Developmental Psychology - Studoc

| PSYC6201 - DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY |
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Early adulthood begins in the late teens or

True
early twenties and lasts through the thirties
Developmental Psychology focuses on
biological, socio-emotional and cognitive True
processes which affect human development.
TRUE OR FALSE: The mesosystem involves
the relationships between the microsystems in True
one's life.
Late Adulthood is a time of life review,
True
retirement and new social roles.
The _____ is a setting that affects an
individual despite the fact that the person is Exosystem
not being an active participant.
TRUE OR FALSE: According to the ecological
theory, if the relationships in the immediate
microsystem break down, the child will not True
have the tools to explore other parts of his
environment.
This characteristic of development pertains to
the setting within which development takes
Contextual
place as influenced by historical, economic,
social, and cultural factors.
This set of processes that affect an individual's
development include the inheritance of genes
from parents, the development of the brain,
Biological processes
height and weight gains, changes in motor
skills, the hormonal changes of puberty, and
cardiovascular decline among others.
The direct environment people have in their
lives with which there is direct social Microsystem
interactions.
In 1882, developmental psychology emerged
as a specific discipline when Wilhelm Preyer
published a book where he described the The Mind of the Child
development of his daughter from birth to two
and a half years. The title of the book was:
This characteristic of development means that
developmental changes occur naturally and in
all directions, not in a solid path. Development
Multidirectional
is a continuity of change that produces gains
or losses which will prove to enhance future
change
This characteristic of development explains
that development consists of biological, Multidimensional
cognitive, and socio-emotional aspects
Andy got married and relocated out of the city
temporarily. This situation reflects which of the Chronosystem
following systems?
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IDENTIFICATION:_____ It includes the

transitions and shifts in one's lifespan. This
Chronosystem
may also involve the socio-historical contexts
that may influence a person.
The developmental period of transition from
childhood to early adulthood starts at 3-5 False
years and ends at 18-22 years.
This system encompasses the cultural
environment in which the person lives and all Macrosystem
other systems that affect them.
The "bioecological" approach to human
development broke down barriers amongthe
social sciences, and built bridges between the
disciplines that have allowed findings to True
emerge about which key elements in the larger
social structure, and across societies, are vital
for optimal human development.
Developmental Psychology does not focus on
how people grow and change over the course False
of a lifetime.
FILL IN THE BLANK: The Macrosystem
Cultural Environment
encompasses _____ in which the person lives.
Faridah wears a hijab wherever she goes. This
Macrosystem
situation falls under which of the following?
Developmental Psychology did not
True
immediately begin as a discipline.
TRUE OR FALSE: The Microsystem involves
the relationships between the exosystems in False
one's life
The attachment between the child and the
caregiver has to be reciprocal. One person
True
may have an attachment to an individual while
the other may not.
The mesosytem involves the relationships
True
between the microsystems in one's life.
The mesosystem is the direct environment we
False
have in our lives.
Iconic representation involves the storage of
information in the form of a code, such as False
language.
In adults, attachment towards the child
includes responding sensitively and True
appropriately to the child's needs
Charles Darwin published his book The Mind
of the Child which was based on his False
observations of his son.
According to the Ecological Systems Theory,
Everything in their surrounding environment
which of the following affects a person's

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development the most?

Family, friends, classmates, teachers,
neighbors and other people in your community Microsystem
are under which of the following system?
TRUE OR FALSE: The Macrosystem can
have either a positive or negative impact on a
True
person's development depending on his or her
cultural environment.
This system involves the relationships
between the people in the direct environment Mesosystem
in one's life.
This characteristic of development explains
that development progresses through a span
Lifelong
of time with different points in the life of a
person.
Older adults who have already stopped
learning are more flexible and are more
Exosystem
capable of engaging in more adaptive
behaviors.
Which of the following was added by
Chronosystem
Bronfenbrenner as a fifth system?
This characteristic of development refers to a
Plastic
person's capacity for change.
The early developmentalists focused on the
True
mind of the child.
the development of the brain, height and
weight, are examples of biological processes True
that affect human development.
Older adults who have already stopped
learning are more flexible and are more
False
capable of engaging in more adaptive
behaviors.
Maria's mother threw her a birthday party
where her relatives, friends, classmates, and
Mesosystem
teachers attended. This situation reflects
which of the following systems?
An example of enactive representation is a
True
baby remembering how to shake a rattle.
Attachment in children is usually manifested
by seeking proximity with the attachment True
figure when upset or threatened.
Attachment theory states that a strong
emotional and physical attachment to at least
True
one primary caregiver is critical to personal
development.
The Ecological Systems theory states that we
are mere recipients of the experiences we False
have when socializing with the people in the

