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Yeliz Pinar Lesson Plan
Yeliz Pinar Lesson Plan
Yeliz Pinar Lesson Plan
DELTA
MODULE 2
DATE : 16.02.2022
TIME : 8:15 PM
The class that I am teaching for my Delta course is a small one. The participants of the course learn
English to develop their English skill for general purposes. Although the students are generally
university students, they are studying English not for their academic studies. They had English
courses in their universities and earlier studies. They want to gain the general knowledge of the
language to increase their ability to communicate in English. That's why it is important for them to
develop their different skills like speaking, reading, writing and grammar. One of them has travelled
abroad and she wants to continue her academic life to do her masters in another country. They are
generally at the pre-intermediate level; therefore, they have the basics of grammar, reading, writing
and speaking. They need to develop these skills by being taught more details of the use of language.
As a part of this course, reading skill carries a very significant role because they aim to continue
learning English for academic purposes and work life. Pre-reading stages will help them a lot
develop not only their efficiency in reading but also their vocabulary, speaking and writing skills.
The class consists of 7 students who has attended the class so far but only 6 of them attend regularly.
5 of them are female and two of them are male. Their ages are between 20 to 25. There are some
other students who join the class from time to time but unfortunately their attendance is very low. In
addition to those ones, there are more students on class roster but unfortunately, they have never
participated. Ibrahim has attended the lesson only once. He is also very inactive in the WhatsApp
group. We don’t know if he wants to quit or continue. Gokce has attended the class twice in five
weeks but she shows interest in the classes when she attends. Atakan, the only regular male student,
is very successful as he shows great interest in the language. He studied English more intensely than
the others. Pinar lacks some fluency in English but she has good understanding skills in reading.
Irem has some challenges to understand the spoken language from time to time and she seeks for
more explanation or repetition of the tasks. The students have good study habits as they do the given
tasks during the class time and extra work assigned after the lesson.
There are two teachers sharing the class and we meet them once a week on Wednesdays from 7 pm
to 9:15 pm. Each teacher has an hour-long lesson with the students. We are in touch with each other
to choose the units to be taught every week as we pay attention to follow subsidiary units and topic.
The students are taught different skills to develop their receptive and perceptive productive skills.
We do not follow a syllabus; however, we pay attention to follow a curriculum that is pre-
intermediate level. Both of us try to focus on different language systems and present the topics in
different skills on the same day. Pelin meets the students from 7 pm to 8 pm (Turkish time) and I
meet the students from 8:15 to 9:15 (Turkish time) after a 15-minute break. As the course does not
evaluate the students with a test or they are not supposed get certain grades to pass or fail, they are
not stressed. This makes the students feel more confident about the use of language and they are not
afraid of making mistakes. As a result, although the number of the students is low, there is a good
participation during the lessons. The students are eager to talk, share their opinions, do the tasks and
there is rarely a silent moment in the lesson. As the contact hour is too short with the students, we
created a WhatsApp group with the students. They write in English on this group and this keeps them
in touch with the course. Also, due to the lack of time during the classes, students send their
homework in the group, give feedback to each other, and they get feedback from the teachers. This
helps a lot to create an interactive atmosphere outside the class times. Although, most of the students
are female, there is not a problem about the share of the class work with the male student.
They like to work in groups and in pairs. They do peer-checks, group discussions and exercises
willingly. However, as most of them are university students, some of them feel pressure about their
own studies. Irem for example is a medicine student so she has a lot of work during her day. I feel
that she is stressed out. Once she mentioned that she doesn't like what she studies. I believe that this
makes her even more pressured to achieve in her university. Other than that, Atakan mentioned his
health problem he had in the near past as he had to fight against cancer at a very young age. Except
for his university, he is running a charity to help the children in need by gathering donations.
However, I do not feel that these factors negatively affect their participation in the lesson.
