Bago City College

Bachelor of Science in Information System

A Module on GEC 115 – Human Reproduction

Second Semester, SY 2021-2022

Prepared by:

Azucena R. Mateo, RN, MSCrim

 Republic of the Philippines
COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION
Higher Education Regional Office VI (HERO VI)
City Government of Bago
BAGO CITY COLLEGE
Rafael Salas Drive, Brgy. Balingasag, Bago City, Negros Occidental 6101
Tel: [034] 4611-363 | Fax: [034] 4610-546 | E-mail: bagocitycollege@yahoo.com.ph

_________________________________________________________________________

NAME: EMIL JOHN D. ELEFANTE

COURSE/YEAR/SECTION: BSIS 1B

CONTACT #: 09639955847

EMAIL: emiljohnelefante@gmail.com

INSTRUCTOR: MRS. AZUCENA MATEO

 Republic of the Philippines
COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION
Higher Education Regional Office VI (HERO VI)
City Government of Bago
BAGO CITY COLLEGE
Rafael Salas Drive, Brgy. Balingasag, Bago City, Negros Occidental 6101
Tel: [034] 4611-363 | Fax: [034] 4610-546 | E-mail: bagocitycollege@yahoo.com.ph

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

I.COURSE TITLE : HUMAN REPRODUCTION

II.COURSE OVERVIEW

A. INTRODUCTION

This course will explore on human reproduction from biological, cultural and
ecological point of view. It will include topics on reproductive anatomy and physiology,
reproductive biotechnology including contemporary heath and ethical issues and
common myths or misconceptions about reproduction. The course will also include
student led- discussions in the area and research articles from scientific journals about
environmental factors affecting sexual and reproductive health.

B. COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME

The goal of this course is to discuss human reproduction from biological, cultural
and ecological point of view. Specifically, after finishing this course, all BSIS students are
expected to be able to:

A. Discuss the importance and evolution of sexual reproduction

B. Describe the cell cycle, and how sexual reproduction passes chromosomes
from offspring

C. Describe normal male and female reproductive anatomy and list the major
reproductive hormones and their functions throughout the human life cycle.

D. Discuss common methods of birth control and infertility treatment

E. Discuss ethical issues related to human reproduction.

C. MODULES AND UNIT TOPICS

To ensure that you will demonstrate the above cited course learning outcomes
at the end of the semester, this module is divided into the following:
 MODULE 1: THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

This module describes the location, appearance, and functions of both male and
female reproductive system. It also explains how the organs in different body systems
function in relation to reproduction.

MODULE 2: STAGES IN THE REPRODUCTIVE LIFE

This module is about a general pattern evolves as an individual advances from
being an egg and sperm to a fertilized egg, to a child, and to an adult, and then to an
older person. This will also apply to promote physical health and identify their own
needs to achieve good health

MODULE 3. ISSUES RELATED TO REPRODUCTION

In this module wherein different issues related to reproduction health is discuss

and as a responsible and mature person should learn to clarify issues, listen to other’s
people point of view and try to understand and respect it.

III. COURSE STUDY GUIDE

The key to successfully finish this module lies in your hands. This module was
prepared for you to learn diligently, intelligently and independently as would-be future
IT specialist, doing these will greatly help and prepare you to become a great
mother/individual someday. Aside from meeting the content and performance
standards of this course in accomplishing the given activities, you will be able to learn
other invaluable learning skills which you will be very proud of as a responsible
learner. The following guide and house rules will help you further to on track and to
say at the end of the module, “I did well!”
1. TIME MANAGEMENT. For the whole semester, you will be
accomplishing three modules in which you can work your tasks per term period. This
means the in every term period you will accomplish one module and by the end of the
semester the whole module will have an output. One module for prelim, midterm and
final period.
2. STUDY HABIT. Doing what is required of you in each module can
be highlighted and can be presented in matrix form about the lists of things needed
and time schedule by posting it in your schedule log to avoid delay. Filing of
documents per activity and module is highly advised.
 3. SETTING GUIDELINES. Set guidelines how you will work your
module by logging it in your log book. Condition yourself to be guided with the criteria
and rubrics provided in the module. Provide yourself a notebook where you will write
your draft before finalizing your output for completion. Consider the idea that in
accomplishing all activities required of you in each module means allowing yourself to
pass the subject. In presenting all your output, develop this as your principle:
 write legibly with face value
 think before you write
 composed your answer in a complete and grammatically correct sentences
 Do not use abbreviation and ACRONYMs unless these are introduced in the
readings, and do not write in text-speak
 Avoid writing in all caps
 Do not write lengthy answers. Stick to the point. Be clear with your main point
and express it as concisely and possible. Do not let your discussion go astray.
 Work your module based on experience to come up with an output.
 Your family members and friends at home will support you but the activities

IV.STUDY SCHEDULE
LEARNING OUTCOMES ACTIVITIES
MODULE I The Reproductive System Activity: Word Hunt

PRELIM At the end of this module, Analysis: Video Analysis

PERIOD students must have:
Abstraction: Presentation of
2 weeks a. Identified the concepts of reproductive system.
different parts of Male
and Female Application: Situational Analysis
Reproductive System.
b. Recognized the
importance of Male
and Female
Reproductive System.
c. Analyzed the salient
features of Male,
Female Productive
System and other
system involved in
reproduction.

