uydhdk iïm%odhfhys wdrïNh yd ta i|yd bjy,a jQ uq,anqÿiuhd.; b.

ekaùï ms<sn|
úuiqula

nqÿrcdKka jykafia ms<sn| j úúO woyia ckkh ùu NsCIq ix>hd w;ska u isÿ ùu ixfõ.
okjkakls' flfia jqj o fujka oE isÿúh yels nj Wkajykafia o ±k isá nj nqoaO pß;fha fndfyda
isÿùï weiqßka ikd: l< yel' nqÿrcdKka jykafia kulg o ;j;a nqÿrcdKka jykafia kula ms<sn|
j iúia;rd;aul újrKhla isÿ lsÍu wmyiq nj f.!;u nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska u foaYkd lrk
,È' tfia u idlÉPd fldg wOHhkhka isÿ fldg wjika l< fkd yels ksjerÈ j fmdÿ
tlÕ;djhlg meñKsh fkd yels È.ska È.g is;Sfuka Wu;= njg ÿlg m;alrk m%ia;=; y;rla
mj;sk nj nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska f,dal i;aFjhd úIfhys fmkajd fok ,oS'1
1. nqoaO úIh
2. f,dal úIh
3. l¾u úIh
4. OHdk úIh

nqoaO mßks¾jdKfhka miq isÿ jQ NsCIq ixia:dfõ fn§hdu;a iuÕ u nqÿrcdKka jykafia ms<sn| j úúO
woyia yd u;su;dka;r fõ.fhka jHdma; ùug mgka .eksKs' uydix>sl lsldhsl NsCIQkaf.a
uQ,sl;ajfhka jHdma; jQ uydhdk iïm%odh nqÿrcdKka jykafia ukqIH;ajh blau jQ foúfhl= fldg
i,lk w;r m%:u O¾u ix>dhkdjg iïnkaO jQ mkaishhla NsCIQka jykafiaf.ka fmdaIKh jQ
f:rjdoS iïm%odh nqÿrcdKka jykafia ukqIH;ajfhys,d i,lhs'

fï iqúfYaIS Ndjhg uQ,sl isoaOdka;h jQfha ry;ka jykafia ms<sn| j we;s lr.kakd ,o u;fNaoh hs'
nqÿqrcdKka jykafiaf.a mßks¾jdKfhka ;=ka uila .; jQ miq mj;ajk ,o m%:u O¾u ix>dhkdj
i|yd iyNd.S lr.kakd ,oafoa w¾:" O¾u" ksrela;s" máNdk hk isjqms<sisôhd ,dNS uyry;ka jykafia
muKs' fï ms<sn| j ;rul miq;eùulska isá NsCIQka jykafia ix>S;sldrl uyry;ka jykafia,df.a
woyi ms<s.ekSug miqng jQy' fuys m%;sM,h jQfha ix>S;sldrl f:reka jykafia,df.a u;jdo
ms<s.ekSu fjkqjg ;u u; ms<s.ekSu hs' ta i|yd Tjqka ix>dhkdjla l< nj o k,skdCI o;a uy;d
fmkajd fohs' fï i|yd nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.ka u O¾uh Y%jKh l< NsCIQka jykafia,d iïnkaO
lr .;a w;r mD:.ack NsCIQka jykafia,d fuka u fial" wfial" ;s%úOHdOr" wNs[a[d,dNS" OHdk,dNS"
iy f.d;%N+2 wd§ iEu wdOHd;añl ia:rhla u ksfhdackh jk mßfoka NsCIQka jykafia,d iïnkaO lr
.kakd ,È'3 fuu iïfu,kfhka wk;=re j nqoaO mßks¾jdKfhka jir 116lg miq ld,dfYdal
rc;=udf.a rdcH ld,fhys O¾u ix>dhkdjla me<¨ma kqjr § isÿ lrk ,È' fuu O¾u ix>dhkdj
fojk O¾u ix>dhkdj kñka ie,fla' fuu ix>dhkdfõ § uydfoaj uyry;ka jykafia tla
md¾Yjhla ksfhdackh l< w;r wfkla md¾Yjh ksfhdackh lrk ,oafoa ia:úrjd§ f;reka