As the classes are after a long study or work day, I feel that it is important to include some activities
that will keep them active. The classes are online which restricts the activities that would require
moving around the classroom, so I try to include visuals, discussions, group work and speaking tasks
to increase their participation and interest. We use Zoom application for the class time which has
different tools for online learning. I activate the board, let them write on the slides by using
annotation. We also use polls to answer the questions, see the general idea on a topic, or to do the
exercises. In this way, they are more included in the lesson. Also, I get to see their spelling and
About the class's general level, the following points can be concluded:
They have good skills of understanding the written and spoken discourse. They can understand the
instructions with some minor challenges from time to time, they can read the reading passages at
their level without difficulty, they can state their opinions through group conversations and
individual talks, and write simple paragraphs to give their opinion about the topic. However, what
they lack is the use of grammar and fluency in speaking. I have realized that they have the idea about
their level appropriate grammar topics but they often make certain mistakes in the written and spoken
form. These mistakes are very common amongst the students whose L1 is Turkish and these
mistakes are generally like use of verb to be with another verb (he is study), use of gerund/infinitive
forms (I like study), use of auxiliary verbs in simple present tense (he don't know). This also affects
their writing as they cannot apply the grammar rules in their sentences. This makes it a bit
challenging to understand their real meaning but it doesn’t discourage them. As stated earlier,
because they don’t feel pressured about the grades or passing/failing the course, they don’t feel
their lack of practice outside the classroom and they don’t get the chance to speak a lot. It might be
the result of their previous studies in English as well because they might have studied English mostly
I would say that reading is their strongest skill. Given the level-appropriate reading texts, I haven’t
realized any major challenges they face while reading. They are also interested in the reading
passages, pre-reading stages, tasks during and after reading which makes it easy to study the skill
with them.
As for grammar, I have observed that they show great interest in learning the grammar points. In the
lead in stages, there is always very high participation. They listen to the grammar attentively, try to
understand their mistakes and later when they work on the follow up exercises I observe that they
make less mistakes. They tend to correct themselves and make their use of grammar much better.
However, some of them need to be more exposed to the reading and listening in L2 because they
have limited vocabulary while speaking. I also observe that they sometimes have difficulty in
understanding the questions or instructions due to the lack of vocabulary. It can be also because they
are not really exposed to the spoken form of the language outside the classroom as previously
mentioned. This might be dramatically affecting their fluency and understanding. I think they need to
Name
İrem She studied She is good at written She has difficulty She wants to She needs to
Sayın English in her and spoken form of in understanding continue her participate more in
university in language. She doesn’t some grammar education with group discussions
prep class for have problems in the structures while MA. She wants during the pre-
a year. listening. reading. to develop her reading.
reading skills
because she will
need it for
further
education.
Eylül She has She is eager to learn She has poor She thinks she She needs to
Evren experience in when she attends. vocabulary which needs to develop practice reading as
another However, she missed causes her not to her reading skills she has difficulty in
course for a the classes from time understand the understanding
month. to time. reading different grammar
She likes to work in structures and she
groups and is good at sometimes lacks
discussions before the vocabulary.
reading.
Miyase She studied She is a very According to a She has I think she is a good
Deniz English in her motivated student and pre-intermediate difficulty in student but she
Çam university in she attends the class level of student, understanding needs to improve her
prep class for regularly. She wants to she has very few different fluency which can
a year. do her MA and PhD in weaknesses. She grammar be possible by
the US or France with sometimes lacks structures in the joining more in the
a scholarship. She is fluency during the reading text. discussions during
very smart. She pre reading stage. the pre reading
produces a lot of At these moments, stage.
language during the she uses L1.
lessons in the written However, she tries
and spoken form. hard.
Atakan He studied in He is a very smart and For his level, he Atakan is good at
Sakaoğlu a military motivated student. He doesn’t have reading and
school and in shows that he loves weaknesses that I understanding pre-
the learning in every way. can observe. intermediate level
university, he His interest in learning texts. He rarely
took prep reflects on his learning misunderstands due
class for a a language as well. to different grammar
year. structures.
Pınar She studied She thinks learning She lacks She wants She doesn’t talk
Aksoy English in her English is very understanding of improve her much during the
university in important for the reading text reading speed. class time. That’s
prep class for everything in life. She sometimes due to why I need to ask
a year. wants to learn English lack of vocabulary. her direct questions.
especially for It will help her to
education and business participate more in
life and to go abroad in group discussions
the future. for her fluency as
well.
Gokce She studied She works and she She lacks fluency She wants to She participates in
Cetintas English in needs English for her while speaking develop her the group
high school. work life. She is and giving vocabulary to discussions during
motivated. She also feedback on the understand what the pre reading.
wants to learn English reading texts. she reads better. However, she needs
for general purposes to read more to
like travelling. develop her
vocabulary.
