CHAPTERWISE QUESTIONS OF BOARD PAPERS

Chapter 1. Reproduction in Organisms (05)

One mark questions
1. Define parthenogenesis. (March 2015)
2. Define embryogenesis. (July 2015)
3. Mention the asexual reproductive structures of Penicillium. (July 2015)
4. What are Hermaphrodites? (March 2017)
5. Mention the asexual reproductive structure in sponges. (March 2017)

Two marks questions

1. Distinguish between homogametes and heterogametes. (March 2014)
2. What are hermophrodites? Give any two examples. (July 2014)
3. Differentiate between menstrual cycle and oestrus cycle. (March 2015)
4. Differentiate seasonal breeders form continuous breeders. (March 2016)
5. What are hermaphrodites? Give two examples. (July 2016)
6. What are vegetative propagules? Give two examples. (July 2017)
7. What are Homogametes and heterogametes? (March 2018)
8. Distinguish between menstrual cycle and oestrous cycle. (July 2018)

Three marks questions

1. a) What are hermaphrodites? Mention one example b) Offspring of asexual reproduction are called
clones. Why? (March 2014)
2. Mention the reproductive propagules of Potato, ginger, onion, chrysanthemum, oxalis, Eichhornia.
(July 2014)
3. Name asexual reproductive structures in i) Hydra ii) Chlamydomonas iii) Penicillium (March 2015)
4. What is heterothallic condition? Differentiate between staminate and pistillate flowers. (July 2015)
5. What is parthenogenesis? Give two examples. (March 2016)
6. Name the vegetative propagules of the following plants; a) Agave b) Ginger c) Bryophyllum (July
2016)
7. Name the types of vegetative propagules in following plants: a) Potato b) Ginger c) Bryophyllum
(March 2017)
8. a) Differentiate between external fertilization and internal fertilization. b) Name the plant which
produces flowers once in 12 years. (July 2017)
9. Mention the vegetative propagules of the following plants: a) Water hyacinth b) Agave c) Banana
(March 2018)
10. Define asexual reproduction. Mention asexual reproductive structures of Penicillium and Sponge. (July
2018)

Chapter 2. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering plants (08)

One mark questions
1. Papaya plants exhibit xenogamy only. Why? (March 2015)
2. What is emasculation? (July 2017)

Two marks questions

1. Differentiate between Geitonogamy and Xenogamy. (July 2017)
Three marks questions
1. Briefly explain the structure of pollen grains. (March 2014) (July 2016)
2. Draw a labeled diagram of L. S. of typical angiosperm flower. (July 2014)
3. How pollination is achieved in Vallisneria and Sea grasses? (March 2015)
4. What are cleistogamous flowers? Write their significance. (July 2015)
5. What is artificial hybridization? By which technique is it achieved? (March 2016)
6. What is pollination? Mention any four features of wind pollinated flowers. (March 2017)
7. Draw a labeled diagram of T. S. of young anther. (March 2018)
8. Draw a neat labeled diagram of typical anatropous ovule of angiosperms. (July 2018)

Five marks questions

1. Describe the Outbreeding devices that prevent the autogamy. (March 2014) (July 2017)
2. What is double fertilization? Explain the structure of a fertilized embryo sac with a labeled diagram.
(July 2014)
3. Explain the transverse section of young anther with a labeled diagram. (March 2015)
4. Write the events of development of female gametophyte in correct order. (July 2015)
5. Explain the structure of megasporangium. (March 2016) (July 2016)
6. Describe the structure of pollen grain of angiosperms. (March 2017)
7. Draw and describe the structure of mature embryo sac of angiosperms. (March 2018)
8. a) What are false fruits? Give an example b) Write the characteristic features of insect pollinated
flowers. (July 2018)

Chapter 3. Human Reproduction (07)