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microsystem environment.
During the asocial attachment stage, infants
enjoy human company and most babies False
respond equally to any person giving care.
Your reactions to the people in your
microsystem will affect how they treat you in True
return.
This factor that contributes to human
development pertains to the environment
Nurture
within which the development process takes
place.
IDENTIFICATION:____ It refers to a setting
that does not involve the person as an active
participant, but still affects him/her. This
Exosystem
includes decisions that have bearing on the
person, but in which they have no participation
in the decision-making process.
This factor that contributes to human
development pertains to the process of Nature
biological inheritance and maturation.
TRUE OR FALSE: Relationships in a
False
Microsystem are non-directional.
In the study conducted by Rudolph Schaffer
and Peggy Emerson, all of the babies were True
studied in their own home.
Harlow and Zimmerman's famous experiment
showed that infants developing a close bond False
depending on their hunger satisfaction.
Refers to the distress level when a child is
away from person giving care and the degree Separation Anxiety
of comfort felt on return.
Konrad Lorenz developed the ethological
theory that newborn animals tend to form a True
bond with their caregiver.
John Bowlby defined attachment as a "lasting
psychological connectedness between human True
beings."
Attachment Theory states that infants seek
close proximity with their caregivers because True
they seek security and comfort
(0 to 6 weeks) Many kinds of stimuli, both
social and non-social, produce a favorable Asocial
reaction from the child, such as a smile.
Infants until 6 weeks are in the indiscriminate
attachment stage manifested by the favorable
True
reaction they make to many kinds of stimuli,
both social and non-social.
During 0 to 6 weeks of age, infants have False

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already developed a special preference for a

single attachment figure.
Infants indiscriminately enjoy human company
True
during 6 weeks to 7 months old.
(10 months and onwards) The baby becomes
increasingly independent and forms several Multiple Attachment
attachments.
(6 weeks to 7 months) Infants enjoy human
company and most babies respond equally to
Indiscriminate Attachment
any person giving care. They get upset when
an individual ceases to interact with them.
The degree that a child looks at the person
giving care to check how they should respond Social Referencing
to something new
Enactive representation involves the encoding
and storing of action-based information in a True
person's memory.
In 1877, this significant figure conducted the
first systematic study of developmental
psychology through detailing the development Charles Darwin
of his own son's innate forms of
communication.
A child being affected by a parent receiving a
promotion at work or losing their job is an False
example of a macrosystem.
A child being affected by a parent receiving a
promotion at work. This reflects which of the Exosystem
following?
The macrosystem includes the transitions and
shifts in one's lifespan. According to a majority
of research, children are negatively affected
on the first year after the divorce. The next False
years after it would reveal that the interaction
within the family becomes more stable and
agreeable.
Children who have Disorganized Attachment
True
engage in stereotypical behaviors.
According to Bowlby, attachment can be
True
understood within an evolutionary context.
The accurate and helpful response to a baby's
Sensitive responsiveness
signals.
Refers to a measure of a child's response to
Stranger Anxiety
the arrival of a stranger.
The lasting psychological connectedness
Attachment
between human beings.
Children with Avoidant Attachment show a
clear preference for the caregiver (e.g., False
avoiding strangers).

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(7 to 9 months) The baby looks to particular

Specific Attachment
people for security, comfort and protection.
A strong emotional and physical attachment to
at least one primary caregiver is critical to Attachment theory
personal development.
The government of a country is an example of
True
a macrosystem
A child with insecure avoidant attachment
False
seeks the attachment figure when distressed.
he concept of Spiral Curriculum involves
information being structured so that complex
ideas can be taught at a simplified level first, True
and then re-visited at more complex levels
later on.
According to Bruner, even the most complex
material, if properly structured and presented,
can be understood by very young children.
Spiral curriculum
Complex ideas can be taught at a simplified
level first, and then re-visited at more complex
levels later on. This concept refers to
According to Bruner, the Iconic Representation
involves storing of information in the form of a
code or symbol, such as language. The words
False
and symbols are abstractions, they do not
necessarily have a direct connection to the
information.
Jerome Bruner published the study titled Value
and Need as Organizing Factors in
Perception, in which poor and rich children
True
were asked to estimate the size of coins or
wooden disks the size of American pennies,
nickels, dimes, quarters and half-dollars.
Jerome Bruner's cognitive development theory
Constructivist theory
is a
For Bruner, the goal of education should be to
True
create
Autonomous learners
create
According to Lev Vygostky, learning begins
False
with an action, feeling, and manipulating.
Cognitive growth involves an interaction
between basic human capabilities and
True
"culturally invented technologies that serve as
amplifiers of these capabilities."
This refers to Jerome Bruner's cognitive
development theory itself which means that
Discovery learning
learning is an active process in which learners
construct new ideas or concepts based upon

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their current/past knowledge and by exploring

as opposed to being told about something.
This stage of cognitive representation involves
an internal representation of external objects
visually in the form of a mental image. For
Iconic representation
example, a child drawing an image of a tree or
thinking of an image of a tree would be
representative of this stage.
Spiral Curriculum requires students to
False
construct their own knowledge for themselves.
A teacher applying discovery learning Facilitates the learning process
This stage of cognitive representation is when
information is stored in the form of a code or
symbol such as language. Each symbol has a
Symbolic representation
fixed relation to something it represents. For
example, the word 'dog' is a symbolic
representation for a single class of animal.
According to Jerome Bruner, the outcome of
Thinking
cognitive development is
Iconic Mode of Represetation is where
information is stored visually in the form of True
images.
the encoding and storage of information.
There is a direct manipulation of objects Enactive representation
without any internal representation of the
objects.
The Scaffolding Theory involves the helpful,
structured interaction between an adult and a
True
child with the aim of helping the child achieve
a specific goal.
Lev Vygotsky coined the term "scaffolding" to
describe the way children often building on the False
information they have already mastered.
According to Bruner, children learn best
through building on the information they have
already mastered with the help of adults or Scaffolding
peers who are more knowledgeable in a
particular area. This process is called
The concept of Spiral Curriculum involves
ideas can be taught at a simplified level first, True
later on
Defense Mechanisms are invented by the ego
in order to resolve conflict between the Id and True
the superego
One example of Projection defense False

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mechanism is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.