Ibrahim He joined the
lessons only
once so there
is no concrete
data about
him. He
hasn’t filled
in the learner
questionnaire.
5.b Aims
Main Aims:
predicted the main idea in the pre reading stage to lead them into the reading stage,
understood the importance their skimming and scanning skills to understand a text better;
Subsidiary Aims;
1. Spoken through some activities in the pre reading stage to activate their schemata
3. Written a short information paragraph as a follow up to practice the vocabulary they learn in
the lesson.
The main aim of this lesson is to increase the students’ participation in a reading class and
understanding a reading passage through some pre-reading activities and have a successful skimming
Pre-reading is a stage of a reading lesson which can increase the productivity of the lesson. It can
consist of the stages like a warmer or a lead in to set the scene, introducing the topic and pre-teaching
In the beginning of the lesson the students will be introduced about the topic and the lesson aims. To
activate their schemata, they will start with a discussion about the everyday items they use. This
activity will be done in groups and the students will discuss about their history as well. This stage is
going to give them chance to learn new information from their peers as well.
After the speaking and brainstorming stage, using the visuals will be utilized. This is another tool
which helps them be more involved in the topic. In every class, there are many visual learners.
Pictures are always useful to raise awareness about the topic. This will help especially the students
During the vocabulary check, the students will look the key words that are important for them to
engine:
Form: noun; used in collocations like car engine
Meaning/use: the part of the machine that gives it power
Pronunciation: /ˈendʒɪn/
drawing:
form: noun
meaning: a picture of something made with a pen or pencil
Pronunciation: /drɔːɪŋ/
History:
form: noun
meaning: refers to the events that happened in the past
Pronunciation: /ˈhɪst(ə)ri/
model:
form: noun
meaning: is an object that is a copy of something else
Pronunciation: /ˈmɒd(ə)l/
engineer:
form: noun
meaning: someone who works to build or fix things like machines, roads or bridges
pronunciation: /ˌendʒɪˈnɪə(r)/
float:
form: verb
meaning: to rest or move slowly on the surface of a liquid and not sink
pronunciation: /fləʊt/
sink:
form: verb
meaning: to disappear below the surface of the water
pronunciation: /sɪŋk/
*The meanings and the pronunciations of he words above are taken from:
https://www.macmillandictionary.com/
In addition to checking the meaning of the vocabulary, the students will be asked to give examples
for the things that sink and float in water, that have an engine and famous people from the history.
This activity will be used to reinforce the meaning of the key vocabulary.
The activities included in the pre-reading stage is important to let the students read without help in
the later stage of reading and activate their knowledge for skimming and scanning. It will help the
students gain confidence to read in L2 because realistically they cannot have a teacher with them all
the time to help them read something outside the classroom. Therefore, students have to develop the
ability to read on their own. It is possible for the teacher to gradually 'disappear' from the class
through the pre-reading activities. During the reading stage, the students will have enough schemata
Aebersold and Field say: “Reading in a second language is a dynamic and interactive process in
which learners make use of background knowledge, text schema, lexical and grammatical awareness,
L1- related knowledge, and real-world knowledge, as well as their own personal purposes and goals,
to arrive at an understanding of written material.” (1997) This clearly shows that before reading the
''The pre-reading stage is important, therefore, for building learners’ desire to read the text.
This can be partly achieved through promoting affective, as well as cognitive, engagement
with the material. Reading lessons are not only about the accurate decoding of words and messages,
but are also opportunities for learners to respond – either positively or negatively
– to the situations, characters and ideas found in the texts. Giving learners opportunities to
engage with material at an affective level, expressing feelings and emotions, both before
and after reading, is likely to support motivation.'' (2017). During the class, I will try to facilitate the
reading stages employed in this lesson. It will also help them understand that reading can be less
This class will be our fifth week with the learners and we already had two reading classes with them.
We had a class on the micro adventures about which they were eager to talk two weeks ago. By the
fifth week, the students will be familiar with the aims of the pre reading stages. Pre-reading activities
are important for every level to foster the understanding of what they read and make meaningful
connections. The students are pre-intermediate level so they need to practice the language in different
skills. They have the basic reading skills but as they need more challenge in their learning process,
improving their reading skill will help them get better in their use of language.