One mark questions
1. What is ovulation? (March 2014)
2. Name the cells that secrete androgens. (March 2014)
3. What is menopause? (July 2014)
4. What is the term given to the temporary association between maternal tissue and foetal tissue? (July
2014)
5. Why is oxytocin necessary for parturition? (March 2015)
6. What is menarche? (March 2016)
7. Ovulation takes place on the 14th day of menstrual cycle. Why? (March 2016)
8. What is colostrum? (March 2016)
9. Mention the function of Sertoli cells of Testes. (July 2016)
10. Name the hormone secreted by corpus luteum. (July 2016)
11. What Implantation? (March 2018)
12. What is fetal ejection reflex? (March 2018)
13. Define menarche. (July 2018)
14. Name the hormone released by the ovary in the later phase of pregnancy. (July 2018)

Two marks questions

1. List any four hormones secreted by placenta. (March 2015)
2. Placenta is the structural and functional unit between foetus and maternal body. Substantiate the
statement. (July 2015)
3. List the hormones produced by the placenta during pregnancy. (March 2017)
4. Mention the accessory ducts of male reproductive system. (July 2017)
Three marks questions
Five marks questions
1. Draw a neat labeled diagram of human sperm. (March 2014) (July 2017)
2. Explain the process of spermatogenesis. (July 2014)
3. Draw a neat labeled diagram of sectional view of human female reproductive system. (March 2015)
(March 2016) (July 2016) (March 2018) (July 2018)
4. Draw a neat labeled diagram of human male reproductive system. (July 2015, March 2017)

Chapter 4. Reproductive Health (05)

1. Name the diagnostic test for AIDS. (July 2016)

Two marks questions

1. Mention any four sexually transmitted diseases. (March 2015)
2. Mention any two natural methods of birth control. (July 2016)
3. Write any two simple principles to prevent sexually transmitted diseases. (March 2017)
4. List any two modes of HIV transmission. (July 2017)

Three marks questions

1. Suggest any three assisted reproductive technologies to overcome infertility. (March 2015)
2. How do the following assisted reproductive technologies assist the couples to have children a) In vitro
fertilization b) Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer c) Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer. (July 2015)
3. What is infertility? Give reasons for infertility in humans. (March 2017)

Five marks questions

1. a) What is Medical Termination of Pregnancy? Mention the safe period for Medical Termination of
Pregnancy b) Write three simple principles to prevent sexually transmitted diseases. (March 2014)
2. Mention any three reasons of population explosion. Name the permanent surgical contraceptive
procedures employed in human males and females. (July 2014)
3. What is infertility? How is infertility treated by assisted reproductive technologies like GIFT and ICSI.
(March 2016)
4. What is contraception? Briefly explain two barrier methods and two surgical methods to prevent
contraception. (July 2016)
5. What is infertility? Explain IVF-ET and ZIFT methods to assist infertile couples to have children. (July
2017)
6. a) What are the features of an ideal contraceptive? b) Mention the natural methods of contraception.
(March 2018)
7. a) Explain the following assisted reproductive technologies: i) IVF – ET ii) ZIFT iii) ICSH b) Name
any two hormones producing IUDs. (July 2018)

Chapter 5. Principles of Inheritance (10)

Two marks questions
1. What is test cross? Mention its significance. (March 2014) (July 2018)
2. Mention any four symptoms of Turner’s syndrome. (July 2014)
3. What are the conclusions drawn by T. H. Morgan from the crossing experiment in Drosophila with
respect to linkage? (March 2015)
 4. Mention the possible genotypes of A and B blood group individuals. (July 2015)
5. The shape of RBCs of Sickle cell anemia patients change to elongated sickle like structure. Give reason.
(July 2015)
6. Why has T. H. Morgan selected fruit flies for his genetic experiments? (March 2016)
7. Write four symptoms of Down’s syndrome. (July 2016) (March 2017)
8. What is incomplete dominance? Give an example. (March 2017)
9. What are Mendelian disorders? Give two examples. (July 2017)
10. Distinguish between homozygous and heterozygous plants. (March 2018)

Three marks questions

1. Mention the causes and effects of phenylketonuria. (March 2014)
2. What is male heterogamety? Explain the sex determination mechanism in humans. (July 2014)
3. What is aneuploidy? Write any four symptoms of Down’s syndrome. (March 2015)
4. Write the karyotype of the following syndromes: i) Down’s syndrome ii) Klinefelter’s syndrome iii)
Turner’s syndrome (March 2016)
5. Write the homozygous genotypes of A, B and O blood groups. (July 2016)
6. Briefly explain sex-determination in human being. (July 2017)
7. Describe the haplodiploidy sex determination in Honeybees. (March 2018)
8. Write a note on colour blindness. (July 2018)