Module II THE STAGES IN THE Activity: Acrostic

REPRODUCTIVE LIFE
MIDTERM Analysis: Video Analysis
PERIOD At the end of this module,
students must have: Abstraction: Presentation of
2 weeks concepts of stages in the
a. Presented their reproductive life.
ideas and
perception Application: Situational Analysis
regarding HUMAN
LIFE.
b. Identified the
process of
fertilization to birth.
c. Recognized the
process of
fertilization to birth.

Module III ISSUES RELATED TO Activity: Acrostic

REPRODUCTION
FINAL Analysis: Picture Analysis
PERIOD After this lesson, students
will be able to: Abstraction: Presentation of
2 weeks concepts of issues related to
a. Presented their reproduction.
ideas about
Reproductive Health Application: Spoken Poetry
Law.
b. Determined the
sexually transmitted
diseases.
c. Created a piece of
Spoken Poetry
about Population
now a day, sexual
behavior of the
people towards the
society and social
awareness about
sexually transmitted
disease (STD).

V.EVALUATION

To pass this course, you must:

1) Read all the readings in this module.

2) Answer the print - based activities.
 3) Submit all the required outputs in each module.
4) Comply the practical requirements needed.
5) Accomplish the midterm and final examination.

A. Formative Assessment

You must answer all the pre-assessment and self-assessment activities. Your score
here will not be a part of your mid-term and final grade: but they will part of the
completion of your requirement in Human Reproduction. Thus, you are really expected
to complete all the pre-assessment and self-assessment activities. These activities will
help you determine your strengths and weaknesses in this course.

 You can answer the pre-assessment and self-assessment in the given schedule in
each unit. It is very important to schedule your work for you to organize your work
and time.
 In accomplishing formative assessment, you can ask help from your parents and
friends.

B. Summative Assessment

 Quizzes and Examination- there will be three (3) quizzes and three (2)
examinations to be given in this course.

VI.TECHNOLOGY TOOLS

For you to accomplish the activities, you will need the following software application,
EDMODO, MS Word, MS Powerpoint, or WPS Office and Video Editors. The application
can be found in your laptops or in your Zoom or Google Meet and try to participate in
the discussion if the condition will allow it.

VII.CONTACT AND INFORMATION OF THE FACILITATOR

You can contact me through my email address (azucena_mateo@yahoo.com.)

and cellphone no. ( 09126615574)

MODULE I

The Reproductive System

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME

At the end of this module the student must have:

 d. Identified the different parts of Male and Female Reproductive System
through word hunt.
e. Recognized the importance of Male and Female Reproductive System through
video analysis.
f. Analyzed the salient features of Male, Female Productive System and other
system involved in reproduction through situational analysis.

INTRODUCTION

The reproductive system is a collection of internal and external organs in both males
and females that work together for the purpose of procreating. Reproduction is the
process by which organisms make more organisms like themselves. But even though the
reproductive system is essential to keeping a species alive, unlike other body systems,
it's not essential to keeping an individual alive. In the human reproductive process, two
kinds of sex cells, or gametes (pronounced: GAH-meetz), are involved. The male gamete,
or sperm, and the female gamete, the egg or ovum, meet in the female's reproductive
system. When sperm fertilizes (meets) an egg, this fertilized egg is called
a zygote (pronounced: ZYE-goat). The zygote goes through a process of becoming an
embryo and developing into a fetus.

ACTIVITY: WORD HUNT

Instruction: Search the different words inside the box. Encircle the chosen word that
you have traced, and write your answer on the space provided.

V A B C D E F G H F T I J K S M L

L A U R E T H R A I E M U A E S A

N C S O P Q R S O M S T T V M C B

A O B D C D E F V B T G E A E R I

H L I J E K L M A R I N R G N O A

O O P Q R F S T R A C U U I A T M

V N W X Y Z E A Y E L P S N L U A

B C B L A D E R D E E E F A V M J

P R O S T A T E G E H N I J E L O

K L M N O P Q R S T N I W X S A R

E P I D Y D I M Y I S S Z A I P A

F A L L O P I A N T U B E A C R E

B C D C E R V I X E F G H I L C B
 A H Y M E N B C D E F G H I E E A

C E R V I C A L C A N A L J K M P

L A B I A M I N O R A L E O D F C

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

PENIS VAGINA

PROSTATE UTERUS
BLADER FALLOPIAN TUBE
COLON CERVIX
TESRICLE OVARY
SCROTUM CERVICAL CANAL
SEMENAL VESICLE RECTUM
URETHRA LABIA MAJORA
EPIDIDYMIS LABIA MINOR
VAS DEFERENS URETHRA
RECTUM FIMBRIA
HYMEN

ANALYSIS

VIDEO ANALYSIS
Instruction: Using this link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0ZuCilCu3E,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5OvgQW6FG4, watch a video attentively and
answer the follow up questions below.