The unconscious mind can verbalize about
your conscious experience and you can think False
about it in an logical fasion.
The Ego is the part of the personality that is
aware of reality and is in contact with the True
outside world.
Freud argued that the individual's personality
should be in a state of dynamic equilibrium
(balance), and humans may suffer from True
psychological difficulties if there is too much id,
superego or a weak ego
The Ego can guide the individual towards
False
socially acceptable behavior.
The child's libido becomes dormant upon
True
reaching the Latency Stage.
According to Sigmund Freud, the ego dwells in
True
the conscious mind.
In the Phallic Stage, the child becomes aware
of anatomical sex differences, which sets in
True
motion the conflict between erotic attraction,
resentment, rivalry, jealousy and fear.
In 1905, Freud proposed that psychological
development in childhood takes place in a True
series of fixed changes.
This source of efficacy pertains to seeing
people (role models) similar to ourselves
succeed by their sustained effort, and raising
Vicarious Experiences
our beliefs that we too possess the capabilities
to master the activities needed for success in
that area.
Schemas enable us to form a mental
True
representation of the world.
According to Kohlberg, everyone achieves all
False
the stages of moral reasoning.
This is the child's understanding that
something stays the same in quantity even Conservation
though its appearance changes
Assimilation is the use of an existing schema
True
to deal with a new object or situation.
This refers to the knowing that an object still
exists, even if it is hidden or cannot be seen by Object permanence
the eyes
This was defined by Piaget as the basic
building block of intelligent behavior - a way of Schema
organizing knowledge.
The ability to imitate a behavior can be limited
Reproduction
by abilities to copy the behavior.

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This refers to thinking before imitation. This

occurs between observing the behavior and Mediational Process
imitating it or not.
This source of efficacy pertains to influential
people in our lives who can strengthen our Verbal Persuasion
beliefs that we have what it takes to succeed.
This is a mediational process in which the
extent to which we remember a behavior
Retention
affects the likelihood of it being imitated later
by the observer.
This refers to the force which drives the
learning process as we do not like to be
Equilibration
frustrated and will seek to restore balance by
mastering the new challenge.
At this stage, people begin to account for the
differing values, opinions and beliefs of other Social Contract and Individual Rights
people
According to Kohlberg people can only pass
through the levels of moral reasoning in the True
order that he listed.
In this stage of moral development, the child
does good things in order to be seen as a Good Interpersonal Relationship
good person by others.
This source of efficacy pertains to the
experience of success or failure in doing a
task or controlling an environment To have a
Mastery Experiences
resilient sense of self-efficacy requires
experience in overcoming obstacles through
effort and perseverance.
This source of efficacy pertains to the state we
Emotional and Physiological States
are in.
At this stage children recognize that there is
not just one right view that is handed down by
Individualism and Exchange
the authorities. Different individuals have
different viewpoints.
this theory explains that personality results
from the interaction of an individual's thoughts
Social Cognitive Theory
with inner qualities, self-beliefs, and
environmental cues.
This level of morality is based on the norms of
Conventional morality
the group to which the person belongs.
During the formal operational stage, the child
begins to have the ability to think about
True
abstract concepts and thinking in a formal
systematic way.
According to Jean Piaget's Cognitive
Development Theory, cognitive development True
is a progressive reorganization of mental

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processes as a result of biological maturation

and environmental experience.
Equilibration is when an existing schema does
not work and thus needs to be changed to False
deal with a new object or situation.
Cognitive development is a progressive
reorganization of mental processes as a result
True
of biological maturation and environmental
experience.
During the sensorimotor stage (birth - 2 years),
children tend to do a lot of exploring thus
True
making Piaget refer to them as "little
scientists."
This level of morality is based on individual
Post-conventional morality
rights and justice
The will to imitate a behavior is also based on
Motivation
rewards and punishment that follow a
Cognitions are the basic building blocks of
such cognitive models, and enable us to form False
a mental representation of the world.
This stage is where the child or individual
recognizes law and order as the primary Maintaining Social Order
source of morality.
This is a way of adapting or adjusting to the
environment through the use of an existing Assimilation
schema to deal with a new object or situation.
This level of morality is based on the physical
Pre-conventional morality
consequences of actions.
Children's symbolical thinking is manifested by
their ability to represent objects with images True
and words.
According to Jean Piaget's Cognitive
Development Theory, there are five stages of False
cognitive development.
Object permanence is knowing that an object
True
still exists, even if it is hidden.
This refers to the children's ability to work
things out internally in their head (rather than Operational thought
physically try things out in the real world)
During the concrete operational stage, the
False
child begins to learn to think hypothetically.
extent to which we notice a behavior affects Attention
the likelihood of the behavior being imitated.
This way of adapting or adjusting to the
environment happens when the existing
Accommodation
schema is changed in order to deal with a new
object or situation

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This involves adopting observed behaviors,

