE AREA
A3SSD=PI*(OD**2-DIA**2)*(2.+ND)/4.
C COOLING COEFFTS.
SCI=0.04/(1.+0.1*VA1)
SCD=0.15/(0.1*VA1)
SLOS=(SCLOS*SLTH/SCML)+TIL
STRISE=SLOS/(A1SSO/SCO+A2SSI/SCI+A3SSD/SCD)
C TEMP.RISE OF ROTOR
C ******************
RPS=PI*RDIA*SYN
VA2=RPS
A1RSO=PI*(RDIA*BLTH)
C
A2RSD=PI*(RDIA**2-RSID**2)*(2.+ND)/4.
C COOLING COEFFTS.OF ROTOR
RCO=0.033/(1.+0.1*VA2)
RCD=0.15/(0.1*VA2)
RTRISE=(RCLOS+FWL)/(A1RSO/RCO+A2RSD/RCD)
C
C
C
C
COUNTC=COUNTC+1
WRITE (*, 010) COUNTC
010 FORMAT (2X,'COUNTC=',F6.1/)
C
C
C
WRITE (*,500) CO,POL,RKVA,SYN,DIA,POLP,SLTH,ND,SLTNI
500 FORMAT(2X,'CO=',F8.2,3X,'POL=',F6.4,3X,'RKVA=',F10.4/
1 2X,'SYN=',F8.2,3X,'DIA=',F6.4,3X,'POLP=',F10.4/
1 2X,'SLTH=',F6.4,3X,'ND=',F6.4,3X,'SLTNI=',F10.4/)
C
WRITE (*,510) FLUX,TS,S1,ZSS,CS,ALFA,KP,SIGMA,KD,AKW
510 FORMAT(2X,'FLUX=',F6.4,3X,'TS=',F8.1,3X,'S1=',F10.4/
1 2X,'ZSS=',F6.1,3X,'CS=',F6.4,3X,'ALFA=',F10.4/
1 2X,'KP=',F6.4,3X,'SIGMA=',F8.4,3X,'KD=',F10.4/
1 2X,'AKW=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (*,520) CI1,CONA,DIAC,DIAIC,ASS,DSS,WSS,H1
520 FORMAT(2X,'CI1=',F6.2,3X,'CONA=',F6.4,3X,'DIAC=',F10.4/
1 2X,'DIAIC=',F6.4,3X,'ASS=',F6.2,3X,'DSS=',F10.4/
1 2X,'WSS=',F6.4,3X,'H1=',F6.1/)
C
WRITE (*,530) YSS,YSSA,TWS,BT1
530 FORMAT(2X,'YSS=',F6.4,3X,'YSSA=',F8.4,3X,'TWS=',F10.4/
1 2X,'BT1=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (*,540) FLUXSC,ACS,DSC,OD
540 FORMAT(2X,'FLUXSC=',F6.4,3X,'ACS=',F6.4,3X,'DSC=',F10.4/
1 2X,'OD=',F6.4/)
C
WRITE (*,550) AGL,RDIA,CIB,BARA,WRB,DRB,WRS,DRS,AR
550 FORMAT(2X,'AGL=',F6.4,3X,'RDIA=',F6.4,3X,'CIB=',F10.4/
1 2X,'BARA=',F6.1,3X,'WRB=',F6.4,3X,'DRB=',F10.4/
1 2X,'WRS=',F6.4,3X,'DRS=',F6.1,3X,'AR=',F10.4/)
C
WRITE (*,560) YBR,TWR,BT2,YRS,BLTH
560 FORMAT(2X,'YBR=',F6.4,3X,'TWR=',F6.4,3X,'BT2=',F10.4/
1 2X,'YRS=',F6.4,3X,'BLTH=',F6.4/)
C
WRITE (*,570) CIE,ERAR,DE,TE,DEO,DEI,DEM,RSID
570 FORMAT(2X,'CIE=',F6.1,3X,'ERAR=',F6.1,3X,'DE=',F10.4/
1 2X,'TE=',F6.4,3X,'DEO=',F6.4,3X,'DEI=',F10.4/
1 2X,'DEM=',F6.4,3X,'RSID=',F6.4/)
C
WRITE (*,580) WTS,AST,BTSS,WRT,ART,BTRS,TWM,WTST
580 FORMAT(2X,'WTS=',F6.4,3X,'AST=',F6.4,3X,'BTSS=',F10.4/
1 2X,'WRT=',F6.4,3X,'ART=',F6.4,3X,'BTRS=',F10.4/
1 2X,'TWM=',F6.4,3X,'WTST=',F6.1/)
C
WRITE (*,590) BTSM,SPLST,LIST,WTCI,SPLC,LIC,TIL,FWL
590 FORMAT(2X,'BTSM=',F6.1,3X,'SPLST=',F9.4,3X,'LIST=',F6.2/
1 2X,'WTCI=',F6.1,3X,'SPLC=',F9.4,3X,'LIC=',F6.2/
1 2X,'TIL=',F6.1,3X,'FWL=',F6.1/)
C
 WRITE (*,600) CIL,ANLL,SCML,WTRI,TIC,WTSW,WTRW,TCW
600 FORMAT(2X,'CIL=',F6.4,3X,'ANLL=',F6.2,3X,'SCML=',F10.2/
1 2X,'WTRI=',F6.2,3X,'TIC=',F6.2,3X,'WTSW=',F10.2/
1 2X,'WTRW=',F6.2,3X,'TCW=',F6.1/)
C
WRITE (*,610) TOTWT,TC
610 FORMAT(2X,'TOTWT=',F6.1,3X,'TC=',F6.1//)
C
WRITE (*,620) CRTCS,FGCS,CRTCR,FGCR,CRTCD,FGCD,FGCT,
1 EAGL,ATG
620 FORMAT(2X,'CRTCS=',F6.4,3X,'FGCS=',F6.4,3X,'CRTCR=',F10.4/
1 2X,'FGCR=',F6.4,3X,'CRTCD=',F6.4,3X,'FGCD=',F10.4/
1 2X,'FGCT=',F6.4,3X,'EAGL=',F6.4,3X,'ATG=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE (*,630) SCPATH,SATSC,ATSC
630 FORMAT(2X,'SCPATH=',F9.4,3X,'SATSC=',F9.4,
1 3X,'ATSC=',F8.2)
C
WRITE (*,640) SATST,ATST
640 FORMAT(2X,'SATST=',F9.4,3X,'ATST=',F8.2)
C
WRITE (*,660) SATRT,ATRT
660 FORMAT(2X,'SATRT=',F9.4,3X,'ATRT=',F8.2)
C
WRITE (*,670) RCPATH,ATRC
670 FORMAT(2X,'RCPATH=',F9.4,3X,'ATRC=',F8.2)
C
WRITE (*,680) TAT,CIM,CINL,RNLC
680 FORMAT(2X,'TAT=',F9.2,3X,'CIM=',F6.1,3X,'CINL=',F6.1/
1 2X,'RNLC=',F6.4//)
C
WRITE (*,690) SCLP,RS,SCLOS,RB,BCLOS,RE,ECLOS,RCLOS,TCLOS
690 FORMAT(2X,'SCLP=',F6.2,3X,'RS=',F6.2,3X,'SCLOS=',F6.2/
1 2X,'RB=',F9.6,3X,'BCLOS=',F6.2,3X,'RE=',F9.6/
1 2X,'ECLOS=',F6.2,3X,'RCLOS=',F6.2,3X,'TCLOS=',F6.2//)
C
WRITE (*,700) RROT,TFR,RSR,EFF,RM,XM,PFNL,SLIP
700 FORMAT(2X,'RROT=',F9.4,3X,'TFR=',F9.2,3X,'RSR=',F6.2/
1 2X,'EFF=',F6.4,3X,'RM=',F10.2,3X,'XM=',F6.2/
1 2X,'PFNL=',F6.4,3X,'SLIP=',F6.4//)
C
WRITE (*,710) AMEW,PSS,SSLR,PRS,RPRS,RSLR,OP,OLR,XZ
710 FORMAT(2X,'AMEW=',F10.8,3X,'PSS=',F12.8,3X,'SSLR=',F6.2/
1 2X,'PRS=',F12.8,3X,'RPRS=',F12.8,3X,'RSLR=',F6.2/
1 2X,'OP=',F12.8,3X,'OLR=',F12.8,3X,'XZ=',F6.2//)
C
WRITE (*,720) XL,XS,XR
720 FORMAT(2X,'XL=',F6.4,3X,'XS=',F6.4,3X,'XR=',F6.2//)
C
WRITE (*,730) G1,G2,G3,G4,PFFL
730 FORMAT(2X,'G1=',F8.1,3X,'G2=',F8.1,3X,'G3=',F8.1/
1 2X,'G4=',F8.1,3X,'PFFL=',F6.4//)
C
WRITE (*,740) THETA,B1,B2,A8,B3,B4,KR,KX
740 FORMAT(2X,'THETA=',F6.4,3X,'B1=',F6.4,3X,'B2=',F6.2/
1 2X,'A8=',F6.4,3X,'B3=',F6.4,3X,'B4=',F6.2/
1 2X,'KR=',F6.4,3X,'KX=',F6.4/)
C
WRITE (*,750) PRS1,RSLR1,XXR,SRROT,SRSR
750 FORMAT(2X,'PRS1=',F12.8,3X,'RSLR1=',F6.4,3X,'XXR=',F6.2/
1 2X,'SRROT=',F6.4,3X,'SRSR=',F6.4/)
C
WRITE (*,760) C1,TFL,TST,TRT1,TMAX,TRT2,CIST,CFL,STCR
760 FORMAT(2X,'C1=',F6.4,3X,'TFL=',F8.2,3X,'TST=',F8.2/
1 2X,'TRT1=',F6.2,3X,'TMAX=',F8.2,3X,'TRT2=',F6.2/
1 2X,'CIST=',F6.1,3X,'CFL=',F6.1,3X,'STCR=',F6.1//)
C
WRITE (*,770) VA1,A1SSO,OHL,A2SSI,A3SSD,SCO,SCI,SCD,
1 SLOS,STRISE
770 FORMAT(2X,'VA1=',F6.2,3X,'A1SSO=',F6.4,3X,'OHL=',F6.2/
1 2X,'A2SSI=',F6.4,3X,'A3SSD=',F6.4,3X,'SCO=',F6.2/
1 2X,'SCI=',F6.4,3X,'SCD=',F6.4,3X,'SLOS=',F6.1/
1 2X,'STRISE=',F6.1//)
C
WRITE (*,780) VA2,A1RSO,A2RSD,RCO,RCD,RTRISE
780 FORMAT(2X,'VA2=',F6.2,3X,'A1RSO=',F6.4,3X,'A2RSD=',F6.2/
1 2X,'RCO=',F6.4,3X,'RCD=',F6.4,3X,'RTRISE=',F6.2//)
C
WRITE (*,300) DIA,OD,CI1
300 FORMAT(2X,'DIA=',F6.4,3X,'OD=',F6.4,3X,'CI1=',F10.4)
WRITE (*,301) WRB,DRB,THETA
301 FORMAT(2X,'WRB=',F10.4,3X,'DRB=',F10.4,3X,'THETA=',F10.4)
WRITE (*,302) BCS,BTSS,BTRS
302 FORMAT(2X,'BCS=',F6.4,3X,'BTSS=',F6.4,3X,'BTRS=',F6.4)
WRITE (*,303) BTSM
303 FORMAT(2X,'BTSM=',F6.4)
WRITE (*,304) CIM,CINL
304 FORMAT(2X,'CIM=',F10.4,3X,'CINL=',F10.4/)
C
WRITE (*,350) BT1,BT2,RNLC
350 FORMAT(2X,'BT1=',F6.4,3X,'BT2=',F6.4,3X,'RNLC=',F6.4)
WRITE (*,351) EFF,SLIP,PFFL
351 FORMAT(2X,'EFF=',F6.4,3X,'SLIP=',F6.4,3X,'PFFL=',F6.4)
WRITE (*,352) TRT1,TRT2,STCR
352 FORMAT(2X,'TRT1=',F6.4,3X,'TRT2=',F6.4,3X,'STCR=',F6.4)
WRITE (*,353) STRISE,RTRISE
353 FORMAT(2X,'STRISE=',F10.4,3X,'RTRISE=',F10.4/)
WRITE(*,354) SCR,PFSC
354 FORMAT(2X,'SCR=',F10.4,3X,'PFSC=',F10.4/)
C
RETURN
END
 Specifications & constants for various motors:

S.No. Rating of motors Unit

PZ_5HP.FOR PZ_11KW.FOR PZ_315.FOR

1 IP 4 6 8 nos.
2 SKS 0.75 1 0.75 pu
3 RKW 3.7 11 315 kw
4 QS 3 3 4 nos.
5 SLTHM 0.3 0.3 0.56 m
6 ES 400 440 3810.5 volt
7 PI 3.14159 3.14159 3.14159 pu
8 AKW 0.955 0.955 0.955 pu
9 FREQ 50 50 50 hz
10 SLF 0.4 0.5 0.4 pu
11 STKF 0.9 0.9 0.9 pu
12 WD 0.01 0.01 0.01 m
13 H2 2 3.5 mm
14 H3 2 2 3.5 mm
15 H4 1 1 1 mm
16 WS0 3 3 5 mm
17 HR2 0 0.5 mm
18 HR3 0.75 1.5 mm
19 HR4 1 0.5 mm
20 WR0 1 2 mm
21 SPRB 0.021 0.021 0.021 ohm-mm2/m
22 SPRE 0.021 0.021 0.021 ohm-mm2/m
23 CC 60 42 100 Rs/kg
24 CR 60 42 70 Rs/kg
25 CI 20 14 15 Rs/kg
26 DENC 8900 8900 8900 kg/m3
27 DENR 8900 8900 8900 kg/m3
28 DENI 7600 7600 7600 kg/m3
29 EFF1 0.83 0.86 0.92 pu
30 PF1 0.84 0.875 0.80 pu
31 AMEW 0.000001258 0.000001258 0.000001258 h/m
32 SCO 0.033 0.033 0.033 pu
33 KP 1 1 1 pu
34 KWR 1 1 1 pu

35 X1 PR..0.7627 AC..22000 PR..1.72

36 X2 BAV..0.46 PR..1 AX..3.5
37 X3 AC..22000 AX..3.41 DELTA..4.0
38 X4 DELTA..4.0 DSC..0.03 DELB..6.0
39 X5 DELB..6.0 BAV..0.45
40 X6 DSC..0.021 DELTA..4
41 X7 AGL..0.45 DELB..5
42 X8 AX..2.97 pu
43 X9 AR..1.52 pu

For 315 kw motor additional inputs are: BAV=0.45, AC=35000, PF1=0.8, EFF1=0.92
QMIN=2, DIA=0.71, OD=0.96 (Stamping size is known. )

d:\ntd\data\pz_im_data.xls
11-03-2022

Powell - Zangwill method for Induction Motor

Initial values & bounds on variables pz_11k.for+pz11ksub.for

11 kw, 440 v, 940 rpm, 3-phase, 50 Hz, delta, 0.875 pf, 0.86 eff, cage induction motor
Ref: A.K.Sawhney / M.V.Deshpande 11-03--2022
TABLE - B 11kw_mod.for (formulae)
s.no variable variable constraintslower limit upper limit feasible optimised unit
(pz_11k.in)pz_11k.op
1 N 7
2 IPRINT 1
3 MAXIT 999
4 ESCALE 0.5
5 X1 AC B10, B17 15000 26500 22000 22000 ac/m
6 X2 PR B11, B18 0.5 2 1 0.927 pu
7 X3 AX B12, B19 2.5 3.5 3.41 2.499 pu
8 X4 DSC B13, B20 0.02 0.035 0.03 0.026 m
9 X5 BAV B14, B21 0.45 0.6 0.45 0.49 tesla
10 X6 DELTA B15, B22 4 12 4 12 amp/mm2
2
11 X7 DELB B16, B23 5 12 5 8.896 amp/mm

12 E(1) 0.002
13 E(2) 0.002
14 E(3) 0.002
15 E(4) 0.002
16 E(5) 0.002
17 E(6) 0.002
18 E(7) 0.002
19 R 100
20 C 5

Output
21 TCOST 1744.8 994.82 Rs
22 COUNTC 0 13132 nos.
23 ITER 0 1 nos.
24 ISEQ 5 nos.
Constraints
25 X8 BT1 B1 - 2 1.1485 0.9593 tesla
0
26 X9 STRISE B2 - 75 49.38 70.63 C
27 X10 RNLC B3 - 0.5 0.3971 0.475 pu
28 X11 EFF B4 0.8 - 0.8609 0.785 pu
29 X12 SLIP B5 0.055 0.0331 0.056 pu
30 X13 TRT2 B6 2 - 2.6029 2.11 pu
31 X14 TRT1 B7 1 - 1.1298 1.3866 pu
32 X15 PFFL B8 0.8 - 0.8774 0.8701 pu
0
33 X16 RTRISE B9 - 75 44.7 74.98 C