1. How does the male and female reproductive system work?

The male gamete, or sperm, and the female gamete, the egg or ovum, meet in the female's
reproductive system. When sperm fertilizes (meets) an egg, this fertilized egg is called a zygote
(pronounced: ZYE-goat). The zygote goes through a process of becoming an embryo and
developing into a fetus.

2. What parts make-up the male anatomy?

The male reproductive system contains the external genitals (the penis, testes and the scrotum)
and internal parts, including the prostate gland, vas deferens and urethra. A man's fertility and
sexual traits depend on the normal functioning of the male reproductive system, as well as
hormones released from the brain.

3. What parts make-up the female anatomy?

A female's internal reproductive organs are the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. The
vagina is a muscular, hollow tube that extends from the vaginal opening to the uterus.

ABSTRACTION
The major function of the reproductive system is to ensure survival of the species. Other
systems in the body, such as the endocrine and urinary systems, work continuously to
maintain homeostasis for survival of the individual. An individual may live a long,
healthy, and happy life without producing offspring, but if the species is to continue, at
least some individuals must produce offspring. Within the context of producing
offspring, the reproductive system has four functions:

 To produce egg and sperm cells

 To transport and sustain these cells
 To nurture the developing offspring
 To produce hormones

These functions are divided between the primary and secondary, or accessory,
reproductive organs. The primary reproductive organs, or gonads, consist of the ovaries
and testes. These organs are responsible for producing the egg and sperm cells
gametes), and hormones. These hormones function in the maturation of the
reproductive system, the development of sexual characteristics, and regulation of the
normal physiology of the reproductive system. All other organs, ducts, and glands in the
reproductive system are considered secondary, or accessory, reproductive organs.
These structures transport and sustain the gametes and nurture the developing
offspring.

APPLICATION: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

INSTRUCTION: Read and understand the situation below and give your best to the
following questions, by writing your answer on the space provided.

Situation No. 1

Erectile dysfunction (impotence) is the inability to get and keep an erection firm enough
for sex. Having erection trouble from time to time isn't necessarily a cause for concern.
If erectile dysfunction is an ongoing issue, however, it can cause stress, affect your self-
confidence and contribute to relationship problems. Problems getting or keeping an
erection can also be a sign of an underlying health condition that needs treatment and a
risk factor for heart disease. Sometimes, treating an underlying condition is enough to
reverse erectile dysfunction. In other cases, medications or other direct treatments
might be needed.

1. If you were experiencing erectile dysfunction, how will you manage it and when
is the time to take extra precautions and consultations?

The first thing your doctor will do is to make sure you're getting the right treatment for any health
conditions that could be causing or worsening your erectile dysfunction.

Depending on the cause and severity of your erectile dysfunction and any underlying health
conditions, you might have various treatment options. Your doctor can explain the risks and benefits
of each treatment and will consider your preferences. Your partner's preferences also might play a
role in your treatment choices.
 Situation No. 2

Nearly 1 in 7 couples is infertile, which means they haven't been able to conceive a child
even though they've had frequent, unprotected sexual intercourse for a year or longer.
In up to half of these couples, male infertility plays at least a partial role. Male infertility
can be caused by low sperm production, abnormal sperm function or blockages that
prevent the delivery of sperm. Illnesses, injuries, chronic health problems, lifestyle
choices and other factors may contribute to male infertility. The inability to conceive a
child can be stressful and frustrating, but a number of treatments are available for male
infertility. The main sign of male infertility is the inability to conceive a child. There may
be no other obvious signs or symptoms. In some cases, however, an underlying problem
such as an inherited disorder, hormonal imbalance, and dilated veins around the testicle
or a condition that blocks the passage of sperm causes signs and symptoms. Signs and
symptoms you may notice include: Problems with sexual function — for example,
difficulty with ejaculation or small volumes of fluid ejaculated, reduced sexual desire, or
difficulty maintaining an erection (erectile dysfunction), Pain, swelling or a lump in the
testicle area. Recurrent respiratory infections, Inability to smell, Abnormal breast
growth (gynecomastia), Decreased facial or body hair or other signs of a chromosomal
or hormonal abnormality, A lower than normal sperm count (fewer than 15 million
sperm per milliliter of semen or a total sperm count of less than 39 million per
ejaculate).

