Republic of the Philippines

10
Department of Education
Region V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SORSOGON
IROSIN NORTH NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Tinampo, Irosin, Sorsogon
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

MAPEH - MUSIC
Name: __________________________Grade: ______________Date: ________Quarter 1- W1

I. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT

The start of the 20th century saw the rise of distinct musical styles
that reflected a move away from the conventions of earlier classical music. These
new styles were Impressionism, Expressionism, Neo-Classicism, Avant Garde
music, and Modern Nationalism.
In this lesson, you will discover that the distinct musical styles of the
20th century Impressionism would not have developed if not for the musical genius
of individual composers such as Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel, who stood out
as the moving forces behind the music style mentioned above. Coming from
different nations— Germany and France— these composers clearly reflected the
growing globalization of musical style in the 20th century.

II. LEARNING SKILLS FROM MELC’S

At the end of this module, you will be able to:

• describe the distinctive musical elements of given pieces in 20th century
styles.

III. ACTIVITIES

A. Let Us Review

Directions: Put a / mark if the statement is CORRECT and a x mark if it is

INCORRECT.
___________1. Impressionism is more on suggesting a hazy mood rather than a solid
reality. ___________2. Claude Monet is considered one of the moving forces of
Impressionism in music. ___________3. While Debussy and Ravel’s musical works
sound quite similar in terms of their harmonic and textural characteristics, the two
differed greatly in their personalities and approach to music. ___________4. A
Millennial Junior High School student who adheres to exploratory styles would
prefer “Claire De Lune” to “Bolero”.
___________5. Impressionism uses overlapping harmony which makes music easy to
understand.

B. Let Us Study
 Music of the 20th Century: The musical works of the 20th century
introduced new styles and movements of music with dissonances, percussive
sounds, and irregular rhythms. Music of the 20th century was greatly influenced
by the movements in Europe in the context of Impressionism, Expressionism, Neo-
classicism, Avant-Garde and Modern Nationalism. These musical movements
contribute various styles and distinctive compositions and arrangements behind
their innovative and experimental styles.
“The Transitory Period and the Musical Movement”

1. IMPRESSIONISM
It is a musical style that produces new indirect musical colors that lightly
overlapped in different chords with each other. It works on nature sounds like the
splashing of the waves, flowing river, chirping of the birds, and the soft music
evoked and its beauty, likeness, and brilliance. Impressionism normally gives the
feeling of finality to a piece, moods and textures, harmonic vagueness about the
structure of certain chords, and the use of a whole-tone scale

CLAUDE DEBUSSY (1862-1918)

Among his composition were represented by the following works:

Ariettes Oubliees, Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, String
Quartet, Pelleas et Melisande (1895), La Mer (1905), Images, Suite
Bergamasque, and Estampes, Claire de Lune (moonlight). He was
able to compose musical pieces more or less 227 which include
orchestral music, chamber music, piano music, operas, ballets,
songs, and other vocal music.

MAURICE RAVEL (1875-1937)

Ravel’s output comprises approximately 60 pieces for piano,

chamber music, song cycles, ballet, and opera. These are the
following works: • Pavane for a Dead Princess (1899) • Jeux d’Eau
or Water Fountains (1901) • String Quartet (1903) • Sonatine for
Piano (c.1904) • Miroirs (Mirrors), 1905 • Gaspard de la Nuit
(1908) • Valses Nobles et Sentimentales (1911) • Le Tombeau de
Couperin (c.1917)

2. EXPRESSIONISM
 Expressionism presents atonality and the twelve-tone scale revealing
composer’s mind, expressing strong emotions, anxiety, rage, and alienation. It
expresses the meaning of emotional experience rather than physical reality. One of
the proponents of expressionism is Arnold Schoenberg.