N=7,G=9, NC=23 (NC=2*N+Constraints= 2*7+9)

d:\data\im\pz_im_data.xls
C PZ_11K.FOR (PZ6.FOR+11KW.FOR)
C EX...A.K.SAWHNEY/P662-672 ...11KW,6POLE,3PH,IM
C POWEL-BOTM+ ZANGWILL'S EXTERIOR PENALTY FUNCTION
C #################################################
C LOWER & UPPER LIMITS INTRODUCED FOR VARIABLES #
C #################################################
C a) Application of 11KW,IM added.
C b) N=7,NC=9+14...change Format,Dimension statements accordingly.
C
REAL IP,ND,KP,KD,TS,S2,LIST,LIC,NLL,KR,KX
C
C DIMENSION X(N),W{N*(N+3)},E(N),YY(N)
C
DIMENSION X(7),W(70),E(7),YY(7)
COMMON/DEVICE/NO
COMMON/FUNXON/TC,COUNTC
COMMON/CONSTR/NC,R
C COMMON/DESN1/BT1,BT2,RNLC,EFF,SLIP
C COMMON/DESN2/PFFL,TRT1,TRT2,STCR,STRISE,RTRISE
COMMON/DESN3/AC,PR,AX,DSC,BAV,DELTA,DELB
COMMON/DESN4/CO,POL,RKVA,SYN,DIA,POLP,SLTH,ND,SLTNI
COMMON/DESN5/FLUX,TS,S1,ZSS,CS,ALFA,KP,SIGMA,KD,AKW
COMMON/DESN6/CI1,CONA,DIAC,DIAIC,ASS,DSS,WSS,H1
COMMON/DESN7/YSS,YSSA,TWS,BT1
COMMON/DESN8/FLUXSC,ACS,OD
COMMON/DESN9/AGL,RDIA,CIB,BARA,WRB,DRB,WRS,DRS,AR
COMMON/DESN10/YBR,TWR,BT2,YRS,BLTH
COMMON/DESN11/CIE,ERAR,DE,TE,DEO,DEI,DEM,RSID
COMMON/DESN12/WTS,AST,BTSS,WRT,ART,BTRS,TWM,WTST
COMMON/DESN13/BTSM,SPLST,LIST,WTSI,SPLC,LIC,TIL,FWL
COMMON/DESN14/CIL,ANLL,SCML,WTRI,TIC,WTWS,WTRW,TCW
COMMON/DESN15/TOTWT
COMMON/DESN16/CRTCS,FGCS,CRTCR,FGCR,CRTCD,FGCD,FGCT,EAGL,
1 ATG
COMMON/DESN17/SATSC,ATSC
COMMON/DESN18/SATST,ATST
COMMON/DESN19/SATRT,ATRT
COMMON/DESN20/RCPATH,ATRC
COMMON/DESN21/TAT,CIM,CINL,RNLC
COMMON/DESN22/SCLP,RS,SCLOS,RB,BCLOS,RE,ECLOS,RCLOS,
1 TCLOS
COMMON/DESN23/RROT,TFR,RSR,EFF,RM,XM,PFNL,SLIP
COMMON/DESN24/AMEW,PSS,SSLR,PRS,RPRS,RSLR,OP,OLR,XZ
COMMON/DESN25/XL,XS,XR
COMMON/DESN26/G1,G2,G3,G4,PFFL
COMMON/DESN27/THETA,B1,B2,A8,B3,B4,BRS,SXR,KR,KX
COMMON/DESN28/XRST,BRSLR,XXR,SRROT,SRSR
COMMON/DESN29/C1,TFL,TST,TRT1,TMAX,TRT2,CIST,CFL,STCR
COMMON/DESN30/VA1,A1SSO,OHL,A2SSI,A3SSD,SCO,SCI,SCD,SLOS,
1 STRISE
 COMMON/DESN31/VA2,A1RSO,A2RSD,RCO,RCD,RTRISE
COMMON/DESN32/BCS,DRC,SCR,PFSC
C
NC=23
MAXSEQ=5
C=5.
C
NI=50
NO=66
OPEN(UNIT=50,FILE='PZ_11K.IN')
OPEN(UNIT=66,FILE='PZ_11K.OP')
C
READ (NI,*) N,IPRINT,MAXIT,ESCALE
READ (NI,*) (X(II),II=1,N)
READ (NI,*) (E(JJ),JJ=1,N)
READ (NI,*) R
C
NW=N*(N+3)
C FOLLOWING 4 LINES ADDED
ISEQ=1
500 WRITE(*,101) ISEQ,R
WRITE(NO,101) ISEQ,R
101 FORMAT (15X,'SEQUENCE NUMBER =',I4
1/2X,'R = ',F10.4/)
C
C
CALL BOTM (X,E,N,EF,ESCALE,IPRINT,MAXIT,W,NI,NO,NW)
C
WRITE (NO,001)
001 FORMAT(//,5X,23HVALUES OF THE VARIABLES)
DO 100 J=1,N
WRITE (NO,002) J,X(J)
002 FORMAT(/,5X,2HX(,I2,4H) = ,E16.8)
100 CONTINUE
C
WRITE (NO,003) EF
003 FORMAT (//,5X,21HOPTIMUM VALUE OF F = ,E16.8)
C
WRITE (*,800) AC,PR,AX,DSC,BAV,DELTA,DELB
800 FORMAT(2X,'AC=',F8.1,3X,'PR=',F6.1,3X,'AX=',F6.1/
1 2X,'DSC=',F6.4,3X,'BAV=',F6.4,3X,'DELTA=',F6.2/
1 2X,'DELB=',F6.2//)
C
WRITE (*,350) BT1,BT2,RNLC
350 FORMAT(2X,'BT1=',F6.4,3X,'BT2=',F6.4,3X,'RNLC=',F6.4)
WRITE (*,351) EFF,SLIP,PFFL
351 FORMAT(2X,'EFF=',F6.4,3X,'SLIP=',F6.4,3X,'PFFL=',F6.4)
WRITE (*,352) TRT1,TRT2,STCR
352 FORMAT(2X,'TRT1=',F6.4,3X,'TRT2=',F6.4,3X,'STCR=',F6.4)
WRITE (*,353) STRISE,RTRISE
353 FORMAT(2X,'STRISE=',F10.4,3X,'RTRISE=',F10.4/)
C
WRITE (NO,3500) BT1,BT2,RNLC
3500 FORMAT(2X,'BT1=',F6.4,3X,'BT2=',F6.4,3X,'RNLC=',F6.4)
WRITE (NO,3510) EFF,SLIP,PFFL
3510 FORMAT(2X,'EFF=',F6.4,3X,'SLIP=',F6.4,3X,'PFFL=',F6.4)
WRITE (NO,3520) TRT1,TRT2,STCR
3520 FORMAT(2X,'TRT1=',F6.4,3X,'TRT2=',F6.4,3X,'STCR=',F6.4)
WRITE (NO,3530) STRISE,RTRISE
3530 FORMAT(2X,'STRISE=',F10.4,3X,'RTRISE=',F10.4/)
WRITE(NO,3531) KR,KX
3531 FORMAT (2X,'KR=', F10.4,3X,'KX=',F10.4/)
C
WRITE(NO,3532) SCR,PFSC
3532 FORMAT (2X,'SCR=', F10.4,3X,'PFSC=',F10.4/)
C
C
C**** FOLLOWING 9 LINES ADDED AND STOP IS
C ASSIGNED AS "200 STOP OR FOR DESIRED OUPUT RESULTS***"
C
IF (ISEQ.GE.MAXSEQ) GO TO 200
C
R=C*R
DO 102 I=1,N
YY(I)=X(I)
X(I)=YY(I)
C
102 CONTINUE
ISEQ=ISEQ+1
C GO TO 500
C FINAL VALUES PRINT
C
WRITE (NO,501) CO,POL,RKVA,SYN,DIA,POLP,SLTH,ND,SLTNI
501 FORMAT(2X,'CO=',F8.2,3X,'POL=',F6.4,3X,'RKVA=',F10.4/
1 2X,'SYN=',F8.2,3X,'DIA=',F6.4,3X,'POLP=',F10.4/
2 2X,'SLTH=',F6.4,3X,'ND=',F6.4,3X,'SLTNI=',F10.4/)
C
WRITE (NO,510) FLUX,TS,S1,ZSS,CS,ALFA,KP,SIGMA,KD,AKW
510 FORMAT(2X,'FLUX=',F6.4,3X,'TS=',F8.1,3X,'S1=',F10.4/
1 2X,'ZSS=',F6.1,3X,'CS=',F6.4,3X,'ALFA=',F10.4/
2 2X,'KP=',F6.4,3X,'SIGMA=',F8.4,3X,'KD=',F10.4/
3 2X,'AKW=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (NO,520) CI1,CONA,DIAC,DIAIC,ASS,DSS,WSS,H1
520 FORMAT(2X,'CI1=',F6.2,3X,'CONA=',F6.4,3X,'DIAC=',F10.4/
1 2X,'DIAIC=',F6.4,3X,'ASS=',F6.2,3X,'DSS=',F10.4/
2 2X,'WSS=',F6.4,3X,'H1=',F6.1/)
C
WRITE (NO,530) YSS,YSSA,TWS,BT1
530 FORMAT(2X,'YSS=',F6.4,3X,'YSSA=',F8.4,3X,'TWS=',F10.4/
 1 2X,'BT1=',F6.3/)
C
WRITE (NO,540) FLUXSC,ACS,DSC,OD
540 FORMAT(2X,'FLUXSC=',F6.4,3X,'ACS=',F6.4,3X,'DSC=',F10.4/
1 2X,'OD=',F6.4/)
C
WRITE (NO,550) AGL,RDIA,CIB,BARA,WRB,DRB,WRS,DRS,AR
550 FORMAT(2X,'AGL=',F6.4,3X,'RDIA=',F6.4,3X,'CIB=',F10.4/
1 2X,'BARA=',F6.1,3X,'WRB=',F6.4,3X,'DRB=',F10.4/
2 2X,'WRS=',F6.4,3X,'DRS=',F6.1,3X,'AR=',F10.4/)
C
WRITE (NO,560) YBR,TWR,BT2,YRS,BLTH
560 FORMAT(2X,'YBR=',F6.4,3X,'TWR=',F6.4,3X,'BT2=',F10.4/
1 2X,'YRS=',F6.4,3X,'BLTH=',F6.4/)
C
WRITE (NO,570) CIE,ERAR,DE,TE,DEO,DEI,DEM,RSID