Identification
values, beliefs and attitudes of another person.
In this stage, the child does good in order to
Obedience and Punishment
avoid being punished.
This is the characterized by the child's difficulty
Egocentricism
taking the viewpoint of others.
People at this stage have developed their own
set of moral guidelines and principles which
may or may not fit the law. The person will be
prepared to act to defend these principles
Universal Principles
even if it means going against the rest of
society in the process and having to pay the
consequences of disapproval and or
imprisonment.
extent to which we notice a behavior affects Attention
the likelihood of the behavior being imitated.
This refers to individuals' beliefs about their
Self-efficacy
ability to succeed at a task.
Vygotsky places more emphasis on culture
affecting cognitive development. He assumes
that cognitive development varies across
True
cultures, whereas Piaget states cognitive
development is mostly universal across
cultures.
Private speech is, to a large extent, thinking in
False
pure meanings.
The Social Development Theory states that
development takes place before social
False
interaction; consciousness and cognition are
the results of socialization and social behavior
Piaget's term for the understanding that when
Object permanence
a person or object still exists when out of sight:
The processes through which children
internalize meaning in social interaction and Meaning-making
organize it in an internal psychological system
Social cognitive theory relates to learning by: Modeling Others
What level of Kohlberg's moral reasoning have
adolescents reached when they set their own Post conventional
internal standards for behavior?
Jose knows that when he goes out to dinner
he needs to follow certain rules and mind his
Conventional rule
manners at the table. Such standards are an
example of:
Jarred thinks he should obey his teachers only
if they are carefully watching him. Kohlberg
Preconventional
would suggest that Jarred demonstrates a(n)
________ morality

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Refers to the speech used to talk to others

Social speech
(typical from the age of two).
The importance of schemas was most clearly
Piaget's cognitive development theory
highlighted by:
Johnny is playing in his crib when his teddy
bear Mr. Peeps falls under the crib. Johnny
Object permanence
cries knowing that Mr. Peeps exists
somewhere. Johnny is demonstrating -
Who discovered that people can learn new
information and behaviors by watching other
Albert Bandura
people, also known as Social Cognitive
Theory?
MKO stands for More Knowledgeable Order. False
During Piaget's Sensorimotor stage, what is
the ability to flexibly altering existing schemas Accommodation
into new schemas called?
Vygotsky sees the More Knowledgeable Other
as the area where the most sensitive
instruction or guidance should be given, in False
order to allow children to develop skills which
they will use on their own
Albert Bandura's famous Bobo Doll
Experiment focused on what type of social Agressiveness
behavior?
Self-efficacy can be built when significant
people in our lives such as parents, teachers,
managers or coaches communicate to us in Verbal Persuasion
order to strengthen our beliefs that we have
what it takes to succeed.
According to Kohlberg's model, all of the
a focus on socially acceptable action is the highest
following statements about moral development
level of morality
are true except -
In order for observational learning to occur, the
observer must pay attention to the occurring
behavior, be able to remember observed
Reproduce the behavior
behavior, and be motivated to produce the
behavior. Which of the following is missing
from the above list?
A process in which a teacher or more
advanced peer helps to structure or arrange a
Apprenticeship
task so that a novice can work on it
successfully.
Speech that takes on a self-regulating
function. It is to a large extent thinking in pure Silent inner speech
meanings (typical from the age of seven).
Joey is watching a horse race. He knows that
his dog at home has four legs, a tail, and fur. Assimilation
When he sees the horses, he shouts out

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"Doggies." Joey is demonstrating -

ZPD stans for Zone of Proximal Development. True
Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers
containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid
are suddenly judged by a child to hold different Concept of conservation.
amounts after one of the beakers is inverted.
The child apparently lacks a:
Vigotsky suggests that teachers use
cooperative learning exercises where less
competent children develop with help from True
more skillful peers - within the zone of
proximal development.
According to Vygotsky, language develops
True
social interactions.
This comprise culturally determined methods
or materials that allow children to use the
Tools of intellectual adaptation
basic mental functions more
effectively/adaptively.
When Mika is asked why he should not hit his
brother, he responds, "Because Mommy says
so and if I do I will get yelled at." Mika's level of Obedience and Punishment
moral development fits with which of Piaget's
and/or Kohlberg's stages?
This is another route to self-efficacy through
the art of visualizing yourself behaving Imaginal Experiences
effectively or successfully in a given situation.
It is the difference between what a child can
achieve independently and what a child can
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
achieve with guidance and encouragement
from a competent person
Reciprocal teaching refers to the
contemporary educational application of True
Vygotsky's theories
This source of self-efficacy has to do with
success in mastering a task or controlling an
environment whereas a failure will undermine
that efficacy belief. To have a resilient sense Mastery Experiences
of self-efficacy requires experience in
overcoming obstacles through effort and
perseverance
As Shane and Deb are preparing their joint
yearly taxes, they consider not reporting
income that Deb received. Shane suggests
that misreporting their taxes could result in
fines and imprisonment. Deb suggests that conventional; conventional
such consequences would embarrass the
family and possibly ruin their children's future.
They subsequently decide not to misreport
income. In making this decision, Shane