1. What are the causes of infertility among male especially during ejaculation?

Male infertility can be caused by low sperm production, abnormal sperm function or
blockages that prevent the delivery of sperm. Illnesses, injuries, chronic health problems,
lifestyle choices and other factors may contribute to male infertility.

Situation No.3

If a female and male have sex within several days of the female's ovulation, fertilization
can happen. When the male ejaculates (when semen leaves the penis), a small amount of
semen is deposited into the vagina. Millions of sperm are in this small amount of semen,
and they "swim" up from the vagina through the cervix and uterus to meet the egg in the
fallopian tube. It takes only one sperm to fertilize the egg. About 5 to 6 days after the
sperm fertilizes the egg, the fertilized egg (pronounced: zygote) has become a
multicelled blastocyst. A blastocyst (pronounced: BLAS-tuh-sist) is about the size of a
pinhead, and it's a hollow ball of cells with fluid inside. The blastocyst burrows itself
into the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. The hormone estrogen causes the
endometrium (pronounced: en-doh-MEE-tree-um) to become thick and rich with blood.
Progesterone, another hormone released by the ovaries, keeps the endometrium thick
with blood so that the blastocyst can attach to the uterus and absorb nutrients from it.
This process is called implantation. As cells from the blastocyst take in nourishment,
another stage of development begins. In the embryonic stage, the inner cells form a
flattened circular shape called the embryonic disk, which will develop into a baby. The
outer cells become thin membranes that form around the baby. The cells multiply
thousands of times and move to new positions to eventually become
the embryo (pronounced: EM-bree-oh).

After about 8 weeks, the embryo is about the size of a raspberry, but almost all of its
parts — the brain and nerves, the heart and blood, the stomach and intestines, and the
muscles and skin — have formed. During the fetal stage, which lasts from 9 weeks after
fertilization to birth, development continues as cells multiply, move, and change.
The fetus (pronounced: FEE-tis) floats in amniotic (pronounced: am-nee-AH-tik) fluid
inside the amniotic sac. The fetus gets oxygen and nourishment from the mother's blood
via the placenta (pronounced: pluh-SEN-tuh). This disk-like structure sticks to the inner
lining of the uterus and connects to the fetus via the umbilical (pronounced: um-BIL-ih-
kul) cord. The amniotic fluid and membrane cushion the fetus against bumps and jolts
to the mother's body. Pregnancy lasts an average of 280 days — about 9 months. When
the baby is ready for birth, its head presses on the cervix, which begins to relax and
widen to get ready for the baby to pass into and through the vagina. Mucus has formed a
plug in the cervix, which now loosens. It and amniotic fluid come out through the vagina
when the mother's water breaks. When the contractions of labor begin, the walls of the
uterus contract as they are stimulated by the pituitary hormone oxytocin (pronounced:
ahk-see-TOE-sin). The contractions cause the cervix to widen and begin to open. After
several hours of this widening, the cervix is dilated (opened) enough for the baby to
come through. The baby is pushed out of the uterus, through the cervix, and along the
birth canal. The baby's head usually comes first. The umbilical cord comes out with the
baby. It's clamped and cut close to the navel after the baby is delivered. The last stage of
the birth process involves the delivery of the placenta, which at that point is called the
afterbirth. After it has separated from the inner lining of the uterus, contractions of the
uterus push it out, along with its membranes and fluids.

1. What happens if an egg is fertilized?

A pregnancy starts with fertilization, when a woman's egg joins with a man's sperm.
Fertilization usually takes place in a fallopian tube that links an ovary to the uterus. If the
fertilized egg successfully travels down the fallopian tube and implants in the uterus, an
embryo starts growing.

Assessment: Essay 5 points each

Instruction: Read and understand the question carefully. Write your answer on
the space provided and be guided with the scoring rubrics.

Indicator 5 4 3 2 1

Content

Organization of ideas
Grammar

Total

Considering their main functions, explain how these body systems are involved in
puberty, reproduction and pregnancy? 5 points each.

1. CirculatorySystem
The blood circulatory system, is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood
vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or
other vertebrate. It includes the cardiovascular system, or vascular system, that
consists of the heart and blood vessels

2. Immune System
The immune system protects your child's body from outside invaders. These include
germs such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and toxins (chemicals made by microbes).
The immune system is made up of different organs, cells, and proteins that work
together.

3. Musculoskeletal System
The musculoskeletal system includes bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments and soft
tissues. They work together to support your body's weight and help you move.
Injuries, disease and aging can cause pain, stiffness and other problems with
movement and function.

4. Respiratory System
The respiratory system is a biological system consisting of specific organs and
structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology
that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the
environment in which it lives and its evolutionary history.