1
wÑka;hH iQ;%h" w'ks' 2" nqcuq' msg'150
nqoOdkx NsCLfj nqoOúifhd wÑfk;fhHd k Ñfk;;fnnd" hx Ñfk;fk;d Wuudoii ú>d;ii Nd.S wii ''' COdhsii
NsCLfj COdkúifhd '''' luuúmdfld NsCLfj ''' f,dlÑk;d NsCLfj'''
2
prthagjanas, saiksas, asaiksas, traividtas, and sadbhajñas, balaprāptas and vaisibhutas
3
Buddhist Sects in India, Nalinaksha Dutt, Delhi, 1998, p. 21
1
jykafia,d úisks'4 fuu ix>dhkdj isÿjk ld,h jk úg NsCIq Ydikh ia:úrjd§ iy uydix>sl
jYfhka fofldgilg fn§ mej;s w;r ix>dhkdfjka miqj uydix>sl md¾Yjh ksfhdackh l<
NsCIQka jykafia uydhdk iïm%odh ixj¾Ohk lsÍfuys kshe¨Kq w;r ia:úrjd§ md¾Yjh ksfhdackh
l< NsCIQka jykafia f:rjd§ iïm%odh ixj¾Ohkh lsÍfï ld¾hfhys kshe¨Ky' miqld,Skj f:rjd§
iïm%odh ol=Kq È. nqÿiuh kñka o uydix>sl iïm%odh W;=reÈ. nqÿiuh kñka o jHdma; úh'

ol=Kq È. nqÿiuhd.; iïm%odhhka nqÿrcdKka jykafia ukqIH;ajfhys ,d ms<s.;a; o W;=reÈ.

nqÿiuhd.; iïm%odhfhda fï u;hg yd;amiska u úreoaO woyila olaj;s' m%:u O¾u ix>dhkdj i|yd
iïnkaO jQfha isõjkla msßfika b;d u iq¿ msßila fyhska th uyd ix>hdf.a ;SrKh hehs ms<s.;
fkd yels nj fudjqyq ;j ÿrg;a fmkajd fo;s' NsCLq" NsCLqKS" Wmdil iy Wmdisld hk isjqjkla msßi
u m%:u ix>dhkdj ksfhdackh l< hq;=j mej;sh o ta i|yd iyNd.S lrjd .kakd ,oafoa isjqjkla
msßfika tla fldgila muKla jk w;r thsksÿ f;dard .;af;a isjqms<sisôhdm;a uyry;ka jykafia
mkaish kula muKs' nqÿrdcKka jykafia Orudk ld,fha § o Ydikfha Ñr meje;aug ndOd lrjk
fndfyda oE isÿ úh' tjka wjia:djka j,§ o Wkajykafia úiska isõjkla msßfiys u iyfhda.h
wfmaCId lrk ,os' ta wkqj úúOdldrfhka iïnqoaO Ydikhg meñKs w¾nqoldÍ ;;ajhka md,kh
lsÍfï § ;a kj úkh kS;s mekùfï § ;a tfuka u mekjQ kS;S h<s ,sys,a lsÍfï § ;a ksrka;rfhka u
ish¨ fokdf.a u woyia i,ld neÆ nj fuys § fmkajd §ug yelsh'

fukhska n,k l, uydhdkslhkaf.a fn§hdu idOdrK jQ jla nj yeÕS hhs' flfia fj;;a Ydiksl
Wkak;sh fjkqfjka .; yels jákd u ;SrKh jkafka fn§hdulska f;dr j th wdrCId lr .ekSu
jqj;a fuu iïm%odh folg u Ydikfha fkd fn§hdu wdrCId lr .ekSug fkd yels jQ nj
lK.dgqfjka jqj o i|yka l< hq;=h'

nqÿoyfï m%:u fn§u isÿ jQfha nqoaO mßks¾jdKfhka ish jilg muK miq j nj jiqñ;%f.a woyi hs'5
fï i|yd bjy,a jQ fya;=jla f,i Tyq fmkajd fokafka w¾y;ajh iïmQ¾Kfhka u m%;sfCIam fldg ta
fjkqjg nqoaO;ajh wdfrdamKh lsÍu hs' iodld,sl iqLh fyj;a ks¾jdKh wjfndaO lsÍug kï yeu
flfkl= u nqoaO;ajhg m;a úh hq;= nj ioaO¾umqKavÍl iQ;%fhys i|yka fõ' f:rjdofhys b.ekafjk
w¾y;ajh fyj;a ksjk ÿ#LialkaOfhka ñ§ula muKs' tksid wry;a ;;aj,dNshd fndaêi;aFj njg m;a
ù wjidk jYfhka nqoaO;ajhg m;a úh hq;=h'