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reflects the _____ stage of moral development

and Deb reflects the _____ stage.
The correct sequence of Piaget's stages of Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete
cognitive development are operational, formal operational
This is a source of self-efficacy pertaining to
the state a person is in including stress Emotional and Physiological States
reactions or tension, or positive emotions.
Which of the following is NOT one of the four
Defiance
elements of observational learning?
Which of Piaget's stages is associated with
Formal operation
adolescence?
According to Piaget's theory of Cognitive
Development, during which stage do children Concrete Operationa
develop the capacity for conservation?
Kevin and his friends dislike their seventh-
grade math teacher. They decide to scratch
his car in the school parking lot. Kevin knows
that this is wrong but doesn't want his friends Good Interpersonal Relationships
to think he isn't part of their group. According
to Kohlberg, what stage of moral reasoning is
Kevin in?
This source of self-efficacy is about seeing
people (role models) similar to ourselves
succeed by their sustained effort raises our
Vicarious Experiences
beliefs that we too possess the capabilities to
master the activities needed for success in
that area
Vygotsky's Theory of Social Development has
two important principles: the MKO and the True
ZPD
The importance of schemas was most clearly
Piaget's cognitive development theory
highlighted by:
Piaget's term for organized patterns of thought
Schemes
and behavior used in particular situations
Who discovered that people can learn new
information and behaviors by watching other
Albert Bandura
people, also known as Social Cognitive
Theory?
A process in which group members with
different levels of ability work together so that
Collaborative learning
more advanced peers can help less advanced
members operate within their ZPD.
A process in which teachers and students
collaborate in learning and practicing the skills
Reciprocal teaching
of summarizing, questioning, clarifying, and
predicting.
After Sai learned that penguins can't fly, she
Accommodation
had to modify her existing concept of birds.

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This best illustrates the process of -

Speech directed to the self and serves an
intellectual function (typical from the age of Private speech
three).
Refers to the interaction where the tutor
provides instructions to the child and the child
Cooperative or collaborative dialogue
seeks to understand the actions or instructions
provided by the tutor.
Iconic Mode of Represetation is where
information is stored visually in the form of True
images.
Lev Vygotsky coined the term "scaffolding" to
describe the way children often building on the False
information they have already mastered.
Enactive representation involves the encoding
and storing of action-based information in a True
person's memory.
According to Lev Vygostky, learning begins
False
with an action, feeling, and manipulating.
According to Sigmund Freud, during this
stage, the libido is centered in a baby's mouth.
It gets much satisfaction from putting all sorts Oral Stage
of things in its mouth to satisfy the libido, and
thus its id demands.
The unconscious mind can verbalize about
your conscious experience and you can think False
about it in an logical fasion.
According to Bruner, children learn best
through building on the information they have
already mastered with the help of adults or Scaffolding
peers who are more knowledgeable in a
particular area. This process is called
The libido now becomes focused on the anus
and the child derives satisfaction from Anal Stage
defecating.
This stage is from 1 to 3 years of age. Anal Stage
In 1905, Freud proposed that psychological
development in childhood takes place in a True
series of fixed changes.
One example of Projection defense
False
mechanism is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
The concept of Spiral Curriculum involves
True

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ideas can be taught at a simplified level first,

later on.
This stage takes place from birth until the first
Oral Stage
year of life.
It is a time of adolescent sexual
experimentation, the successful resolution of
Genital Stage
which is settling down in a loving one-to-one
relationship with another person
True
No psychosexual issues take place during this
stage. The libido is dormant. Freud thought
that most sexual impulses are repressed
Latency Stage
during this stage and sexual energy can be
sublimated towards school work, hobbies and
friendships
Beth wants to prevent her husband John from
. Encourage him to join activities for helping the
stagnating during middle adulthood. One of
youth
the things that she can do is:
Laura wants to develop baby James' ability to
trust. An example of the things she should do Carry him when he cries.
is:
This stage of cognitive representation is when
information is stored in the form of a code or
symbol such as language. Each symbol has a
Symbolic representation
fixed relation to something it represents. For
example, the word 'dog' is a symbolic
representation for a single class of animal.
The Scaffolding Theory involves the helpful,
structured interaction between an adult and a
True
child with the aim of helping the child achieve
a specific goal.
outside world
This refers to Jerome Bruner's cognitive
development theory itself which means that
learning is an active process in which learners
Discovery learning
construct new ideas or concepts based upon
their current/past knowledge and by exploring
as opposed to being told about something.
Jerome Bruner published the study titled Value
and Need as Organizing Factors in
Perception, in which poor and rich children True
were asked to estimate the size of coins or
wooden disks the size of American pennies,

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nickels, dimes, quarters and half-dollars.

Autonomous learners
create
Jerome Bruner's cognitive development theory
Constructivist theory
is a
The child's libido becomes dormant upon
True
reaching the Latency Stage.
True
outside world.
The Ego can guide the individual towards
False
socially acceptable behavior.
A teacher applying discovery learning Facilitates the learning process
This is from 5 or 6 to puberty Latency Stage
According to Jerome Bruner, the aim of
False
education should be to create flexible learners.
According to Bruner, discovery learning
implies that students construct their own
True
knowledge for themselves through exploring
ideas
According to Jerome Bruner, the outcome of
Thinking
cognitive development is
Iconic representation involves the storage of
information in the form of a code, such as False
language.
Rose wants to develop her son's sense of
. Encourage him to work on his school assignments
autonomy, instead of shame and doubt. She
and home chores
should:
According to Sigmund Freud, the ego dwells in
True
the conscious mind.
At this stage, the child becomes aware of
anatomical sex differences, which sets in
Phallic Stage
resentment, rivalry, jealousy and fear
According to Bruner, even the most complex
material, if properly structured and presented,
can be understood by very young children.
Spiral curriculum
Complex ideas can be taught at a simplified
level first, and then re-visited at more complex
levels later on. This concept refers to
an internal representation of external objects
Iconic representation
visually in the form of a mental image. For
example, a child drawing an image of a tree or