Five marks questions

1. Write the schematic representation of dihybrid cross and mention the result (March 2014) (July 2014)
(July 2017) (July 2018)
2. With reference to flower colour in snapdragon, explain incomplete dominance. (March 2015) (July
2015) (July 2016)
3. a) What are multiple alleles? Give an example b) Write the symptoms of Klinefelter’s syndrome.
(March 2016)
4. Explain Mendel’s experiment to describe inheritance of one gene with reference to height of pea plant.
(March 2017) (March 2018)

Chapter 6. Molecular basis of Inheritance (10)

1. Lactose is termed as inducer in lac operon. Give reason. (July 2015)
2. Define transcription. (July 2015)
3. What is Euchromatin? (March 2017)
4. Why DNA replication is called semiconservative? (March 2017)

Two marks questions

1. tRNA is an adaptor molecule. Comment. (March 2015)
2. Codon AUG has dual function – Justify. (March 2017)
3. What are the criteria of DNA to act as a genetic material? (March 2017)
4. Mention the criteria for a molecule that can act as a genetic material. (July 2017)

Three marks questions

1. RNA polymerases in eukaryotes show division of labour. Substantiate. (March 2015)
2. Mention any three applications of DNA finger printing technique. (July 2017)
Five marks questions
1. Mention the steps involved in DNA finger printing. (March 2014) (July 2014) (July 2018)
2. List the salient features of Human Genome. (March 2014) (March 2016) (March 2017)
3. Describe the regulation of Lactose operon. (July 2014) (July 2016) (March 2018)
4. Describe the process of DNA replication with the help of a diagram. (March 2015)
5. Describe Griffith’s experiment to show transformation in bacteria. (July 2015)
6. Describe the process of translation of mRNA. (March 2016) (July 2015)
7. List out the salient features of double helix model of DNA. (July 2016)
8. Enumerate any five salient features of genetic code. (July 2017)
9. Oswald Avery and others have continued Griffith’s transforming principle to prove DNA as genetic
material. Substantiate. (March 2018)
10. a) Mention the chemical linkages between the components of DNA b) Differentiate between
euchromatin and heterochromatin. (July 2018)

Chapter 7. Evolution (06)

One mark questions
1. What is gene pool? (March 2014)
2. Define Adaptive radiation. (July 2014)
3. Give an example for adaptive radiation. (March 2017)
4. What is saltation? (July 2015)
5. Name the theory which attempts to explain origin of Universe. (July 2016)
6. Define genetic drift. (July 2017)
7. Define Saltation. (March 2018)
8. Which is the fish caught in South Africa in 1938, which was thought to be extinct? (July 2018)

Two marks questions

1. What are homologous organs? Mention any two examples. (March 2014) (July 2014)
2. What are analogous organs? Give an example. (March 2016) (July 2018)
3. What is adaptive radiation? Give an example. (July 2016)
4. Write any two factors affecting Hardy – Weinberg principle. (March 2017)
5. Mention any two examples of evolution by anthropogenic action. (March 2018)

Three marks questions

1. List the period, brain capacity and probable food of Homo erectus stage of human evolution. (March
2014)
2. Draw a labeled diagram of Stanley Miller experimental set up. (July 2014)
3. Name the stages of human evolution in correct sequence. (July 2015)
4. State Hardy-Weinberg principles. Mention any two factors that affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
(March 2016)
5. Differentiate between homologous and analogous organs by giving plant examples. (July 2016)
6. What are analogous organs? Give any two examples. (March 2017)
6. State Hardy-Weinberg principle of genetic equilibrium. Write any four factors affecting the
equilibrium. (March 2018)
7. Define adaptive radiation. Give two examples. (July 2018)
Five marks questions
1. With the help of neat labeled diagram explain Stanley Miller’s experiment in support of chemical
evolution. (March 2015) (July 2017)

Chapter 8. Human health and Diseases (07)