ia:úrhka jykafia,df.a ÿ¾j,lï yqjdolajñka ry;a Ndjh yE,a¨jg ,la lsÍu uydix>slhkaf.a
wNsm%dh úh' Ydikfha Ñria:s;sh fjkqfjka ksjerÈ ;SrK .ekSug ;rï nqoaêu;a fkd jQ msßila nj
mjiñka ry;ka jykafiaf.a ry;a nj yE,a¨jg ,la lsÍug fudjqyq ksrka;rfhka l%shd l<y' fï
u;fNaod;aul woyia Woyia iuÕ u nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a w.h yd jákdlu ;jÿrg;a
Tmakexfjkakg úh' nqÿrcdKka jykafia jevisáhd kï fujekakla iïnqoaO Ydikh úIfhys isÿ fkd
jk nj uydix>sl iïm%odh ksfhdackh l< yeufokdf.a u u;h úh' tys m%;sM,h jQfha ry;a Ndjhg
m;aùu yE,a¨jg ,lalsÍu yd nqoaO;ajhg m;aùu b;d Wiia fldg ie,lSu wdrïN ùu hs'

4
Buddhist Sects in India, Nalinaksha Dutt, Delhi, 1998, p. 23
5
Bhinna Nikata Dharmackr asastra - T aistro 49, p.15-16
2
nqÿrcdKka jykafia ms<sn| w;sudkqIsl;ajh jkdys md,s ;%smsglh ;=<ska wd¾ïN ù f:rjdo wÜGl:d
u.ska fmdaIKh ù miqj uyd jia;=fjka mßmQ¾K;ajhg m;a j l%ufhka ,,s; úia;rh yd ÈjHjodk
jeks lD;Skag o ixl%uKh jQ jla nj fn,a,kaú, úu,r;k ysñfhda fmkajd fo;s'6 f:rjdofhka
uydix>slhka fjka jQ w;r" nqÿrcdKka jykafia f,daflda;a;r jdofhka ie,l+ f,dal=;a;rjdo ksldh
o uydidx>sljdofha u wkqYdLdjla úh' ta wkqj nqoaO mßks¾jdKfhka ishjia follg muK miqj ^l%s'
mQ' 3 jeks ishji& f,daflda;a;rjdoS iïm%odh7 wdrïN jQ nj fn,a,kaú, úu,r;k ysñfhda ;j ÿrg;a
fmkajd fo;s'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska foaYkd lrK ,o O¾uh p;=rd¾h i;Hh" wd¾h wIaGdx.sl ud¾.h iy
máÉpiuqmamdoh hk uQ,sl O¾u lreKqj,ska hqla; h'8 f:rjdoh yd uydhdkh ms<sn|j i<ld ne,Sfï
§ fmkS hkafka f:rjdofha uQ,sl b.ekaùu f,i p;=rd¾h i;Hh ms<s.kakd w;r uydhdksl
iïm%odfhka f.dvke.=Kq udOHñl iïm%odh woyia lrkafka th máÉpiuqmamdoh njhs' tneúka
uydhdkslhkaf.a woyi ù we;af;a nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska foaYkd lrk ,o m%:u iQ;% foaaYkh jk
p;=rd¾h i;H foaYkh Y%jKh lsÍfuka wk;=rej Tjqka Y%djlhka njg m;a jQ nj hs' uydhdk
iïm%odhg wkqj Y%djlhka hkq iQ;%d.; lreKq muKla wjfndaO lrf.k w¾y;a nj ,nd.kakd wh hs'
úfYaIfhka u fudjqyq mqoa., ffk¾hd;auh wjfndaO lr.kakd kuq;a O¾u ffk¾hd;auh ^O¾u
Y+kH;dj& wjfndaO lr fkd .kS fyj;a ;:;dj fkd jgyd .kS'9 ir, j olajf;d;a mqoa.,
ffk¾hd;auh hkq m[apialkaOd§ jYfhka flfrk fn§ï Tiafia m%;sfCIam jk i;aFj mqoa.,
meje;au wjfndaO lr .ekSu hs' O¾u ffk¾hd;auh hkq fuu fn§ï Tiafia b;sß jk ialkaOdÈfhys
meje;au m%;sfCIam jk nj wjfndaO lr .ekSu hs' fï wkqj" mqoa., ffk¾hd;auh wjfndaO lr
.ekSfuka ry;aNdjh;a O¾u ffk¾hd;auh wjfndaO lr .ekSfuka nqoaO;ajh;a ,nd.; yels nj
uydhdk iïm%odfhys woyi hs'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia ms<sn|j f,daflda;a;r u; jdo we;s ùug uQ,sl jYfhka fya;= ù we;af;a wßh
mßfhaik iQ;%d.; lreKq h' ta ksid ta ms<sn| j fuys§ úuid ne,sh hq;=h' úfYaIfhka u nqo aO;ajh
wjfndaO lr .ekSu;a iu. u Wkajkafia l%shd l< wkaou úúO woyia m%Njh ùug bjy,a ù we;'