ARNOLD SCHOENBERG (1874-1951)

In 1908, he began to write approximately 213 musical compositions

include concerte, orchestral music, piano music, opera, choral
music, songs, and other instrumental music. His works include the
following: • Verklarte Nacht, Three Pieces for Piano, op. 1 • Pierrot
Lunaire, • Gurreleider • Verklarte Nacht (Transfigured Night, 1899)
He died last July 13, 195, in Los Angeles, California, USA where he
had settled since 1934.

3. NEOCLASSICISM
Neo-classicism music is different from the two movements. This is light,
entertaining, cool, and independent of its emotional content. The composition style
used by the composer was the seven-note diatonic scale. This period combines
tonal harmonies applying with slight dissonance which has a three- movement
format like shifting time signatures, complex but exciting rhythmic patterns, as
well as harmonic dissonance that produce harsh chords.

IGOR STRAVINSKY (1882-1971)

The following are the works of Stravinsky: Firebird (1910),

Petrushka (1911), The Rite of Spring (1913), The wedding (1923),
AND Agon (1957), orchestral music like Symphonies of wind
instruments (1920), concerto for pianos and winds (1924),
Dumbarton Oaks Concerto (1938), Symphony in C (1940),
Symphony in 3 movements (1945), and Ebon concerto (1945); choral
music like Symphony of Psalms (1930), Canticum Sacrum (1955),
Threni (1958), and Requiem Canticles (1966).

SERGEI PROKOFIEFF (1891-1953)

He was born last 1891 in Ukraine. He combined the movements of

music like Neoclassicism, Nationalism, and Avant-Garde composition.
With his progressive technique, pulsating rhythms, melodic directness,
and a resolving dissonance he was uniquely recognized. In writing
symphonies, chamber music, concerte, and solo instrumental music, he
became a productive and prolific composer.

BELA BARTOK (1881-1945)

The six-string quartet is the greatest achievement of his creative life

that lasted for full 30 years for their completion. He combined difficult
and dissonant music with mysterious sounds as description of the
4. AVANT-GARDE composition.
 This form of music was considered as the vanguard of experimentation or
innovation period. The existing aesthetic and conventional type of music has been
put on to criticize, rejecting the status quo in favor of unique or original elements.
Adopting extreme composition within a certain tradition the so- called
“Experimental Music”.

GEORGE GERSHWIN
Among the compositions are the following: Rhapsody in Blue (1924),
and American in Paris (1928), Porgy and Bess (1934). He was
fascinated with classical music influenced by Ravel, Stravinsky,
Berg, and Schoenberg as well as the group of contemporary that
shapes the character of his major works like half jazz and half
classical known as “Les Six”. He died last July 11, 1937 in
Hollywood, California, USA.

LEONARD BERNSTEIN (1918-1990)

Bernstein’s compositions for the stage are the key that made
people known him. Among these is the musical West Side Story
(1957), an American version of Romeo and Juliet, which displays
a tuneful, off-beat, and highly atonal approach to the songs.

PHILLIP GLASS (1937)

Einstein on the Beach (1976) § Collaborated with Robert Wilson in
conceptualizing and produce four-hour opera and instantly sold –
out during the play at New York Metropolitan Opera House
Satyagraha (1980) and Akhnaten (1984) § Based on the lives of the
prominent people in the world like Mahatma Gandhi, Leo Tolstoy,
Martin Luther King, and Egyptian pharaoh.

5. MODERN NATIONALISM
Nationalistic composers and musical innovators were misled in the 20th
century music development combined with modern techniques with folk materials.
Prominent Russian composers like Bela Bartok and Sergei Prokofieff who were the
neoclassicist infused classical techniques crossing rhythms and shifting meters.
They made extensive use of polytonality that uses two or more tonal centers
simultaneously.
C. Let Us Practice
ACTIVITY 1: “I fell in love with the music!”
Directions: Fill in the table below to complete the 20th Century Composer’s
Timeline.
D. Let Us Practice More
ACTIVITY 2: Match Me!
Directions: Match column A with column B. Write the letter of the correct answer
on the blank provided before each number.