570 FORMAT(2X,'CIE=',F6.1,3X,'ERAR=',F6.1,3X,'DE=',F10.4/
1 2X,'TE=',F6.4,3X,'DEO=',F6.4,3X,'DEI=',F10.4/
2 2X,'DEM=',F6.4,3X,'RSID=',F6.4/)
C
WRITE (NO,580) WTS,AST,BTSS,WRT,ART,BTRS,TWM,WTST
580 FORMAT(2X,'WTS=',F6.4,3X,'AST=',F6.4,3X,'BTSS=',F10.4/
1 2X,'WRT=',F6.4,3X,'ART=',F6.4,3X,'BTRS=',F10.4/
2 2X,'TWM=',F6.4,3X,'WTST=',F6.1/)
C
WRITE (NO,590) BTSM,SPLST,LIST,WTCI,SPLC,LIC,TIL,FWL
590 FORMAT(2X,'BTSM=',F6.1,3X,'SPLST=',F9.4,3X,'LIST=',F6.2/
1 2X,'WTCI=',F6.1,3X,'SPLC=',F9.4,3X,'LIC=',F6.2/
2 2X,'TIL=',F6.1,3X,'FWL=',F6.1/)
C
WRITE (NO,600) CIL,ANLL,SCML,WTRI,TIC,WTSW,WTRW,TCW
600 FORMAT(2X,'CIL=',F6.4,3X,'ANLL=',F6.2,3X,'SCML=',F10.2/
1 2X,'WTRI=',F6.2,3X,'TIC=',F6.2,3X,'WTSW=',F10.2/
2 2X,'WTRW=',F6.2,3X,'TCW=',F6.1/)
C
WRITE (NO,610) TOTWT,TC
610 FORMAT(2X,'TOTWT=',F6.1,3X,'TC=',F6.1//)
C
WRITE (NO,620) CRTCS,FGCS,CRTCR,FGCR,CRTCD,FGCD,FGCT,EAGL,ATG
620 FORMAT(2X,'CRTCS=',F6.4,3X,'FGCS=',F6.4,3X,'CRTCR=',F10.4/
1 2X,'FGCR=',F6.4,3X,'CRTCD=',F6.4,3X,'FGCD=',F10.4/
2 2X,'FGCT=',F6.4,3X,'EAGL=',F6.4,3X,'ATG=',F6.2/)
C
WRITE (NO,630) SATSC,ATSC
630 FORMAT(2X,'SATSC=',F9.4,3X,'ATSC=',F8.2)
C
WRITE (NO,640) SATST,ATST
640 FORMAT(2X,'SATST=',F9.4,3X,'ATST=',F8.2)
C
C
 WRITE (NO,660) SATRT,ATRT
660 FORMAT(2X,'SATRT=',F9.4,3X,'ATRT=',F8.2)
C
C
WRITE (NO,670) RCPATH,ATRC
670 FORMAT(2X,'RCPATH=',F9.4,3X,'ATRC=',F8.2)
C
C
WRITE (NO,680) TAT,CIM,CINL,RNLC
680 FORMAT(2X,'TAT=',F9.2,3X,'CIM=',F6.1,3X,'CINL=',F6.1/
1 2X,'RNLC=',F6.4//)
C
WRITE (NO,690) SCLP,RS,SCLOS,RB,BCLOS,RE,ECLOS,RCLOS,TCLOS
690 FORMAT(2X,'SCLP=',F6.2,3X,'RS=',F6.2,3X,'SCLOS=',F8.2/
1 2X,'RB=',F9.6,3X,'BCLOS=',F6.2,3X,'RE=',F9.6/
2 2X,'ECLOS=',F6.2,3X,'RCLOS=',F6.2,3X,'TCLOS=',F8.2//)
C
WRITE (NO,700) RROT,TFR,RSR,EFF,RM,XM,PFNL,SLIP
700 FORMAT(2X,'RROT=',F9.4,3X,'TFR=',F9.2,3X,'RSR=',F6.2/
1 2X,'EFF=',F6.4,3X,'RM=',F10.2,3X,'XM=',F6.2/
2 2X,'PFNL=',F6.4,3X,'SLIP=',F6.4//)
C
WRITE (NO,710) AMEW,PSS,SSLR,PRS,RPRS,RSLR,OP,OLR,XZ
710 FORMAT(2X,'AMEW=',F10.8,3X,'PSS=',F12.8,3X,'SSLR=',F6.2/
1 2X,'PRS=',F12.8,3X,'RPRS=',F12.8,3X,'RSLR=',F6.2/
2 2X,'OP=',F12.8,3X,'OLR=',F12.8,3X,'XZ=',F6.2//)
C
WRITE (NO,720) XL,XS,XR
720 FORMAT(2X,'XL=',F6.4,3X,'XS=',F6.4,3X,'XR=',F6.2//)
C
WRITE (NO,730) G1,G2,G3,G4,PFFL
730 FORMAT(2X,'G1=',F8.1,3X,'G2=',F8.1,3X,'G3=',F8.1/
1 2X,'G4=',F8.1,3X,'PFFL=',F6.4//)
C
WRITE (NO,740) THETA,B1,B2,A8,B3,B4,BRS,SXR
740 FORMAT(2X,'THETA=',F6.4,3X,'B1=',F6.4,3X,'B2=',F6.2/
1 2X,'A8=',F6.4,3X,'B3=',F6.4,3X,'B4=',F6.2/
2 2X,'BRS=',F6.4,3X,'SXR=',F6.4/)
C
WRITE (NO,750) XRST,BRSLR,XXR,SRROT,SRSR
750 FORMAT(2X,'XRST=',F12.8,3X,'BRSLR=',F6.4,3X,'XXR=',F6.2/
1 2X,'SRROT=',F6.4,3X,'SRSR=',F6.4/)
C
WRITE (NO,760) C1,TFL,TST,TRT1,TMAX,TRT2,CIST,CFL,STCR
760 FORMAT(2X,'C1=',F6.4,3X,'TFL=',F8.2,3X,'TST=',F8.2/
1 2X,'TRT1=',F6.2,3X,'TMAX=',F8.2,3X,'TRT2=',F6.2/
2 2X,'CIST=',F6.1,3X,'CFL=',F6.1,3X,'STCR=',F6.1//)
C
WRITE (NO,770) VA1,A1SSO,OHL,A2SSI,A3SSD,SCO,SCI,SCD,SLOS,
1 STRISE
770 FORMAT(2X,'VA1=',F6.2,3X,'A1SSO=',F6.4,3X,'OHL=',F6.2/
1 2X,'A2SSI=',F6.4,3X,'A3SSD=',F6.4,3X,'SCO=',F6.2/
2 2X,'SCI=',F6.4,3X,'SCD=',F6.4,3X,'SLOS=',F6.1/
3 2X,'STRISE=',F6.1//)
C
WRITE (NO,780) VA2,A1RSO,A2RSD,RCO,RCD,RTRISE
780 FORMAT(2X,'VA2=',F6.2,3X,'A1RSO=',F6.4,3X,'A2RSD=',F6.2/
1 2X,'RCO=',F6.4,3X,'RCD=',F6.4,3X,'RTRISE=',F6.2//)
C
GO TO 500
C
200 STOP
C STOP
END
C
C
C
SUBROUTINE CALCFX (N,X,F)
COMMON/DEVICE/NO
COMMON/FUNXON/TC,COUNTC
COMMON/CONSTR/NC,R
C
DIMENSION X(N),G(100)
C
CALL CALCFX1(N,X,F,G)
C
C DO 1 I=1,NC
C IF (G(I).LT.0.0) F=F+R*(G(I)*G(I))
C1 CONTINUE
C
RETURN
END
C
C
C BEGIN PAGE #338
SUBROUTINE BOTM (X,E,N,EF,ESCALE,IPRINT,MAXIT,W,NI,NO,NW)
C
DIMENSION X(N),W(NW),E(N)
C
WRITE (NO,001)
001 FORMAT(1H1,10X,32HPOWEL-BOTM OPTIMIZATION ROUTINE )
WRITE (NO,002) N,MAXIT,ESCALE,(I,X(I),I=1,N),(J,E(J),J=1,
1 N)
002 FORMAT(//,2X,10HPARAMETERS,//,2X,4HN = ,I2,4X,8HMAXIT = ,I4,4X,
1 9HESCALE = ,F5.2,//,2X,15HINITIAL GUESSES,//,7(2X,2HX(,I2,4H) =
2 ,1PE16.8),//,2X,31HACCURACY REQUIRED FOR VARIABLES,//,7(2X,2HE(,
3 I2,4H) = ,E16.3))
C
DDMAG=0.1*ESCALE
SCER=0.05/ESCALE
 JJ=N*(N+1)
JJJ=JJ+N
K=N+1
NFCC=1
IND=1
INN=1
DO 4 I=1,N
W(I)=ESCALE
DO 4 J=1,N
W(K)=0.
IF (I-J) 4,3,4
C
3 W(K)=ABS(E(I))
4 K=K+1
ITERC=1
ISGRAD=2
CALL CALCFX (N,X,F)
FKEEP=2.*ABS(F)
5 ITONE=1
FP=F
SUM=0.
IXP=JJ
DO 6 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
6 W(IXP)=X(I)
IDIRN=N+1
ILINE=1
7 DMAX=W(ILINE)
DACC=DMAX*SCER
DMAG=AMIN1(DDMAG,0.1*DMAX)
DMAG=AMAX1(DMAG,20.*DACC)
DDMAX=10.*DMAG
GO TO (70,70,71),ITONE
C
70 DL=0.
D=DMAG
FPREV=F
IS=5
FA=FPREV
DA=DL
8 DD=D-DL
DL=D
C PAGE 339 BEGINS
58 K=IDIRN
DO 9 I=1,N
X(I)=X(I)+DD*W(K)
9 K=K+1
CALL CALCFX(N,X,F)
NFCC=NFCC+1
GO TO (10,11,12,13,14,96),IS
14 IF(F-FA) 15,16,24
C
16 IF (ABS(D)-DMAX) 17,17,18
17 D=D+D
GO TO 8
18 WRITE (NO,019)
19 FORMAT(5X,38HMAXIMUM CHANGE DOES NOT ALTER FUNCTION)
GO TO 20
C
15 FB=F
DB=D
GO TO 21
24 FB=FA
DB=DA
FA=F
DA=D
21 GO TO (83,23),ISGRAD
23 D=DB+DB-DA
C
IS=1
GO TO 8
83 D=0.5*(DA+DB-(FA-FB)/(DA-DB))
IS=4
IF((DA-D)*(D-DB)) 25,8,8
25 IS=1
IF(ABS(D-DB)-DDMAX) 8,8,26
26 D=DB+SIGN(DDMAX,DB-DA)
IS=1
DDMAX=DDMAX+DDMAX
DDMAG=DDMAG+DDMAG
IF (DDMAG.GE.1.0E+20) DDMAG = 1.0E+20
IF(DDMAX-DMAX) 8,8,27
27 DDMAX=DMAX
GO TO 8
13 IF(F-FA) 28,23,23
28 FC=FB
DC=DB
29 FB=F
DB=D