The students do not have to pass an exam or a test for the Delta course. However, some of them
mentioned that they want to take IELTS or TOEFL exam to study abroad for their masters. As a part
start motivating them to read to let the students feel more comfortable about their exams in the future
and increase their confidence while reading in the week 5. During this lesson, the students will
recognize the importance of understanding the pictures, titles and subtitles as a pre reading stage and
activate their schemata before they are engaged in the real text. Once they have the habit of giving
themselves time to prepare for reading, it will be effective to apply it for the later times while they
read a text.
The students do not have a time restriction so they have got enough time to practice their skills. This
will help in the following weeks of the course to practise those kinds of activities more. They will
have enough time to internalize these stages. For the following week, the students make a research
and prepare a ppt to make a short presentation. This will be useful for them to practice the
vocabulary the will learn during this lesson. The pre reading stages to be employed during this class
will help the students while making a presentation because they will have talked about the inventions
and inventors in this lesson which possibly will make them more confident and fluent to talk about
the topic.
5e. Assumptions:
The students in this Delta class are quite knowledgeable about the topics we discuss in the lesson.
Also, they generally show good performance in the vocabulary part before reading, they have high
participation in the discussions. As they show good interest in the pre reading stages, they generally
During the lesson, I believe that they will follow the same process without any confusion. While
discussing before the reading, students are generally interested in the group discussions. They like to
share their opinions with their peers and come up with their group idea. Therefore, I believe that they
will perform well while speaking about the topic of the reading. As the students are knowledgeable
about many things, I think this week's topic will be appealing for them because they can combine
their ideas about the technological devices that they frequently use today with their history.
As they are pre-intermediate level of students they need to focus on the vocabulary part to practice
the words used in the written and spoken forms. Most of the time they don’t find it challenging but it
is good to give them chance to practice the words they will see in the reading before the reading
stage. I believe that they also find this part useful because they feel engaged in the vocabulary as a
language system. As this class aims to be a communicative one, the students will be engaged in
learning the on the vocabulary, talking about it and using it in their own sentences during the pre
reading.
1- Due to the level of the students, they might have some fluency problems in the speaking part of
the pre-reading stage. They sometimes have difficulties in building the sentences because of their
lack of grammar and speaking practice. I will try to make them feel more comfortable by giving
them time to work in groups with other friends so that they can share their opinions first. In this way,
they can learn unknown words from each other and do the peer check.
2- The students may not know the vocabulary presented in the pre-reading stage. This might create
problems in their understanding later on when they are led in to the actual reading. To overcome this
problem, I will give them a vocabulary task and then they will check their answers with their friends
in break out rooms. In this case, it can be helpful to make each other explanations or giving the
meaning of the words in L1 for lower level students. If I observe that the students are not clear about
the meaning of the words after they come back, I will give them simple definitions and sample
sentences.
3- There might be some students who have no idea about the topic of the reading passage. In this
case, they will have nothing to share in the lead-in part so they might be silent. To avoid this
problem, I will activate their schemata by showing them some pictures and doing vocabulary tasks so
even if they have no idea, they will get some information. The lead in stage when they discuss the
technological devices they use in the modern life can help them recall their memory about their
4- This is an online class so there might be some technological problems during the class hour. There
might be an internet problem or a power cut. In this case, if it happens to one of the students, I will
continue with the rest of the lesson. If this problem occurs on my side, I will contact the students
through WhatsApp to stay online for a while and wait for me. If the issue is not solved during the
class time, we will have to continue the lesson the following week.
5- The students will have practiced to guess the topic of the week in the earlier weeks. They will be
introduced how to activate their schemata by looking at the titles and the subtitles of the text, the
visuals they are presented. In case there are students who still cannot figure out the topic, I will give
time to time, they may have difficulty in pronouncing some words. In this case I can use the drilling
7- The number of the students in the class is not really big so sometimes it is difficult to create
groups or pairs. In this case, I will try to arrange the numbers as equal as possible. If there are five
students in the class, in a pair work, one of the groups can consist of 3 people.