zz;uka jykafia úiska wjfndaO lr.;a O¾uh b;d .eUqre h' ±laug wjfndaOhg fkd myiq h'
Ydka;h" m%KS;h' ;¾lfhka nei.; fkd fykafka h' ksmqK h' mKaä;hka úiska o; hq;= h' fï
m%cdf;dfuda m[apldu.=K ixLHd; wd,hkays ruKh lrkakS h' wd,hkays we¨KS h'
m[apldu.=Kfhys i;=gq jkakS h' m[apldu wd,hkays ruKh lrk wd,hkays we¨Kq wd,hkays i;=gq
m%cdj úiska" hï fï bomamÉphd ^ixialdrd§kag m%;Hh jQ wúµd §& máÉpiuqmmdohla fõ o" fï
ldrKh olakg fkd myiq h' ish¨ ixialdrhkaf.a ixys§u jQ ish¨ Wmëkaf.a ÿr ,Su jQ wdYdj ke;s
lsÍu jQ úrd.h jQ ksfrdaOh jQ hï fï ksjkla fõ o" fï ldrKh o ±laug fkd yels h' uu oyï

6
fn!oaO uyd mqreI ixl,amh" fn,a,kaú, úu,r;k ysñ" fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh" foysj," 2000" msg'45
7
fn!oaO uyd mqreI ixl,amh" fn,a,kaú, úu,r;k ysñ" fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh" foysj," 2000" msg'46
8
Buddhist Sects in India, Nalinaksha Dutt, Motilal Bamarsidass, Delhi, 1998, p. 71
9
Buddhist Sects in India, Nalinaksha Dutt, Motilal Bamarsidass, Delhi, 1998, p. 71-2
3
foikafkï kï wkHfhda th ±k fkd .kakdyq kï" th ug la,dka;hls' th ug fjfyils' ;j o
10
ug fkd weiQ úrE w;HdYaj¾h jQ fï .d:dfjda jegyqKdy(ZZ

fï wkqj fmkS hkafka nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska wjfndaO lr.;a O¾uh b;d .eUqre jQ jla jk
fyhska th idudkH ckhdg wjfndaO lr.ekSug fkd yels nj hs' th foaYkd lrkakg hdfuka
isÿjkafka ;uka jykafia fjfyig m;aùu muKla u hehs Wka jykafiaf.a isf;ys jQ nj hs'

zzud úiska ÿl fia wjfndaO lrK ,o fï O¾uh ±ka m%ldY lsÍu lï ke;' rd. oafõIhkaf.ka
ue~qkjqka úiska fï O¾uh wjfndaO lsÍu myiq fkd fõ' Wvqfydh lrd hk iq¿ uDÿ jQ .eUqre jQ
wjfndaOhg wmyiq jQ ishqï jQ fï O¾uh rd.fhka r;a jQ fudyrdYsfhka fj¿Kq fï i;aFjfhda fkd
11
olakdy'ZZ

nqÿrcdKka jykafia f,dj fufyks lr n,k úg Wkajykafia ÿgqfõ ;uka jykafia úiska wjfndaO
lr .;a fï Y%S ioaO¾uh wjfndaO lr .; yels wfhl= fkdjk nj hs' flfia jqj o nqÿrcdKka
jykafia úiska wjfndaO lr .;a O¾uh jgyd .; yels w¾y;a ;;ajhg m;a úh yels ñksiqka fuf,dj
isák fyhska Tjqka úIfhys O¾uh foaYkd lrk f,i iyïm;S uyd n%yauhd úiska nqqÿrcdKka
jykafiag wdrdOkd lrk ,È'