One mark questions
1. Name the causative agent of Elephantiasis. (March 2014)
2. What is an allergy? (March 2014)
3. What are benign tumors? (July 2014)
4. Name a causative organism of pneumonia. (March 2015)
5. Name the plant from which cocaine is obtained. (March 2015)
6. Name the enzyme by which the HIV genome replicates in the host cell. (March 2016)
7. Name the disease diagnosed by Widal test. (March 2016)
8. What are interferons? (July 2016)
9. Name the causative agent of Elephantiasis (July 2017)
10. From which plant Morphine is extracted? (July 2017)
11. Name the type of antibodies produced during allergy. (March 2018)
12. Write the name of the toxic substance responsible for the fever and chill in Malaria. (March 2018)
13. Name the disease caused by Hemophilus influenzae. (July 2018)
14. Mention the type of antibody present in the colostrum. (July 2018)

Two marks questions

1. Differentiate between active immunity and passive immunity. (March 2014)
2. Draw a labeled diagram of the structure of antibody. (July 2014) (July 2018)
3. Distinguish between Benign tumour and Malignant tumour. (March 2015)
4. Draw a neat labeled diagram of antibody molecule. (March 2016)
5. What is innate immunity? Mention the two types of barriers. (March 2018)

Three marks questions

1. Briefly explain any three prevention and control measures of drug or alcohol abuse. (March 2014)
2. Name any three types of natural barriers with an example each. (July 2014)
3. Mention three types of Innate barriers of defense with an example each. (March 2015)
4. What is contact inhibition? Mention the types of tumours. (July 2015)
5. Mention any three characteristics of cancer cell. (March 2016)
6. Name the pathogen, vector and symptoms of malaria. (July 2016)
7. Mention the types of carcinogen with an example for each. (March 2017)
8. a) Differentiate between active immunity and passive immunity. b) Define allergy. (July 2017)
9. Sketch the diagram representing the replication of Retrovirus in animal cell. (March 2018)
10. What is biopsy test? Mention any two techniques of cancer detection. (July 2018)

Five marks questions

1. Name the cells involved in cell mediated specific immunity. (July 2014)
2. Write the diagrammatic representation of life cycle of HIV. (July 2015)
3. Name the disease caused by following organisms: a) Rhino virus b) Epidermophyton c) Salmonella
typhi d) Wuchereria malayi e) Plasmodium vivax (March 2017)
Chapter 9. Strategies for enhancement in food production (08)
One mark questions
1. Plant cells are totipotent. Why? (March 2014)
2. Define totipotency. (July 2014)
3. What are somaclones? (March 2016)
4. Name a new breed of sheep developed in Punjab by cross breeding technique. (July 2017)
5. Define Totipotency. (March 2018)
6. Why meristems are preferred in tissue culture? (July 2018)

Two marks questions

1. Write a note on selection and testing of superior recombinants in plant breeding. (March 2014)
2. Mention any two steps followed in increasing the milk yield in dairy form management. (July 2014)
3. Write a note on single cell protein. (March 2015)
4. What is inbreeding depression? How is it controlled? (March 2016)
5. What is cross-breeding? Name a new breed developed by crossing Bikaneri ewes and Marino rams.
(July 2016)
6. Define apiculture. List any two economic importance it. (July 2017)
7. Which are the important components of poultry farm management? (March 2018)
8. Mention the objectives of biofortification. (July 2018)

Three marks questions

1. Single cell proteins can be used as an alternate source of proteins for human nutrition. Illustrate with
two examples. How tissue culture can be applied to recover healthy plants from virus infected plants.
(July 2015)
2. Write the meaning of following: a) Explant b) Totipotency c) Somaclones (March 2017)