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thinking of an image of a tree would be

representative of this stage.
This is from 3 to 5 or 6 years of age. Phallic Stage
Evelyn wants to ensure that her nephew
Encourage him to explore various interests, fields
Orlando acquires a sense of identity and
of study and activities
develop virtue. She should
According to Bruner, discovery learning
implies that students construct their own
True
knowledge for themselves through exploring
ideas.
Defense Mechanisms are invented by the ego
in order to resolve conflict between the Id and True
the superego
Cognitive growth involves an interaction
between basic human capabilities and
True
"culturally invented technologies that serve as
amplifiers of these capabilities."
the encoding and storage of information.
There is a direct manipulation of objects Enactive representation
without any internal representation of the
objects
It is a time of adolescent sexual
experimentation, the successful resolution of
Genital Stage
which is settling down in a loving one-to-one
relationship with another person
The outcome of cognitive development is
True
thinking.
Which of the following refers to the intense,
enduring, social-emotional relationship that Attachment
develops between a child and a caregiver?
When two microsystems interact, Urie
Mesosystem
Bronfenbrenner would term this the:
Which of the following is true about describes the way children often build on the
Scaffolding? information they have already mastered.
In discovery learning, students perform tasks
True
to uncover what is to be learned.
MKO refers to anyone who has better
What is MKO? understanding or a higher ability level than the
learner.
People's expectations that they are capable of
performing a behavior that will produce self-efficacy
desired outcomes in any particular situation is

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called
Psychologist Albert Bandura is most closely
social cognitive learning
associated with
During which stage is children's developmental
Latency (6-12 years)
focus on studies?
Which of the activities below best
demonstrates discovery learning: When there allow for the free exchange of ideas, keep an eye
is some disagreement during class, the on things, and get involved only if needed
teacher should ________.
Which of the individuals below is in the Johnny who will propose marriage to his girlfriend
intimacy versus isolation stage? tomorrow
The school board passes a new rule that limits
the number of students allowed in each
classroom in order to enhance teacher-student Microsystem
relationships. This is an example of which of
Bronfenbrenner's environmental systems?
Chris who understands that the awkwardness he
Which of the individuals below is in the identity
feels due to his changing voice and physique is
versus confusion stage?
part of the growing up process.
If a child struggles to do well in school, what
Struggle with feelings of inferiority
problem might emerge?
This pertains to inborn traits or characteristics
Heredity
inherited from the biological parents
Vygotsky's theories feed into many current
competitive learning
interests except for:
Fred was on the verge of resigning from his
work due to his perception that his supervisor
was not recognizing his efforts. However, his
wife and his father encouraged him to hang on
because they believe that he had the
Verbal Persuasion
necessary soft and hard skills to keep growing
on the job. Fred heeded their advice and gave
his job his best. One year later, he was
promoted as unit supervisor. Fred's efficacy
belief originated from:
To guide one in performing socially-acceptable
What is the function of the "superego"?
behavior
After 3-month old Ana hit the toy piano bars at
the foot of her crib and made a musical sound,
Enactive
she intentionally kicked her feet to hit it. What
stage of representation is Ana at?
Which technique is LEAST likely to raise self-
increased emotional arousal
efficacy?
Education, training, and rehabilitation of
individuals bank on the capacity of individuals
Plasticity
for change. This characteristic of development
pertains to which of the following
A schema is a: Category of knowledge that allows us to interpret

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- A.C.M.
and understand the world

The crisis that arises in young adulthood is
Intimacy vs. Isolation
concerned with:
What do people face during each psychosocial
stage that can serve as a turning point in Conflict
development?
. Mary who is thinking hard whether she should
Which of the individuals below is in the
contribute to the business startup money of her
generativity versus stagnation stage?
son or not.
Ahmira has no problem going to work and
leaving her one-year old daughter Jaja with
her mother-inlaw, sister-in-law or a nanny
Multiple Attachment
because she doesn't show any distress being
left with them. Jaja is in what stage of
attachment development?
Knowing that someone grew up before TVs
existed is an example of understanding Chronosystem
someone based on their ______.
During a workshop on self-awareness, the Yellow candy: State their names, their companies,
facilitator asked the participants to pick one of and their jobs.
three colored candies. Based on the color of Red candy: Narrate a peak moment in their lives as
the candies, the participants have to say leaders Green candy: Share a dream that they
something about themselves as follows: repeatedly have
The red candy taps on which part of the mind? Preconscious
Dr. Aryan's major research interest is the long-
term effects of child-rearing practices on the
psychological adjustment of offspring. It is Developmental
most likely that Dr. Aryan is a(n) ________
psychologist.
According to Piaget, during which stage do
children develop the capacity for Concrete Operational
conservation?
This characteristic of development is
evidenced by development consisting of
Multidimensional
biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional
dimensions.
View of human development that sees the
individual as inseparable from the social Contextual
context.
Mary is carefully studying how her classmate
demonstrated the dance steps before she
Mediational processes
performs them. What Mary is doing mentally is
called:
Babies whose needs are not met during the
Oral Stage may grow up to become nail biters True
or smokers.
The yellow candy taps on which part of the
Conscious
mind?