zzjykai" Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia oyï foik fialajd' u|flf,iarcia iys; iajNdj we;s i;aFjfhda we;'
O¾uh fkd weiSfuka Tyq msßfy;a' O¾uh wjfndaO lrkafkda we;'zz12

zzhym;a m%{d we;s i¾j{hka jykai" ffY,uh m¾j;hla uqÿfkys isáfhla yd;ami ck iuQyhd
hïfia olS o" tn÷ Wmud we;s O¾um%didohg ke. ;uka jykafia my jQ fYdal we;s fiala fYdalfhka
uevqKq i;aFj iuQyhd n,k fialajd' udrix.%duh ÈkQ ùrhka jykai" id¾:jdylhka jykai"
lduÉPJo ixLHd; Kh ke;shdKka jykai" ke.Sisákq uekj' f,dalfhys yeisfrkq uekj Nd.Hj;=ka
jykafia O¾uh foaYkd lrK fialajd' wjfndaO lrkafkda we;s jkakdy'ZZ13

10
wßh mßfhik iQ;%h" u'ks' 1" nqcuq' msg 408
wê.f;d fLd uHdhx Ofuud .uNSfrd ÿoofid ÿrkqfndfOd ifk;d mKSf;d w;lldjpfrd ksmqfKd mKä;fjokSfhd'
wd,hrdud fLd mkdhx mcd wd,hr;d wd,hiuuqÈ;d' wd,hrdudh fLd mk mcdh wd,hr;dh wd,hiuuqÈ;dh ÿooix box
Gdkx hÈox bommpph;dmáppiuqmmdfod" boums fLd Gdkx ÿooix hÈox inniXLdriuf:d innQmêmáksiif..d
;KylLfhd úrdf.d ksfrdfOd ksnndkx' wyf[pj fLd mk Ouux fofihHx mfr p fu k wdcdfkhHqx" fid uuii
ls,uf:d" id uuii úfyid;s' wmsiiq ux NsCLfj bud wkpPßhd .d:d máNxiq mqfnn wiiq;mqnnd(
11
wßh mßfhik iQ;%h" u'ks' 1" nqcuq' msg 408
lsfpPk fu wê.;x y,Jodks mldis;=x - rd.fodimfrf;ys ;dhx Ofuud iqiunqfOd'
máfid;.dñx ksmqKx .uNSrx ÿooix wKqx - rd.r;;d k oCÅk;s ;fudCLfJOk wdjgd;s'
12
wßh mßfhik iQ;%h" u'ks' 1" nqcuq' msg 410
fofi;= Nfk; N.jd Ouux' fofi;= iq.f;d Ouux' ik;s i;;d wmmrcCLd cd;sld" wiijK;d Ouuii mßydhk;s'
Núiik;s Ouuii w[[d;dfrd
13
wßh mßfhik iQ;%h" u'ks' 1" nqcuq' msg 410
fif, h:d mnn;uqoOksgGsf;d" - h:dms mfii ckkx iuk;f;d
;:Qmñ Ouuuhx iqfuO" - mdidoudrehy iuk;pCLq'

4
uq, § O¾uh foaYkd lsÍug miqng jQ nqÿrcdKka jykafia uyd n%yauhdf.a wdrdOkfhka miq O¾uh
foaYkd lsÍug ;SrKh lsÍu u; fNaohg ;=vq fok lreKls' fï i|yd bjy,a lr .; yels lreKq
;=klss'
1. lsisjl= úiska wdrdOkd lrk ;=re O¾uh fkd foiSu nqoaO .=Khla ùu'
2. Wkajykafia úiska wjfndaO lr .;a nqoaO;ajh wjfndaOlr.; yels wfhl= f,dj úµudk fkd
ùu'
3. O¾udjfndaOhg m;ajk msßila fudf,dj isák nj fkd ±lSu'