Five marks questions

1. a) Discuss the MOET technique of animal breeding b) Differentiate between inbreeding and
outbreeding. (March 2014)
2. What is poultry? What are the steps followed in poultry management. What is interspecific
hybridization? Give an example. (July 2014)
3. a) Write the steps involved in multiple ovulation and embryo transfer b) Differentiate between out
crossing and cross breeding. (March 2015)
4. Explain the types of outbreeding processes employed to improve desirable qualities in animals. Write
any two processes dealt with to increase the yield and quality of milk in dairy farm management. (July
2015)
5. What is inbreeding? Mention the significance of inbreeding. (March 2016)
6. Give the meaning of the following terms; a) Explant b) Totipotency c) Somaclones d) Somatic hybrids
d) Micropropagation (July 2016)
7. What is Bee-keeping? Write any four points for successful Bee-keeping. (March 2017)
8. What is tissue culture? Mention any four applications. (July 2017)
9. Explain the following terms: a) Inbreeding depression b) Interspecific hybridization c) Biofortification
d) Micropropagation e) Somaclones (March 2018)
10. Describe the various steps of plant breeding programme. (July 2018)
Chapter 10. Microbes in Human welfare (06)
One mark questions
1. Mention the bacterium responsible for the large holes seen in “Swiss cheese”. (March 2014)
2. What are biofertilizers? (July 2014)
3. Mention the use of Cyclosporin A. (March 2015)
4. Name the fungus that produces cyclosporin A. (July 2015)
5. Mention the use of statin. (March 2016)
6. Which bioactive molecule is used as immune suppressive agent? (July 2016)
7. Name one microbe used in the production of single cell protein. (July 2016)
8. Name the microbe used in the production of citric acid. (March 2017)
9. What are flocs? (July 2017)
10. Mention the role of Methanogens in the rumen of cattle. (March 2018)
11. Mention the commercial importance of Monascus purpureus. (July 2018)

Two marks questions

1. Discuss the role of fungi as biofertilizers. (March 2015)
2. Draw a neat labeled diagram of Biogas plant. (July 2016)

Three marks questions

1. Draw a neat labeled diagram of typical Biogas plant. (March 2015)

Five marks questions

1. Briefly describe the role of biological control of pests and diseases. (March 2014)
2. Explain the process of sewage treatment. (July 2014)
3. Describe the parts of biogas plant with a labeled diagram. (July 2015)
4. Explain the role of microbes in ‘Industrial Products’. (March 2016)
5. Explain the role of microbes in house-hold products. (July 2016)
6. Describe the biogas plant with a neat labeled diagram. (March 2017)
7. Describe the role of microbes in biofertilizers. (July 2017)
8. Describe the role of microbes in sewage treatment plant. (March 2018)
9. a) Draw a neat labeled diagram of typical Biogas plant b) Mention the beneficial role of anaerobic
bacteria in secondary sewage treatment. (July 2018)

Chapter 11. Biotechnology: Principle and Processes (06)

One mark questions
1. Define polymerase chain reaction. (March 2014)
2. What is polymerase chain reaction? (July 2014)
3. Mention the technique used to separate DNA fragments in rDNA technology. (March 2015)
4. Retroviruses are disarmed before using to deliver desirable genes into animal cells. Why? (July 2015)
5. Name the molecular scissor used in recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology. (March 2016)
6. What are plasmids? (July 2016)
7. What is Microinjection? (March 2017)
8. What is downstream processing? (July 2017)
9. Write the restriction site or EcoRI. (March 2018)
10. Mention the importance of selectable markers in plasmids. (July 2018)
Two marks questions
1. Draw a neat labeled diagram of stirred tank bioreactor. (March 2014)
2. Classify restriction enzymes. Mention the function of each. (July 2015)
3. Draw a neat labeled diagram of a typical agarose gel electrophoresis. (March 2016)
4. Mention two techniques to make Host competent in r-DNA technology. (July 2016)
5. What is the significance of selectable marker in cloning vector? (March 2017)
6. Define polymerase chain reaction. Name the enzyme used in it. (July 2017)
7. Write the methods to introduce Alien DNA into host cells. (March 2018)
8. What are palindromic nucleotide sequences? Write the restriction site for EcoRI enzyme. (July 2018)

Three marks questions

1. Mention the different steps of process of recombinant DNA technology. (March 2014)
2. Draw a labeled diagram of plasmid pBR322. (July 2015) (July 2017) (March 2018)
3. Explain in brief the separation and isolation of DNA fragments. (March 2016)
4. Draw a labeled diagram of stirred tank bioreactors. (July 2016) (March 2017)
5. Write the important use of the following in r-DNA technology: a) PCR b) Ethidium bromide c)
Bioreactor (July 2018)