GO TO 30
12 IF(F-FB) 28,28,31
31 FA=F
DA=D
GO TO 30
11 IF(F-FB) 32,10,10
32 FA=FB
DA=DB
GO TO 29
C PAGE 340 BEGINS
71 DL=1.
 DDMAX=5.
FA=FP
DA=-1.
FB=FHOLD
DB=0.
D=1.
10 FC=F
DC=D
30 A=(DB-DC)*(FA-FC)
B=(DC-DA)*(FB-FC)
IF((A+B)*(DA-DC)) 33,33,34
33 FA=FB
DA=DB
FB=FC
DB=DC
GO TO 26
34 D=0.5*(A*(DB+DC)+B*(DA+DC))/(A+B)
DI=DB
FI=FB
IF(FB-FC) 44,44,43
43 DI=DC
FI=FC
44 GO TO (86,86,85),ITONE
85 ITONE=2
GO TO 45
C
86 IF(ABS(D-DI)-DACC) 41,41,93
93 IF(ABS(D-DI)-0.03*ABS(D)) 41,41,45
45 IF((DA-DC)*(DC-D)) 47,46,46
46 FA=FB
DA=DB
FB=FC
DB=DC
GO TO 25
47 IS=2
IF ((DB-D)*(D-DC)) 48,8,8
48 IS=3
GO TO 8
41 F=FI
D=DI-DL
DD=SQRT((DC-DB)*(DC-DA)*(DA-DB)/(A+B))
DO 49 I=1,N
X(I)=X(I)+D*W(IDIRN)
W(IDIRN)=DD*W(IDIRN)
49 IDIRN=IDIRN+1
W(ILINE)=W(ILINE)/DD
ILINE=ILINE+1
IF (IPRINT-1) 51,50,51
C
50 WRITE(NO,52) ITERC,NFCC,F,(X(I),I=1,N)
52 FORMAT(/10H ITERATION,I5,I15,16H FUNCTION VALUES,10X,3HF =,E15.8
1/5X,2(8E16.8))
GO TO (51,53),IPRINT
51 GO TO (55,38),ITONE
55 IF(FPREV-F-SUM) 94,95,95
C PAGE 341 BEGINS
95 SUM=FPREV-F
JIL=ILINE
94 IF(IDIRN-JJ) 7,7,84
84 GO TO(92,72),IND
92 FHOLD=F
IS=6
IXP=JJ
DO 59 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
59 W(IXP)=X(I)-W(IXP)
DD=1.
GO TO 58
96 GO TO(112,87),IND
112 IF(FP-F) 37,37,91
91 D=2.*(FP+F-2.*FHOLD)/(FP-F)**2
IF(D*(FP-FHOLD-SUM)**2- SUM) 87,37,37
87 J=JIL*N+1
IF(J-JJ) 60,60,61
60 DO 62 I=J,JJ
K=I-N
62 W(K)=W(I)
DO 97 I=JIL,N
97 W(I-1)=W(I)
61 IDIRN=IDIRN-N
ITONE=3
K=IDIRN
C
IXP=JJ
AAA=0.
DO 67 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
W(K)=W(IXP)
IF(AAA-ABS(W(K)/E(I))) 66,67,67
66 AAA=ABS(W(K)/E(I))
67 K=K+1
DDMAG=1.
W(N)=ESCALE/AAA
ILINE=N
GO TO 7
37 IXP=JJ
AAA=0.
F=FHOLD
DO 99 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
 X(I)=X(I)-W(IXP)
IF(AAA*ABS(E(I))-ABS(W(IXP))) 98,99,99
98 AAA=ABS(W(IXP)/E(I))
99 CONTINUE
GO TO 72
38 AAA=AAA*(1.+DI)
GO TO(72,106),IND
72 IF(IPRINT-2) 53,50,50
53 GO TO(109,88),IND
109 IF(AAA-0.1) 20,20,76
C
76 IF(F-FP) 35,78,78
78 WRITE(NO,80)
C PAGE 342 BEGINS
80 FORMAT(5X,31HACCURACY LIMITED BY ERRORS IN F)
C
88 IND=1
35 DDMAG=0.4*SQRT(ABS(FP-F))
IF(DDMAG.GE.1.0E+20) DDMAG=1.0E+20
ISGRAD=1
C
108 ITERC=ITERC+1
IF(ITERC-MAXIT) 5,5,81
81 WRITE(NO,82) MAXIT
82 FORMAT(I5,29H ITERATIONS COMPLETED BY BOTM)
IF(F-FKEEP) 20,20,110
110 F=FKEEP
DO 111 I=1,N
JJJ=JJJ+1
111 X(I)=W(JJJ)
GO TO 20
C
101 JIL=1
FP=FKEEP
IF(F-FKEEP) 105,78,104
104 JIL=2
FP=F
F=FKEEP
C
105 IXP=JJ
DO 113 I=1,N
IXP=IXP+1
K=IXP+N
GO TO(114,115),JIL
114 W(IXP)=W(K)
GO TO 113
115 W(IXP)=X(I)
X(I)=W(K)
113 CONTINUE
JIL=2
 GO TO 92
106 IF(AAA-0.1) 20,20,107
C
20 EF=F
RETURN
C
107 INN=1
GO TO 35
C
END
C PZ11KSUB.FOR (11KW)
SUBROUTINE CALCFX1 (N,X,F,G)
COMMON/DEVICE/NO
COMMON/FUNXON/TC,COUNTC
COMMON/CONSTR/NC,R
C COMMON/DESN1/BT1,BT2,RNLC,EFF,SLIP
C COMMON/DESN2/PFFL,TRT1,TRT2,STCR,STRISE,RTRISE
COMMON/DESN3/AC,PR,AX,DSC,BAV,DELTA,DELB
COMMON/DESN4/CO,POL,RKVA,SYN,DIA,POLP,SLTH,ND,SLTNI
COMMON/DESN5/FLUX,TS,S1,ZSS,CS,ALFA,KP,SIGMA,KD,AKW
COMMON/DESN6/CI1,CONA,DIAC,DIAIC,ASS,DSS,WSS,H1
COMMON/DESN7/YSS,YSSA,TWS,BT1
COMMON/DESN8/FLUXSC,ACS,OD
COMMON/DESN9/AGL,RDIA,CIB,BARA,WRB,DRB,WRS,DRS,AR
COMMON/DESN10/YBR,TWR,BT2,YRS,BLTH
COMMON/DESN11/CIE,ERAR,DE,TE,DEO,DEI,DEM,RSID
COMMON/DESN12/WTS,AST,BTSS,WRT,ART,BTRS,TWM,WTST
COMMON/DESN13/BTSM,SPLST,LIST,WTSI,SPLC,LIC,TIL,FWL
COMMON/DESN14/CIL,ANLL,SCML,WTRI,TIC,WTWS,WTRW,TCW
COMMON/DESN15/TOTWT
COMMON/DESN16/CRTCS,FGCS,CRTCR,FGCR,CRTCD,FGCD,FGCT,EAGL,
1 ATG
COMMON/DESN17/SATSC,ATSC
COMMON/DESN18/SATST,ATST
COMMON/DESN19/SATRT,ATRT
COMMON/DESN20/RCPATH,ATRC
COMMON/DESN21/TAT,CIM,CINL,RNLC
COMMON/DESN22/SCLP,RS,SCLOS,RB,BCLOS,RE,ECLOS,RCLOS,
1 TCLOS
COMMON/DESN23/RROT,TFR,RSR,EFF,RM,XM,PFNL,SLIP
COMMON/DESN24/AMEW,PSS,SSLR,PRS,RPRS,RSLR,OP,OLR,XZ
COMMON/DESN25/XL,XS,XR
COMMON/DESN26/G1,G2,G3,G4,PFFL
COMMON/DESN27/THETA,B1,B2,A8,B3,B4,BRS,SXR,KR,KX
COMMON/DESN28/XRST,BRSLR,XXR,SRROT,SRSR
COMMON/DESN29/C1,TFL,TST,TRT1,TMAX,TRT2,CIST,CFL,STCR
COMMON/DESN30/VA1,A1SSO,OHL,A2SSI,A3SSD,SCO,SCI,SCD,SLOS,
1 STRISE
COMMON/DESN31/VA2,A1RSO,A2RSD,RCO,RCD,RTRISE
COMMON/DESN32/BCS,SCR,PFSC
C
DIMENSION X(N),G(100)
REAL IP,ND,KP,KD,TS,S2,LIST,LIC,NLL,KR,KX,KWR
C
AC=X(1)
PR=X(2)
AX=X(3)
DSC=X(4)
BAV=X(5)
DELTA=X(6)
 DELB=X(7)
C
C
C PROGRAM 11KW.FOR
C VARIABLEs:
C =============================
C
C AC ..X1 ..22000. (G10,G17)
C PR ..X2 ..1.0 (G11,G18)
C AX ..X3 ..3.41 (G12,G19)
C DSC ..X4 ..0.03 (G13,G20)
C BAV ..X5 ..0.45 (G14,G21)
C DELTA ..X6 ..4.0 (G15,G22)
C DELB ..X7 ..5.0 (G16,G23)
C
C COSTRAINTS:
C ==========================
C BT1 ..X8 G1
C STRISE ..X9 G2
C RNLC ..X10 G3
C PU EFF ..X11 G4
C PU SLIP ..X12 G5
C PU TRT2 ..X13 G6
C PU TRT1 ..X14 G7
C PU PFFL ..X15 G8
C RTRISE ..X16 G9
C
C INPUTS
C *******
IP=6
SKS=1.0
RKW=11.0
QS=3.0
C
SLTHM=0.3
ES=440.0
C
C CONSTANTS
C *********
PI=3.14159
AKW=0.955
FREQ=50.0
SLF=0.5
STKF=0.9
WD=0.01
C STATOR SLOT DETAILS
C H1=8.5
H2=3.5
H3=2.0
H4=1.0
 WS0=3.0
C ROTOR SLOT DETAILS
C HR1=10.0
HR2=0.5
HR3=1.5
HR4=0.5
WR0=2.0
C SCO=0.03
C
C SPECIFIC RESISTANCES
C *******************
C
SPRB=0.021
SPRE=SPRB
C
C UNIT COSTS OF CI,CC,CR
C **********************
C
CC=42.0
CR=42.0
CI=14.0
C
C DENSITIES
C *********
C
DENC=8900.0
DENR=8900.0
DENI=7600.0
C
PF1=0.86
EFF1=0.86