m%:u lreK we.hSulg ,la l< fkd yelsh' úfYaIhka u nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska hula isÿ l<
hq;=j we;akï Wkajykafia th isÿ lr;s' WodyrK jYfhka hil=, mq;= meúÈ lsÍu" kkao l=ure meúÈ
lsÍu" rdyq, l=ure meúÈ lsÍu wd§ ish,a, isÿ lf<a wkdrdê;j h' fofjks lreK i,ld ne,Sfuka
meyeÈ,s jkafka nqoaO;ajh ;j;a wfhl=g wjfndaO lrúh yelalla fkd jk fyhska Wkajykafia ta
i|yd ue,s jQ nj hs' uyd n%yauhd wdrdOkd lrkafka nqoaO;ajh i|yd O¾uh foaYkd lsÍug fkdj
O¾udjfndaOh i|yd O¾uh foaYkd lsÍug h' nqÿrcdKka jykafia ukqIHhl= jYfhka i,ld f;fjks
lreK idOdrKs lrKh l, yels h' ta wkqj O¾uh hï muKlg fyda wjfndaO lr .ekSug yels
msßila isá;a ± hs nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska úuid n,d ke;s nj fï wkqj meyeÈ,s h' fujeks isÿ ùï
úkh kS;S mekùfï § o isÿ ù we;' uq,ska mek jQ úkh kS;s kej; fjkia lsÍu ,sys,a lsÍu
nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska isÿ lrk ,o fyhska fï f;jk lreK .=Kd;aul h' tuksid uyd
n%yauhdf.a wdrdOkfhka wk;=rej lreKq i,ld n,d O¾uh foaYkd lsÍug Wkajykafiag is;a úh'
flfia jqjo nqÿrcdKka jykafia ms<sn| f,daflda;a;rjd§ woyia we;s ùug fuh fya;=jla jQfha
idudkH ckhd úiska wjfndaO lr .; fkd yels W;=ï ;Fjhla Wkajykafia úiska wjfndaO lr.;a
fyhsks'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia ms<sn|j f:rjd§ fyj;a ia:úrjd§ wdl,amh jQfha Wkajykafia idudkH
ukqYHfhla nj;a nqoaO.hdfõ § nqoaO;ajh wnfndaO lr .ekSu;a iu. u Wkajykafia i¾j{ jQ nj;a
h' nqoaO;ajh ,nd .ekSfuka wk;=rej jqj o lsisÿ YdÍßl fjkila isÿ ù fkdue;s nj m%:u O¾u
foaYkh i|yd nqÿrcdKka jykafia nrKei bism;kdrduhg jevu jk nj ±l miaj. ;jqika úiska
isÿ lrk ,o m%ldYfhka ;yjqre fõ'

zzweje;aks" m%;Hh nyq, fldg we;s njg meñK m%Oka ù¾hfhka msßyqKq" m%;Hh nyq, fldg we;s njg
fmr¿Kq fï Y%uK f.!;u f;fï ths' fkd u je¢h hq;= h' fmr .uka fkd l< hq;= h' Tyqf.a md
14
isjqre fkd ms<s.; hq;= h' je,s" bÈka leue;af;a kï ys¢kafka hhs wdikhla ;eìh hq;=ZZ h lshd hs'

flfia jqj o uydix>slhkaf.a u;h jkafka iuia: osjH i;a;ajhkag jvd mqKH Yla;sfhka iy
oekqfuka mrsmQ¾K j fmr w;aneõys isá fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafia ó<Õ w;aneõys idudkH ñksfila
jkafka flfia o hkakhs' fuys § isÿ j we;af;a f,daljHjydrhg wkq.; ùula jYfhka

14
wrshmrsfhaik iQ;%h" u'ks' 1' nqcuq' msg' 416
zzwhx fLd wdjqfid iufKd f.d;fud wd.pP;s ndyq,sfld mOdkúnNfk;d wdjf;;d ndyq,,dh' fid fkj wNsjdfo;fnnd"
k mppqgGd;fnnd' kdii m;;Öjrx má..fy;nnx' wms p fLd wdikx Gfm;nnx ifp wdlXÅii;s ksiSÈii;S ;s'
5
^f,daldkqj¾:k& Wkajykafia idudkH ñksfil= fuka lghq;= lsÍu nj uydix>slhkaf.a woyi hs'15
nqoaO;ajh ,nd.ekSu i|yd fndaê i;aFjjrfhl= úiska mQrKh l< hq;= ish¨ mdrñ;d fmr w;aneõ
jk úg mQrKh lrk ,È'16 fï wkqj nqÿrcdKka jykafia f,daflda;a;r jkafka uydudhdjf.a uõ l=i
ms<sis| .ekSug o fmr isg h' uydidx>slhka iy Tjqkaf.a wfkl=;a wkqYdLd o nqÿrcdKka jykafia
ms<sn| fujeks u jQ f,daflda;a;r ,CIK y÷kajd fo;s'