Five marks questions

1. Give the diagrammatic representation of formation of rDNA. Write a note on Downstream processing.
(July 2014)
2. Explain the feature of cloning vectors. (March 2015)

Chapter 12. Biotechnology and its Applications (05)

One mark questions
Two marks questions
1. What is gene therapy? Name the disorder to which clinical gene therapy was given first. (July 2015)

Three marks questions

1. In which way genetically modified plants are useful. (July 2015)

Five marks questions

1. “One of the applications of biotechnology is the production of insect resistant crop plant”. Justify the
statement with reference to Bt cotton. (March 2014) (July 2016)
2. What is Biopiracy? Comment on the Biopiracy of Basmati rice. What are genetically modified crops?
Give example. (July 2014)
3. a) Development of Bt cotton has reduced the use of insecticides. Justify b) Write an note on gene
therapy. (March 2015)
4. a)What is gene therapy? Give an example b) Write a note on Biopiracy with reference to ‘Basmati Rice’.
(March 2016)
5. a) What is Biopiracy? b) How ADA deficiency cured by gene therapy? (March 2017)
6. What is RNA interference? How does RNA interference helps to develop resistance in tobacco plant
against Nematode infection? (July 2017)
7. One of the applications of biotechnology is to get pest resistant plants. Justify the statement with
reference to Bt cotton. (March 2018)
8. List the benefits of transgenic animals. (July 2018)
Chapter 13. Organisms and Populations (06)
One mark questions
1. Define Mortality. (March 2014)
2. Define Natality. (July 2014)
3. What are eurythermal organisms? (July 2015)
4. How do some species of insects and frogs avoid being detected easily by the predators? (March 2016)
5. State Gause’s competitive exclusion principle. (July 2016)
6. Define Mortality. (March 2017)
7. State Allen’s rule. (July 2017)
8. What are eurythermal organisms? (March 2018)
9. Why mammals of colder climate generally have shorter ears and limbs? (July 2018)
Two marks questions
1. What is commensalism? Give an example. (July 2014)

Three marks questions

1. Explain Brood parasitism and sexual deceit as an interaction of species with an example each. (March
2015)
Five marks questions
1. a) State “Gauss competitive exclusion principle” b) Mutualism is a method of population interaction.
Explain with examples. (March 2014)
2. Define the following terms: i) Commensalism ii) Brood parasitism iii) Mutualism (July 2015)
Mention the four basic processes that fluctuates the density of population in a given habitat. (July 2015)
2. a) What is adaptation? b) Write the causes and symptoms of ‘Altitude sickness’ c) What is Brood
parasitism? Give an example. (March 2016)
3. What is population growth? Explain factors responsible for fluctuating population density. (July 2016)
4. Explain mutualism with examples. (March 2017)
a) List the responses of living organisms to abiotic responses b) What is commensalism? Give an
example. c) Name the type of interaction between algae and fungi in lichens. (July 2017)
5. a) What are ectoparasites and endoparasites? b) List any three parasitic adaptation in animals (March
2018)
6. a) Write any four factors that influence population density b) Draw a graph showing exponential
growth curve c) What is sexual deceit? (July 2018)

Chapter 14. Ecosystem (06)

One mark questions
1. Give an example of gaseous cycle. (July 2014)
2. What is detritus? (March 2015)
3. Given an example for gaseous cycle. (March 2017)

Two marks questions

1. Name the pioneer species in primary succession on rocks and primary succession in water. (July 2015)

Three marks questions

1. a) Distinguish between primary productivity and secondary productivity in an ecosystem b) Define
food web. (March 2014)
 2. a) Draw an ideal pyramid of energy and mention the units b) What is an ecological succession? (March
2014)
3. Explain the role of any three abiotic factors in an ecosystem. (July 2014)
4. What is ecological succession? Distinguish primary succession from secondary succession. (March
2016)
5. With reference to ecological succession define the following terms: i) Climax community ii) Sere (s) iii)
Pioneer species. (March 2016)
6. What are biogeochemical cycles? Mention two types by giving an example for each. (July 2016)
7. Write the diagrammatic representation of pyramid of energy. (July 2016)
8. a) Mention the functional components of ecosystem. b) What is trophic level? (July 2017)
9. Write the schematic representation of phosphorus cycle. (July 2017)
10. Write a short note on ecosystem services.
11. What is ecological succession? How hydrarch succession is different from xerarch succession. (March
2018)
12. What are ecological pyramids? Draw an ideal pyramid of energy and mention its units. (July 2018)
13. Describe the process of primary succession on bare rocks. (July 2018)