8- Some of the students are stronger than the others. Those ones generally take less time in
completing the exercises. I will ask the ones who finish to use 'raise the hands button' not to distract
the others. I can observe the time they take to complete the activities.
9- There might be a time restriction problem in the end of the class when they are supposed to write a
piece of short paragraph about some inventions. If I face this problem, I will assign it as a homework.
As they have done many times, they can send their paragraphs on WhatsApp. I can give them
10- The students can face difficulties in understanding the instructions. Sometimes they are too shy
to ask further explanations. I will try to include ICQs to make sure that they understand which points
they need to focus. This will reduce the confusion and it will ensure that everybody talks about the
same subject.
11- There might be one or two students who would like to take over the conversation, speak more
than the others or answer more questions than the others. If I realize that some of the students are
more silent, I will direct the question to these specific questions by calling out their names.
12- In the end of the lesson, once the students finish searching about their invention, I will ask them
to speak about it briefly. However, time restriction can be a problem one more time. In this case, I
will ask them to speak about it following week in the beginning of the class as reminder of the
previous week.
Technological devices to join the zoom meeting, preferably a lap top as they need to write on
5.k Commentary
According to my experiences with different level of students, what they bring to the reading affect
drastically their understanding of the reading the text. They will feel readier and more prepared to
read. By anticipating the topic, they get ready in terms of language, vocabulary and grammar that
they might come across in the text. In the later times, this is very helpful to increase the learners’
motivation as well because as reading will be no more a challenging skill for them in time. As I also
stated in my BE, there are many resources that confirm the value of pre-reading stages. Goudvis and
Harvey (2007) explain that our schema is the sum total of our background knowledge and
experiences that we bring to our reading. I believe that by providing the scaffolding for students,
teachers help them activate prior knowledge and become better readers. In this way, they can easily
follow the stages of the lesson. The flow of the learning process is going to be easier. I assume that
the text I included in my lesson plan is an interesting one for the students. To increase the
comprehension of their understanding, I include visuals, vocabulary check and activation of prior
knowledge.
As for the needs of my students, they lack fluency and vocabulary. I believe that pre-reading stage is
important for them because they need to feel prepared before reading. In many articles and studies I
have read while preparing my BE and lesson plan, I have seen that reading motivation is related to
the learners’ achievement. While trying to establish the activities before reading a text, my primary
Link to my BE:
While preparing my lesson plan, I have referred to many articles, books and researches. I am highly
encouraged to utilize differentiated prereading activities before readings because many surveys and
researches show that the students enjoy this stage and it increases their understanding of the text.
Cohen & Cowen states that L2 learners use their background knowledge because it helps them
remember and recall information stored away and allow them to use this memory to build upon what
they know as they learn new things. If a learner does not have the appropriate schemata built up, he
During this lesson, the activities for the lead in part will be used as pre reading stages to let the
students make logical connections between their earlier knowledge and the reading passage. I will
focus on stimulating students’ curiosity so that there is a desire to read the text. While doing that I
will pay attention not to reveal information that they are supposed to get from the text. I will keep in
mind that over scaffolding or pre reading will make the teacher do all of the work as a result of
Pre-reading: Before the students start the reading the text, I will show them some pictures and give
them a discussion topic. This help them share their opinions. It is also a warm up for the topic and
the students can activate their schemata. After the discussion part, they will check some vocabulary
that will appear in the text. This stage will help them understand the gist because the vocabulary can
give them hint about the topic. Also, it is useful for them because at the pre-intermediate level, they
need to revise the vocabulary before actual reading to avoid blocking their understanding during the
reading stage.
While reading: During the reading the students will be given time to skim the text first. To give
them a purpose, there will be some questions they need to answer. Then, they will scan the text to
understand more and answer another set of questions. Reading stage will be connected to the pre
reading so that there will be scaffolding of the lesson. In this way, the students will be more aware of
Post Reading: The students will be asked to do a writing activity during this stage. This will give
them a chance to produce knowledge in the end of the class by using the vocabulary they are taught.
This is also important to show the students that they can express their opinions on the given topic.
References:
Aebersold, J.A. and Field, M.L. (1997) From Reader to Reading Teacher. Cambridge: CUP.