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Which of these is MOST likely to increase self-

performance accomplishments
efficacy?
In order for observational learning to occur, the
observer must pay attention to the occurring
behavior, be able to remember observed
Reproduce the behavior
behavior, and be motivated to produce the
behavior. Which of the following is missing
from the above list?
Observational learning is said to take place
imitates the behavior of a model
when an individual
The father of the ecological systems theory. Urie Bronfenbrenner
The model in observational learning is the
is imitated by the learner.
person who
According to the ecological systems theory, a
child's development is best understood by the context of the child's environmental influences
examining which of the following?
According to Freud's theory of development,
during which stage is children's developmental Phallic (3-6 years)
focus on gender identity?
children exposed to an aggressive live model were
The study involving young children and a Bobo
more aggressive than children not subjected to an
doll found that
aggressive live model.
Vygotsky postulates that learning cannot be
True
seperated from its social context.
Introducing basic information on a topic early in
Which of the following BEST defines spiral
the year and complex forms of the same topic
curriculum?
later in the year
According to Freud, what is the function of the To mediate between impulsive drives and the
"ego"? reality.
Because it is the system where a person has the
Why is the microsystem the most influential
most direct contact with factors influencing
environmental level in a person's life?
development.
Anya wants to take the licensure examination
for psychologists. However, she does not feel
confident enough to take it because the stress
and demand of taking care of her sick father
Emotional and Physiological States
makes her feel drained physically and
emotionally. Her situation also prevents her
from reviewing for the examination. The
source of her efficacy belief is:
Two containers hold the same amount, but
Jane thinks that the taller, skinnier glass holds Absence of Conservation
more. This is known as:
According to Bandura, reinforcement is cognitively mediated.
Erik Erikson's interest in identity was greatly
Freud
influenced by:
What is the gap between a child's capacity to
Zone of proximal development
perform a task independently and the potential

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to perform it with assistance known as?

Four-month old Kuina smiles and laughs
whenever anyone plays peek-a-boo with her.
She also goes happily with whoever carries
Multiple Attachment
her. But she cries when she wants to be
breastfed. In what stage of attachment
development is Kuina?
The central theme of Erikson's theory of
Personality (WRONG)
psychosocial stages was the development of:
Incorporating new information into your
Accommodation (WRONG)
existing ideas is a process known as:
Stage 1. Obedience and Punishment (WRONG)
A child who refuses to help a classmate cheat Stage 5. Social Contract and Individual Rights
falls under which of the following stages? (WRONG)
Stage 4. Maintaining the Social Order (Not Sure)
Low self-efficacy and an unresponsive
learned helplessness. (WRONG)
environment are MOST likely to result in
Cyan became a paraphlegic after meeting with
an accident during paragliding. Watching other
PWDs on YouTube driving, working, engaging
in various productive activities makes him Mastery Experiences (WRONG)
firmly believe that he, too, possesses the
capabilities to perform the activities. The
source of Cyan's efficacy belief is:
Infant Jed smiles when people talk to him, and
even just when the toys hanging over his crib
Specific Attachment (not sure)
move and make a sound. Jed is in what stage
of attachment development?
Stage 6. Universal Principles (WRONG)
A child who shares her lunch with a classmate
Stage 5. Social Contract and Individual Rights
who forgot his falls under which stage?
(WRONG)
Successfully completing the eighth stage of Purpose (WRONG)
psychosocial development leads to the Wisdom (WRONG)
emergence of what quality? Hope (Not Sure)
During a workshop on self-awareness, the
facilitator asked the participants to pick one of
three colored candies. Based on the color of
the candies, the participants have to say
something about themselves as follows:
Yellow candy: State their names, their Conscious
companies, and their jobs. Red candy: Narrate
a peak moment in their lives as leaders Green
candy: Share a dream that they repeatedly
have The red candy taps on which part of the
mind?
Hans stole the medicine from the pharmacy
Stage 5. Social Contract and Individual Rights
because his sick wife's life depended on it. In
(WRONG)
what stage is Hans?

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Sharif has great confidence in himself as a

masseur. However, the economy in his city
has recently turned downward, and few people
self-efficacy; outcome expectations (Not Sure)
cannot afford a masseur. When Sharif applies
for a job at a spa, he will likely have high
______ and low _____.
Which is an example of the autonomy versus A preschooler insisting on wearing his shoes even
shame and doubt stage? if the left and right are interchanged
. the psychological needs of the individual
Erik Erikson defined psychosocial as involving:
conflicting with the needs of society.
Introducing basic information on a topic early in
Which of the following BEST defines spiral
the year and complex forms of the same topic
curriculum?
later in the year
Which of the individuals below is in the Jaja who looks back at her past life and wishes she
integrity versus despair stage? had spent more time with her loved ones.
Which perspective views human development
Psychoanalytic
as being shaped by unconscious forces?
According to Freud, which of the following is To push for the fulfilment of self-pleasure and
the function of the "id"? gratification.
an interaction process, by which socially and
For Vygotsky, knowledge and understanding
culturally determined competencies become
emerge through:
individualised.
Which of the following is NOT one of the four
Repetition
elements of observational learning?
According to Piaget, children are ______ in
Active
constructing their understanding of the world.
Emma was going to audition for a dramatic
role in a stage play. In order to give a good
performance, she created a drama scenario
with herself playing the role of an orphaned Imaginal Experiences
daughter. Playing the image in her mind gave
her the confidence to act during the audition.
The source of Emma's efficacy was:
Which of the following is an example of . Young women wear clothes styled like those of a
observational learning? popular actress
The link between the child's home and their
school is an example of the _______ in mesosystem
Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory
The English psychiatrist who presented his
first formal statements of ethologically based
attachment theory to the British
Psychoanalytic Society in 1957 where he John Bowlby
argued that mother-child attachment promotes
the child's survival by increasing mother-child
proximity.
The American psychologist who coined the
Jerome Bruner
term scaffolding is -
All of the following statements are true except According to Bowlby, the attachment between