C RKVA=14.9
AMEW=(4.*PI)/(10**7)
KP=1.
KWR=1.
MS=3
C SIGMA=60 DEGREE
C
C MAIN DIMENSIONS
C ***************
RKVA=RKW/(PF1*EFF1)
CO=0.011*AKW*BAV*AC
POL=IP
SYN=2.*FREQ*1./POL
D=(RKVA*POL)/(CO*SYN*PI*PR)
DIA=D**0.333
POLP=3.14*DIA/POL
SLTH=PR*POLP
ND=IFIX(12.*SLTH)
 SLTNI=STKF*(SLTH-ND*WD)
C
C SLOT DESIGN
C ***********
FLUX=BAV*POLP*SLTH
ITS=ES/(4.44*FREQ*FLUX*AKW)
TS=ITS
S1=3.*POL*QS
ZSS=IFIX(6.*TS/S1)
TS=ZSS*S1/6
C
CS=S1/POL
C KP=1..FOR FULL PITCH COIL OTHERWISE AS BELOW:
C ALFA & SIGMA ARE IN RADIANS.
C ALFA=(180./(CS+1.))*(PI/180.)
C KP=COS(ALFA/2.)
SIGMA=60.*(PI/180.)
KD=SIN(SIGMA/2.)/(QS*SIN(SIGMA/(2.*QS)))
AKW=KP*KD
C
C CONDUCTOR SIZE
C **************
CI1=RKVA*1000./(3.*ES)
CONA=CI1/DELTA
DIAC=SQRT(4.*CONA/PI)
DIAIC=DIAC+0.1
C SLOT DIMENSIONS
C ***************
ASS=ZSS*CONA/SLF
DSS=SQRT(ASS*AX) + (H2+H3+H4)
WSS=SQRT(ASS/AX) +1.5
H1=SQRT(ASS*AX)
C
YSS=PI*DIA/S1
YSSA=1000.*PI*(DIA+.008)/S1
TWS=(YSSA-WSS)
BT1=(FLUX*POL)/(S1*TWS*.001*SLTNI)
C STATOR CORE
C ***********
FLUXSC=FLUX/2.
ACS=SLTNI*DSC
BCS=FLUXSC/ACS
OD=DIA+2.0*(DSC+.001*DSS)
C
C ROTOR DESIGN
C ************
AGL=0.2+2.*SQRT(DIA*SLTH)
RDIA=DIA-0.002*AGL
S2=S1+POL/2.
C DRB=2.*WRB
 CIB=0.85*6.*CI1*TS/S2
BARA=CIB/DELB
WRB=SQRT(BARA/2.)
DRB=2.*WRB
WRS=WRB+.3
DRS=DRB+3.0
AR=DRS/WRS
YBR=PI*(RDIA-.002*DRS)/S2
TWR=(YBR*1000.-WRS)
BT2=(FLUX*POL)/(S2*SLTNI*TWR*.001)
YRS=3.14159*RDIA/S2
C
BLTH=SLTH+0.05
C
CIE=S2*CIB/(PI*POL)
ERAR=CIE/DELB
DE=(ERAR*3.)**0.5
TE=ERAR/DE
DEO=RDIA-0.002*DRS
DEI=DEO-0.002*DE
DEM=(DEO+DEI)/2.
RSID=RDIA-0.002*DRS-2.*DSC
C
C STATOR TEETH
C ************
C First line added
DRC=DSC
WTS=PI*(DIA+.002*DSS/3.)/S1-0.001*WSS
AST=S1*WTS*SLTNI/POL
BTSS=1.36*FLUX/AST
C
WRT=PI*(RDIA-.004*DRS/3.)/S2-0.001*WRS
ART=S2*WRT*SLTNI/POL
BTRS=1.36*FLUX/ART
C
TWM=PI*((DIA+.001*DSS)/S1)-.001*WSS
WTST=0.001*DSS*DENI*S1*TWM*SLTNI
C
BTSM=PI*FLUX/(2.*AST)
IF (BTSM-1.6) 53,53,54
53 SPLST=1.3*(BTSM*PI/2.)**2
54 SPLST=1.3*(BTSM*PI/2.)**3
LIST=SPLST*WTST
WTCI=PI*(OD-DSC)*DSC*SLTNI*DENI
IF (BCS-1.2) 901,901,902
901 SPLC=8.+(BCS*PI/2.)**2
902 SPLC=8.+(BCS*PI/2.)**3
LIC=SPLC*WTCI
TIL=(LIST+LIC)
FWL=10.*RKW
 NLL=TIL+FWL
CIL=NLL/(3.*ES)
ANLL=NLL
SCML=SLTH+1.15*POLP+0.12
WTRI=DENI*SLTNI*((PI*(RDIA**2-RSID**2)/
14.)-(S2*DRS*WRS/10**6))
C
TIC=CI*(WTST+WTCI+WTRI)
WTSW=6.*CONA*SCML*TS*DENC/(10**6)
WTRW=DENC*((S2*BARA*BLTH+ 2.*PI*ERAR*DEM)/(10**6))
C
TCW=CC*WTSW+CR*WTRW
TOTWT=(WTST+WTCI+WTRI)+(WTSW+WTRW)
TC=TIC+TCW
C F=TC
C
C MAGNETIC CIRCUIT CALCULATIONS
C *****************************
C 1) MMF FOR AIR GAP
C ******************
C Kcs1 ..carter's coefft.for stator slot opening ..CRTCS
C Kcs2 .. -do- rotor slot opening ..CRTCR
C Kd .. -do- ducts ..CRTCD
C
C STATOR SLOT OPNING FACTOR ..Kgss
CRTCS=1./(1.+3.5*AGL/WS0)
FGCS=YSS*100./(YSS*100.-CRTCS*WS0*.1)
C ROTOR SLOT OPENING ..Kgsr
CRTCR=1./(1.+3.5*AGL/WR0)
FGCR=YRS*100./(100.*YRS-CRTCR*WR0*.1)
C DUCT FACTOR..Kgd
CRTCD=1./(1.+3.5*AGL/(2.*WD*1000.))
FGCD=SLTH/(SLTH-CRTCD*WD*ND)
C CARTER'S FACTOR
FGCT=FGCS*FGCR*FGCD
EAGL=FGCT*AGL
ATG=800.*1.36*BAV*EAGL
C
C 2) MMF FOR STATOR CORE
C **********************
C
IF (BCS-0.6) 42, 42, 43
42 AT=91.8*BCS+ 45.
GO TO 50
43 IF (BCS-1.0) 44, 44, 45
44 AT=200.*BCS- 20.
GO TO 50
45 IF (BCS-1.45) 46, 46, 47
46 AT=6.44*(EXP(3.2*BCS))
GO TO 50
47 IF (BCS-1.7) 48, 48, 49
48 AT=0.0052*(EXP(8.1*BCS))
GO TO 50
49 AT=0.687*(EXP(5.23*BCS))
50 SATSC=AT
SCPATH=PI*(DIA+.002*DSS+DSC)/(3.*POL)
ATSC=SATSC*SCPATH
C
C 3) MMF FOR STATOR TEETH
C ***********************
C
IF (BTSS-0.6) 142,142,143
142 AT1=91.8*BTSS+ 45.0
GO TO 650
143 IF (BTSS-1.0) 144,144,145
144 AT1=200.0*BTSS- 20.
GO TO 650
145 IF (BTSS-1.45) 146,146,147
146 AT1=6.44*(EXP(3.2*BTSS))
GO TO 650
147 IF (BTSS-1.70) 148,148,149
148 AT1=0.0052*(EXP(8.1*BTSS))
GO TO 650
149 AT1=0.687*(EXP(5.23*BTSS))
650 SATST=AT1
ATST=SATST*DSS*0.001
C
C 4) MMF FOR ROTOR TEETH
C **********************
C
IF (BTRS-0.6) 242,242,243
242 AT2=91.8*BTRS+ 45.0
GO TO 250
243 IF (BTRS-1.0) 244,244,245
244 AT2=200.0*BTRS- 20.
GO TO 250
245 IF (BTRS-1.45) 246,246,247