E. Let Us Remember
1. Igor Stravinsky is a composer of Neoclassicism who is known for his unique
style.
2. The captivating sounds of the environment are revealed by Impressionistic
music.
3. One of the creative composers who used folk music in his compositions is Bela
Bartok.
4. Claude Debussy is known for his unique style as an impressionistic composer.
5. Arnold Schoenberg is one of the most favorite expressionistic composers in his
time.
6. Leonard Bernstein is one of the Avant Garde from the United States who was
renowned for his stage musical and his music lectures for young people.
7. George Gershwin is a true “crossover artist”, and he was considered as the
“Father of American jazz” in the sense that his serious compositions remain highly
popular in the classical repertoire.

E. Evaluation
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following music characterize its works centered on nature and its
beauty, likeness and brilliance?
A. Impressionism C. Neoclassicism B. Expressionism D. Minimalism
2. Which movement of music characterizes the composer’s mind, instead of
presenting an impression of the environment?
A. Impressionism C. Neoclassicism B. Expressionism D. Minimalism
3. Which musical style deals with the parameters of sound in space with an
absence of traditional rules on harmony, melody, and rhythm?
A. Impressionism C. Modern nationalism B. Expressionism D. Avant-grade
4. Which type of musical style that has a freer seven-note diatonic scale?
A. Neoclassicism C. Avant-Garde B. Primitivism D. Modern Nationalism
5. Which music of the 20th century seeks to combine modern techniques focusing
on nationalist composers and innovators?
A. Neo-classicism C. Avant-Garde B. Primitivism D. Modern Nationalism
6. Who was the proponent of Claire de Lune and the foremost impressionist
composer?
A. Joseph Maurice Ravel C. Claude Debussy B. Arnold Schoenberg D. Claude
Monet
7. Which of the following countries Claude Debussy was born?
A. Germany B. Italy C. France D. Sweden
8. Which of the following composers created a system of pitch organization based
on the chromatic pitches called twelve tone series?
A. Arnold Schoenberg C. Claude Monet B. Joseph Maurice Ravel D. Claude
Debussy
9. Who among the proponents of the Neoclassicism is considered as a great
trendsetter of the 20th century?
A. Claude Debussy C. Joseph Maurice Ravel B. Igor Stravinsky D. Arnold
Schoenberg
10. Which of the following works of Arnold Schoenberg is considered as one of his
earliest successful pieces?
A. Verklarte Natch (Three Pieces for Piano, op.11) C. Gurreleider B. Pierrot Lunaire
D. Verklarte Natch (Transfigured Night, 1899)
V. ANSWER KEY

A. Let Us Review
1. /
2. X
3. /
4. /
5. X
C. Let Us Practice
Activity 1:

 (1862-1918)
 Joseph Maurice Ravel
 He was credited with twelve tone system
 1882-1971
 Bela Bartok
 He intendedly wrote a light-hearted orchestral work for children to pacify the
continuing government restrictions and disciplinary actions at the time of
Avant-Garde composers entitled Peter and the Wolf
 Francis Paulenc
 1898-1937
 He was fondly remembered for his television series “Young People’s
Concerts” (1958–1973) that demonstrated the sounds of the various
orchestral instruments and explained basic music principles to young
audiences, as well as his Harvardian Lectures.
 1937

D. Let Us Practice More Evaluation:

IV. REFERENCE
Horizons (Music and Arts Appreciation for Young Filipinos) MAPEH 10
Learner’s Material.
Buenviaje , Paz A. 2005. Music,Arts, Physical Education, and Health IV.
Phoenix Publi uyn fsxxxxshing House,Inc.
Cabanban , Evelyn F. 2015. Music and Arts Appreciation for Young
Filipinos. Philippines Tawid Publications.
Prepared By:
CHERI ELAINE R. CHAN
Teacher – I