Five marks questions

1. What is ecological pyramid? Explain the pyramid of energy with a labeled sketch. (July 2014)
2. a)What is ecological succession? b) Represent an ideal pyramid of number in a grassland ecosystem c)
Name the two types of nutrient cycle with an example each. (March 2015)
3. Explain the different steps involved in the process of decomposition. (July 2015)
4. a) What is ecological succession? b) Write types of plant succession c) Represent pyramid of number
in grassland ecosystem. (March 2017)

Chapter 15. Biodiversity and Conservation (04)

One mark questions
1. How does fragmentation of large habitats due to human activities lead to population decline? (July
2015)
2. Define Endemism. (March 2017)
3. Mention a biodiversity hot-spot in India. (July 2017)

Two marks questions

1. Introduction of some alien species causes biodiversity loss. Justify the statement with an example.
(March 2014)
2. What are sacred grooves? Mention any two examples. (March 2014)
3. Mention any two effects of loss of biodiversity. (July 2014)
4. What are sacred grooves? Give an example. (July 2014)
5. Write two examples for loss of biodiversity due to alien species invasion. (July 2015)
6. Define biodiversity. Write any two types of biodiversity. (March 2016)
7. Name any four recent extinct organisms as per IUCN Red list. (March 2016)
8. “Alien species invasion leads to extinction of indigenous species”. Justify the statement by considering
two animals as examples. (July 2016)
9. What is ex-situ conservation? Mention two examples. (July 2016)
10. Define endemism. Name any two regions of accelerated habitat loss in India. (March 2018)
11. Invasion of Alien species eliminates the native animal species. Give two examples. (March 2018)
 12. Name any two species which have become extinct due to overexploitation. (July 2018)
13. What are sacred grooves? Name any two sacred grooves of India. (July 2018)

Three marks questions

1. a) What is endemism? b) Mention ‘The Evil Quartet’ of biodiversity loss. (March 2015)
2. Mention three causes for biodiversity loss. (March 2017)
3. a) Mention any two causes of biodiversity losses. b) What are endemic species? (July 2017)

Chapter 16. Environmental Issues (06)

One mark questions
1. What is global warming? (March 2014)
2. What is biomagnification? (March 2015)
3. Disposal of sewage into water without proper treatment may cause outbreak of serious diseases. Give
reason. (July 2015)
4. Define reforestation. (March 2016)
5. Define Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). (July 2016)
6. What is Eutrophication? (March 2017)
7. Name the chemical compound responsible for the depletion of ozone layer. (July 2017)
8. Define biomagnification. (March 2018)
9. Name the unit used to measure ozone layer thickness. (July 2018)

Two marks questions

Three marks questions
1. What is biomagnification? Name any two non-biodegradable pollutants. (March 2014)
2. Compressed natural gas is better than diesel. Comment or Justify. (2014)

Five marks questions

1. Define pollution. With reference to water pollution, explain biochemical oxygen demand, algal bloom,
biomagnification and eutrophication. (March 2014)
2. a) What are the effects of ozone depletion? b) BOD is an index of water pollution. Comment. (March
2015)
3. What is eutrophication? Discuss the phenomenon of accelerated eutrophication. (July 2015)
4. Write a brief account functioning of ‘Electrostatic Precipitator with diagram. (March 2016)
5. Discuss the consequences of Global warming and ozone depletion. (July 2016)
6. Write a brief account of electrostatic precipitator with a neat labeled diagram. (March 2017)
7. What is global warming? Mention the causes and effects of global warming. (July 2017)
8. Write a note on the following: a) Radioactive wastes b) Joint forest management (March 2018)
9. Write a short note the following: (July 2018)
a) Green house gases
b) Catalytic converter
c) Ultraviolet – B
d) Ozone layer
e) Electrostatic precipitator