246 AT2=6.44*(EXP(3.2*BTRS))
GOTO 250
247 IF (BTRS-1.70) 248,248,249
248 AT2=0.0052*(EXP(8.1*BTRS))
GO TO 250
249 AT2=0.687*(EXP(5.23*BTRS))
250 SATRT=AT2
ATRT=SATRT*DRS*0.001
C
C 5) MMF FOR ROTOR CORE
C *********************
C
RCPATH=PI*(RDIA-0.002*DRS-DSC)/(3.*POL)
 ATRC=SATSC*RCPATH
C
C TOTAL MMF
C *********
TAT=ATG+ATSC+ATST+ATRT+ATRC
CIM=(0.427*POL*TAT)/(AKW*TS)
CINL=(CIM**2+CIL**2)**0.5
RNLC=CINL/CI1
C
C COPPER LOSS
C ***********
SCLP=2.*SCML*TS
RS=0.021*SCLP/CONA
SCLOS=3.*RS*CI1**2
RB=SPRB*BLTH/BARA
BCLOS=S2*RB*CIB**2
RE=SPRE*PI*DEM*1./ERAR
ECLOS=2.*RE*CIE**2
RCLOS=BCLOS+ECLOS
TCLOS=SCLOS+RCLOS
STRAY=5.*RKW
C
C EFF,NLPF,SLIP
C *************
RROT=(S2*RB)+2.*RE*(S2/(POL*3.14))**2
TFR=6.*TS*AKW/S2
RSR=TFR**2*RROT/3.
EFF=RKW*1000./(1000.*RKW+NLL+TCLOS+STRAY)
C
RM=ES/CIL
XM=ES/CIM
PFNL=CIL/CINL
C STRAY=5.*RKW
SLIP=RCLOS/(1000.*RKW+RCLOS+FWL+STRAY)
C
C LEAKAGE REACTANCE
C *****************
PSS=AMEW*(H1/(3.*WSS)+(H2/WSS)+(2*H3/(WSS+WS0))+H4/WS0)
SSLR=8.*FREQ*PI*TS**2*SLTH*PSS/(POL*QS)
C
PRS=AMEW*(DRB/(3.*WRS)+(HR2/WRS)+(2*HR3/(WRS+WR0))+HR4/WR0)
RPRS=PRS*AKW**2*(S1/S2)
RSLR=8.*FREQ*PI*TS**2*BLTH*RPRS/(POL*QS)
C
OP=SKS*AMEW*(POLP**2)/(3.14*YSS)
OLR=400.*3.14159*TS**2*OP/(POL*QS)
QR=S2/(3.*POL)
XZ=(5.*XM/54.)*(1./(QS**2)+1./(QR**2))
C
XL=SSLR+RSLR+OLR+XZ
C
XS=SSLR+XZ+0.5*OLR
XR=RSLR+0.5*OLR
C
C FULL LOAD POWER FACTOR
C **********************
G1=RM*XM**2/(RM**2+XM**2)
G2=RM**2*XM/(RM**2+XM**2)
G3=((RSR*G1/SLIP-XR*G2)*(RSR/SLIP+G1)+(RSR*G2/SLIP+XR*G1)
1*(XR+G2))/((RSR/SLIP+G1)**2+(XR+G2)**2)
G4=((RSR/SLIP+G1)*(RSR*G2/SLIP+XR*G1)-(XR+G2)*(RSR*G1
1/SLIP-XR*G2))/((RSR/SLIP+G1)**2+(XR+G2)**2)
PFFL=(RS+G3)/(((RS+G3)**2+(XS+G4)**2)**0.5)
C
C STRATING CHARACTERISTICS (SLIP included in theta)
C ************************
THETA=0.1*DRB*((WRB/WRS)*SLIP)**0.5
V=(2.0*THETA)
B1=SINH(V)
B2=SIN(V)
A8=COSH(V)-COS(V)
C
B3=(B1+B2)/A8
B4=(B1-B2)/A8
KR=THETA*B3
KX=(1.5/(THETA))*B4
BRS=KR*RB
PRS1=AMEW*(DRB*KX/(3.*WRS)+(HR2/WRS)+
1 (2*HR3/(WRS+WR0))+HR4/WR0)
RSLR1=(PRS1/PRS)*RSLR
XXR=RSLR1+0.5*OLR
SRROT=S2*RB*KR+2.*RE*(S2/(3.14*POL))**2
SRSR=TFR**2*(SRROT/3.)
C
C TORQUE AND CURRENT RATIOS
C *************************
C1=1.+(RS/RM)+(XS/XM)
TFL=(3.*ES**2*RSR/SLIP)/((RS+C1*RSR/SLIP)**2+(XS+C1*XR)**2)
TST=(3.*ES**2*SRSR)/((RS+C1*SRSR)**2+(XS+C1*XXR)**2)
TRT1=TST/TFL
TMAX=(3.*ES**2)/(2.*C1*(RS+(RS**2+(XS+C1*XR)**2)**0.5))
TRT2=TMAX/TFL
C
CIST=ES/((RS+C1*SRSR)**2+(XS+C1*XXR)**2)**0.5
CFL=ES/((RS+C1*RSR/SLIP)**2+(XS+C1*XR)**2)**0.5
STCR=CIST/CFL
C
SCR=RSR/(RS^2+(XS+C1*XR)^2)^0.5
PFSC=(RS+SRSR)/((RS+SRSR)^2+(XS+C1*XXR)^2)^0.5
C
C TEMPERATURE RISE OF STATOR
C **************************
C OUTER CYLINDERICAL SURFACE AREA
SPS=PI*SYN*DIA
VA1=SPS
A1SSO=3.14159*OD*SLTH
C INNER CYLINDERICAL SURFACE AREA
OHL=SLTH+0.025*(0.001*ES+3.+YSS/4.)
A2SSI=PI*DIA*OHL
C DUCT SURFACE AREA
A3SSD=PI*(OD**2-DIA**2)*(2.+ND)/4.
C COOLING COEFFTS.
SCO=0.03
SCI=0.04/(1.+0.1*VA1)
SCD=0.15/(0.1*VA1)
SLOS=(SCLOS*SLTH/SCML)+TIL
STRISE=SLOS/(A1SSO/SCO+A2SSI/SCI+A3SSD/SCD)
C TEMP.RISE OF ROTOR
C ******************
RPS=PI*RDIA*SYN
VA2=RPS
A1RSO=PI*(RDIA*BLTH)
C
A2RSD=PI*(RDIA**2-RSID**2)*(2.+ND)/4.
C COOLING COEFFTS.OF ROTOR
RCO=0.033/(1.+0.1*VA2)
RCD=0.15/(0.1*VA2)
RTRISE=(RCLOS+FWL)/(A1RSO/RCO+A2RSD/RCD)
C
C WRITE(*,500) TO WRITE(*,800) SHIFTED TO MAIN BODY
C & COMMON/DESN1/... TO COMMON/DESN33/... ADDED.
C
C G(I)>=0.
F=TC
G(1)=2.-BT1
G(2)=75.-STRISE
G(3)=0.5-RNLC
G(4)=EFF-0.8
G(5)=0.055-SLIP
G(6)=TRT2-2.0
G(7)=TRT1-1.0
G(8)=PFFL-0.8
G(9)=75.-RTRISE
C LOWER & UPPER LIMITS INTRODUCED FOR VARIABLES
G(10)=26500.-AC
G(11)=2.-PR
G(12)=3.5-AX
G(13)=0.035-DSC
G(14)=0.6-BAV
G(15)=12.-DELTA
 G(16)=12.-DELB
C
G(17)=AC-15000.
G(18)=PR-0.5
G(19)=AX-2.5
G(20)=DSC-0.02
G(21)=BAV-0.45
G(22)=DELTA-4.
G(23)=DELB-5.
C
COUNTC=COUNTC+1
WRITE (NO,360) COUNTC
360 FORMAT (2X,'COUNTC=',F10.1/)
C
C
C
DO 1 I=1,NC
IF (G(I).LT.0.0) F=F+R*(G(I)*G(I))
1 CONTINUE
C
RETURN
END
7
1
999
.5
22000.
1.
3.41
0.03
0.45
4.0
5.0
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
.002
100.
 SEQUENCE NUMBER = 1
R = 100.0000

