Hydrodynamic calculation Howell-Jet valve

a VANES
qt p ALTERNATE AT 45°
33°
VANES

w
B
f
Qmax

10°
D

n
g v

y
b

c
r

ELLIPSE
e h i j l
s
k DETAIL "B"

40°
z

33°
1
d
8x

Dneedle
u

-F +F

Fig. 1 - Howell-Jet valve

Values for calculation:

Valve diameter D
1000 mm

Diameter needle Dneedle

1160 mm
Inner diameter d
220 mm

a = 1.1597D a
1159.7 mm

b = 0.5D b
500 mm

c = 0.5D c
500 mm

e = 0.1797D e
179.7 mm

f = 0.0068D f
6.8 mm

g = 0.0555D g
55.5 mm

h = 0.2533D h
253.3 mm

i = 0.0777D i
77.7 mm

j = 0.1116D j
111.6 mm

k = 0.0287D k
28.7 mm

l = 0.2927D l
292.7 mm

m = 0.1346D m
134.6 mm

n = 1.2083D n
1208.3 mm

o = 0.1875D o
187.5 mm

p = 0.186D p
186 mm

q = 0.138D q
138 mm

r = 0.25D r
250 mm

t = 0.0538D t
53.8 mm
 u = 0.8D u
800 mm

v = 0.6198D v
619.8 mm

w = 0.1146D w
114.6 mm

x = 3.7083D x
3708.3 mm

y = 0.0208D y
20.8 mm

z = 0.0026D z
2.6 mm

d1 = 0.02D d1
20 mm

Rated net head (max 6500m) h0

150 m

Gravitational acceleration g
9.81 m/s
2

The water temperature T

20 C°

Density ρ
998.8 kg/m
3

Increasing pressure on water hammer ΔP

20 m

Pressure loss before valve without Howell-Jet Σξ

0.6
valve

Flow:

2 2
1 πD 1 π ⋅ 1000
Qmax = ⋅ √2gh0 = ⋅ √2 ⋅ 9.81 ⋅ 150
6 6
√1 + Σξ + ξ 4 ⋅ 10 √1 + 0.6 + 0.811 4 ⋅ 10

3
= 27.4m /s

Valve speed:

6 6
4 ⋅ 10 ⋅ Qmax 4 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 27.4
v0 = = = 34.9m/s
2 2
π ⋅ D π ⋅ 1000

Theoretical pressure in the valve at full opening:

 2 2
v 34.9
0
Δh = ⋅ (ξ + 1) = ⋅ (0.811 + 1) = 112.4m
2g 2 ⋅ 9.81

Pressure parameter:

Δh 112.4
p = = = 0.749
h0 150

0 < p ≤ 1 → 0 < 0.749 ≤ 1

Does suit.
 Coefficient of Coefficient of Coefficient of
hydraulic force on a hydraulic force on a hydraulic force
Valve Flow sliding plate in the needle upstream in on body in the
position coefficient axis x the axis x axis x

s KQ Kx Kx−upstream Kbx

0 0.743 -0.769 -1.239 0.201

10 0.702 -0.237 -0.724 0.241

20 0.646 -1.51 -2.045 0.296

30 0.598 -0.296 -0.821 0.354

40 0.511 -0.454 -1.082 0.443

50 0.445 -1.658 -2.312 0.531

60 0.368 -0.382 -1.069 0.623

70 0.264 -0.553 -1.389 0.746

80 0.174 -0.537 -1.435 0.862

90 0.09 -0.224 -1.187 0.953

100 0 -0.033 -1.204 1

 -●-K x [−]

-●-K x−upstream [−]

-●-K bx [−]

s[%]

Fig. 2 - Coefficient of force

 -●-K Q [−]

s[%]

Fig. 3 - Flow coefficient

 Reduced free flow area in Flow of Water
Valve Loss the throttle control Relative water in velocity in
position coefficient system flow the pipeline pipeline

s ξ fr Qp Q v

3
% m /s m/s

0 0.811 1 1 27.4 34.887

10 1.029 0.945 0.958 26.244 33.415

20 1.396 0.869 0.897 24.588 31.306

30 1.796 0.805 0.843 23.097 29.408

40 2.83 0.688 0.738 20.229 25.756

50 4.05 0.599 0.654 17.915 22.81

60 6.384 0.495 0.55 15.073 19.191

70 13.348 0.355 0.402 11.018 14.028

80 32.029 0.234 0.268 7.347 9.354

90 122.457 0.121 0.14 3.825 4.87

100 999999999999 0 0 0 0
 -●-ξ[−]

s[%]

Fig. 4 - Loss coefficient

2
1 − K
Q
ξ =
2
K
Q
 -●-f r [−]

-●-Q p [−]

s[%]

Fig. 5 - Coefficients

KQ
fr =
KQmax

fr
Qp =
2
√p + f (1 − p)
r
 -●-Q[m 3
/s]

-●-v[m/s]

s[%]

Fig. 6 - Flow and speed of water in the pipeline

Q = Qp ⋅ Qmax

6
4Q ⋅ 10
v =
2
π ⋅ D
Valve position Loss of pressure on the valve Pressure on the valve Cavitation number

s HL Hv σ

% m m

0 50.336 112.369 0.975

10 58.57 116.744 0.868

20 69.746 122.777 0.734

30 79.182 127.972 0.631

40 95.676 137.34 0.468

50 107.395 144.298 0.364

60 119.841 152.11 0.263

70 133.885 161.852 0.161

80 142.835 169.251 0.101

90 148.057 175.078 0.068

100 150 180 0.055

 -●-H L [m]

-●-H v [m]

s[%]

Fig. 7 - Loss of height on valve and pressure height on Gate valve

2
v
HL = ξ
2g

2
v
Hv = HL + + (1 − Qp ) ⋅ (ΔP + P0 )
2g
 -●-σ[−]

s[%]

Fig. 8 - Cavitation number

10 − 0.1 + h0 − HL
σ =
Hv
Valve position Forces on the needle The force at the valve axis x

s Fx Fbx

% kN kN

0 -762.796 173.811

10 -272.305 216.515

20 -1603.097 279.67

30 -365.32 348.622

40 -584.237 468.206

50 -2075.52 589.649

60 -561.398 729.26

70 -846.729 929.168

80 -870.068 1122.732

90 -447.808 1283.993

100 -197.975 1385.191

 -●-F x [kN]

s[%]

Fig. 9 - Forces on the needle

Fx

π ⋅ ρ ⋅ g ⋅ Hv
2 2 2 2 2
= ⋅ (D ⋅ Kx − D (1.1162 − 0.04)Kx−upstream + (D − d ) ⋅ Kx−upstream )
9 needle
4 ⋅ 10
 -●-F bx [kN]

s[%]

Fig. 10 - Forces on the body x

2
πD
Fbx = ⋅ ρ ⋅ g ⋅ Hv ⋅ Kbx
9
4 ⋅ 10