Cohen, V. & Cowen, J. E. (2011). Literacy for Children in an Information Age: Teaching
Goudvis, A., Harvey, S. (2007). Strategies that work: Teaching comprehension for understanding
Watkins, Peter. (2017). Teaching and Developing Reading Skills. Cambridge University Press.
5.h Lesson Procedures
Stage
time Stage & stage Procedure Interaction Materials
aims
Pre Reading
10 mins Lead in: To The teacher starts the lesson by greeting the students. T - Ss Ppt slide 3
explore the theme T gives them the objectives of the lesson. S-S
by T shows the third slide to the Ss and asks them the list of the things they use. Ss go to Whole class
activating the break out rooms to talk about their answers for 5 minutes. class.
contextual and They will use their general knowledge to come up with their ideas about the topic.
schematic When Ss come back from the break out rooms, they talk about their ideas about what
knowledge they discuss in the break out rooms.
Pre Reading 5 min Lead in: Checking T shows them some items and asks if they know the inventor or history about the T - Ss Ppt slides
their knowledge invention. S-T 4 to 9
and skimming to After short feedback from the students, T shows them very short paragraphs and asks
find basic them to find the year they were invented and by whom they were invented.
information in a Then the T asks if they needed to read all the information in detail to find the answer.
simple text The Ss are expected to say they didn't read the information in detail. Then, the T asks
what helped them to find the information in those paragraphs. They are expected to say
that the numbers that show the years and the names of the people were the information
they were looking for.
5 minutes Checking the T shows them the vocabulary items on the Ppt and gives Ss 3 minutes to complete the Ss - T Ppt Slides
vocabulary before exercises in A and B. Ss have 3 minutes to complete the tasks. T - Ss 10 - 11
Preparing to reading Ss are asked to raise their hands as they finish the exercises not to disturb the others. T
read can follow the students pace not to spend more time than needed.
After all the students complete the exercises, they will check their answers on the
answer key and ask questions if they have any.
3minutes Checking the T asks the students to give ideas on each of the categories. T teachers asks different Ss - T Ppt Slide
understanding of students each time to make sure that all the students speak. 12
the vocabulary
before reading
While 2 minutes Predicting the T shows the Ss the title, a caption and some pictures of the reading. T asks them to tell T - Ss Ppt Slide
Reading topic of the their opinions about what the reading is about. Ss talk about their ideas after thinking S-T 14
reading and about it for a minute.
activating the
students
knowledge about
the topic of the
reading
5 minutes Reading the first T sends the students to the break out rooms for 3 minutes to read the first paragraph Ss - Ss Ppt Slide
paragraph to together. Ss are supposed to understand what the paragraph describes and what makes Ss - T 15
understand the it special.
topics T get feedback from the Ss about the answers. The whole class discusses for a minute.
5 minutes Reading the body T shows the students the exercises to complete the summary of the reading. Then Ss Ss Ppt Slide
of the reading are asked to read the text and fill in the blanks with the necessary information to fill in Ss - T 17
the gaps. The questions will appear on this students screens as a poll. After they finish Poll tool on
answering the questions, T will show them the result of the poll so the students can see Zoom
their mistakes if they have any.
7 minutes Reading to T shows Ss the last part of the reading. Ss take two minutes to read and understand Ss Ppt Slide
understand the how the process works. Ss- Ss 19 - 20
process described T sends the Ss to the breakout rooms to complete the chart about the process of how Ss - T
in reading the clock works for 3 minutes. T - Ss
When they come back, T shows them the answers. Ss compare their answers with the
answer key.
Post 10 Evaluation of pre T gives the students pre reading questionnaire to get feedback about the stages that Ss PPT 21
Reading minutes reading activities were used in the beginning of the lesson. Ss - T
and raising Students marks their opinions about options. T - Ss
awareness T tells the students the importance of information given around the reading text like
headings and subtitles and activating their schemata
Homework 3 To have the T shows the Ss some inventions and Ss will choose one of them. They will scan the qr Ss Ppt slide 21
students write a code on their selected ppt and go to a website where they can read more about the Ss - T - 23
short research invention. They work individually on the task for the next week.
about the newly Ss will find some information about the invention and prepare a ppt to talk about it in
practiced the following lesson for 1 – 2 minutes.
vocabulary and
the topic.
To have the Ss do
extensive reading
about the topic of
the lesson outside
the class
Materials