1 POWEL-BOTM OPTIMIZATION ROUTINE

PARAMETERS

N = 7 MAXIT = 999 ESCALE = 0.50

INITIAL GUESSES

X( 1) = 2.20000000E+04 X( 2) = 1.00000000E+00 X( 3) = 3.41000009E+00 X(

4) = 2.99999993E-02 X( 5) = 4.49999988E-01 X( 6) = 4.00000000E+00 X( 7) =
5.00000000E+00

ACCURACY REQUIRED FOR VARIABLES

E( 1) = 2.000E-03 E( 2) = 2.000E-03 E( 3) = 2.000E-03 E(

4) = 2.000E-03 E( 5) = 2.000E-03 E( 6) = 2.000E-03 E( 7) =
2.000E-03
COUNTC= 1.0

COUNTC= 2.0

COUNTC= 3.0

COUNTC= 4.0

COUNTC= 5.0

COUNTC= 6.0

COUNTC= 7.0

ITERATION 1 7 FUNCTION VALUES F = 0.17447991E+04

0.22000002E+05 0.10000000E+01 0.34100001E+01 0.29999999E-01
0.44999999E+00 0.40000000E+01 0.50000000E+01
VA2= 13.21 A1RSO=0.1371 A2RSD= 0.07
RCO=0.0142 RCD=0.1136 RTRISE= 74.98

.
.
.
.
.
SEQUENCE NUMBER = 5
R = 62500.0000
1 POWEL-BOTM OPTIMIZATION ROUTINE

PARAMETERS

N = 7 MAXIT = 999 ESCALE = 0.50

INITIAL GUESSES

X( 1) = 2.20000156E+04 X( 2) = 9.27709937E-01 X( 3) = 2.49886918E+00 X(

4) = 2.59999987E-02 X( 5) = 4.90907043E-01 X( 6) = 1.20003119E+01 X( 7) =
8.89614487E+00

ACCURACY REQUIRED FOR VARIABLES

E( 1) = 2.000E-03 E( 2) = 2.000E-03 E( 3) = 2.000E-03 E(

4) = 2.000E-03 E( 5) = 2.000E-03 E( 6) = 2.000E-03 E( 7) =
2.000E-03
COUNTC= 13133.0

COUNTC= 13134.0

MAXIMUM CHANGE DOES NOT ALTER FUNCTION

VALUES OF THE VARIABLES

X( 1) = 0.22000018E+05

X( 2) = 0.92770994E+00

X( 3) = 0.24988692E+01

X( 4) = 0.25999999E-01

X( 5) = 0.49090704E+00

X( 6) = 0.12000312E+02

X( 7) = 0.88961449E+01

OPTIMUM VALUE OF F = 0.99482837E+03

BT1=0.9593 BT2=0.9569 RNLC=0.4750
EFF=0.7850 SLIP=0.0560 PFFL=0.8701
TRT1=1.3866 TRT2=2.1186 STCR=4.9773
STRISE= 70.6377 RTRISE= 74.9814

KR= 1.0001 KX= 1.0000

SCR= 0.2826 PFSC= 0.7189