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- A.C.M.
- individuals has to be reciprocal.

According to Freud, a person who had too
strict toilet training may be fixated at the Oral False
Stage.
hildren are active participants in an interactive
How did Vygotsky see children?
process
Dr. Katsuki is a psychologist who uses
observational learning to help parents reduce . help their children remember the behavior.
aggressiveness in their children. The first step (WRONG)
that he recommends is that parents
Which of the following provides the best
. Local government approves increased funding for
example of the macrosystem as described in
public school libraries. (WRONG)
Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory?
Bandura believes that learning is not facilitated by reinforcement. (WRONG)
A person who breaks a law she perceives as
Stage 5. Social Contract and Individual Rights (Not
unjust, such as civil-rights advocates did in the
Sure)
1960s, is in
The ability to think abstractly and
systematically solve problems emerges during Formal Operational Stage
the:
The main achievement of children during the
Object permanence
sensorimotor stage is -
The central theme of Erikson's theory of
Psychosocial conflict
psychosocial stages was the development of:
Children in the preoperational stage have
difficulty taking the perspective of another Egocentrism
person. This is known as:
Piaget believed that the thinking of children in
the concrete operational stage are Re-evaluate hypotheses
characterized by the following, except:
What are the five levels of environmental Microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem,
influence from intimate to broad? macrosystem, chronosystem
Dr. Saji has been doing neurosurgery for 10
years. Today, he will perform his 25th surgery,
and he cannot help that bit of anxiety because
the patient is his relative. He found peace and
confidence in recalling the 24 times that he Mastery Experiences
successfully did it, and in the fact that he
always gives his best effort in the performance
of his duties. Dr. Saji's source of self-efficacy
belief is:
Adah can't believe her eyes that when her son
and his family arrived from the USA six years
after they migrated, her school age
grandchildren have grown taller and spoke Contextual
English like Americans. They also had plenty
of ideas about so many things and candidly
expressed their views. This situation is an

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- A.C.M.
example of what characteristic of

development?
In 1882, developmental psychology emerged
as a specific discipline when this German
physiologist published the book, The Mind of
Wilhelm Preyer
the Child, where he described the
development of his own daughter from birth to
two and a half years.
How many stages of psychosocial
Eight
development did Erikson describe?
Which of the following is one way a teacher
Live modeling of a process
can model a skill or behavior?
Nat was busy playing with Lego bricks but
when he noticed that his mother was not
around, he started crying and he was Specific Attachment
inconsolable. He stopped only when his
mother returned and carried him.
A child hiding a toy so he doesn't have to
share it with the other kids falls under which of Stage 2. Individualism and Exchange
the following stages?
Most education institutions in the world provide
education opportunities from preschool until
post-graduate education in cognition of the
Lifelong
varying learning needs throughout the ages.
What characteristic of development does this
government stance take into accou
A cornerstone of Vygotsky's theory of cognitive
development is that society and culture play a
A sociocultural perspective
key role in promoting development. What type
of perspective is this considered to be?
The stage that occurs between birth and one
Trust vs. Mistrust
year of age is concerned with:
Which statement is most consistent with . Humans have the capacity to become many
Bandura's concept of humanity? things-within the limits set by biology. (WRONG)
"3 STAGES OF LIFE: TEEN AGE - Have time
& energy but no money; WORKING AGE -
Have money & energy but no time; OLD AGE - Multidirectional (Not Sure)
Have time & money but no energy." The above Multidimensional (WRONG)
quotation captures what characteristic of
development?

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| PSYC6201 - DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY |

Early adulthood begins in the late teens or

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IDENTIFICATION:_____ It includes the

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development the most?

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already developed a special preference for a

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(7 to 9 months) The baby looks to particular

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their current/past knowledge and by exploring

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mechanism is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.

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This refers to thinking before imitation. This

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processes as a result of biological maturation

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This involves adopting observed behaviors,

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Refers to the speech used to talk to others

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"Doggies." Joey is demonstrating -

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reflects the _____ stage of moral development

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This best illustrates the process of -

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ideas can be taught at a simplified level first,

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nickels, dimes, quarters and half-dollars.

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thinking of an image of a tree would be

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and understand the world

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Which of these is MOST likely to increase self-

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to perform it with assistance known as?

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Sharif has great confidence in himself as a

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- individuals has to be reciprocal.

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example of what characteristic of

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