nqÿrcdKka jykafiag rEmldh yd O¾uldh jYfhka YÍroajhla úµudk jk nj uydhdkhg wh;a

ioaO¾u mqKavÍl iQ;h
% fmkajd ÿkak o fo;sia uyd mqreI ,CIK yd wiQjla wkq ,CIKhka wh;a
jkafka rEmldhg o tfia ke;fyd;a O¾u ldhg o hkak tys meyeÈ,sj olajd ke;'17 nqoaO ldh
ixl,amfha ;okka;r j¾Okh ms<sn| wjia:dj jQfha ;%sldh isoaOdka;h hs' mxpúxY;s idyY%sld" oY
idyi%sld m%{d mdrñ;d iy wNsiuhd,xldr" iqj¾K m%Ndi" .KvjHqy jeks uydhdksl iQ;% fï nj
;yjqre lrhs'

zznqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a YÍrh f,daflda;a;r h'18 wIaGdriOd;=yq flf,ia O¾uhkaf.ka

úks¾uqla; jqjdyq h' ldhsl" udkisl yd jdpisl l%shd wdY%jO¾uhkaf.ka wkqm,CIs;
^wdY%j-úiïm%hqla;& h' nqoaO YÍrfhys f,!lsl jQ lsis;a ke;' tys we;af;a ks¾u, nj
^wkdY%j-ud;%& muKls' th lsisjl=g;a úkdY l< fkd yels h'19 mQ¾j mqKH Yla;sfha
m%;sM,hla jk Wkajykafiaf.a rEmldh fyj;a ks¾udK ldh wiSudka;sl h"20 ^.eksh
fkd yels ;rï jQ rEmldh ixLHdjla w;s nj&" Wkajykafiaf.a fuu ks¾udK ldfhka
21
f,dj ´kE u ia:dkhlska fmkS isáh yels h'ZZ

wd§ jYfhka nqÿrcdKka jykafia ms<sn| f,daflda;a;rjd§ woyia uydhdkslfhda jHdma; lr;s'

flfia jqj o Wla; woyia yd fndfyda fihska iudk woyia uq,a nqÿiuhd.; iQ;%hkays o wgqjd
.%ka:hka ys o olakg ,efnhs' úfYaIfhka u nqoaOf>daI ysñhka úiska rpdk lrk ,o wF:id,skS
wgqjdfjys nqÿrcdKka jykafia ks¾udK ldhlska jev isá nj i|yka fjhs' fï ñksia f,dúka bj;a j
;=is; foõf,dj ;=ka uila jev fjfiñka ish ujq foõ mq;=kg wNsO¾uh foaYkd l< nj;a tu
foaYkh w;r;=r § ;uka jykafiag yd;amiska u iudk jk fia ks¾ñ; nqoaO rEmhla uejQ nj;a bka
wk;=re j fï ñksia f,djg jevu l< nj;a tys i|yka fõ'22

nqoaO;ajh ,nd.ekSfuka wk;=rej nqÿrcdKka jykafia miaj. ;jqika Wfoid O¾uh foaYkd lsÍfï
wruqKska hq;=j Wrefj,a okõfõ isg nrKei bism;kdrduhg jevujk w;r uÕ § Wml kï
wdÔjlfhl= yuq úh' Wml nqÿrcdKka jykafia ±l fïfia úpdf<ah'

15
Kathāv atthu, xviii, p.4
nqoOii N.jf;d Wppdrmiidfjd w;súh wf[[ .kOcdf; wê.Kyd;S ;s
16
Buddhist Sects in India, Nalinaksha Dutt, Motilal Bamarsidass, Delhi, 1998, p. 72
17
fn!oaO uyd mqreI ixl,amh" fn,a,kaú, úu,r;k ysñ" fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh" foysj," 2000" msg'55
18
uydjia;=" ii' msg' 3
19
Buddhist Sects in India, Nalinaksha Dutt, Motilal Bamarsidass, Delhi, 1998, p. 72
20
Buddhist Sects in India, Nalinaksha Dutt, Motilal Bamarsidass, Delhi, 1998, p. 72
21
Buddhist Sects in India, Nalinaksha Dutt, Motilal Bamarsidass, Delhi, 1998, p. 98
22
fn!oaO uyd mqreI ixl,amh" fn,a,kaú, úu,r;k ysñ" fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh" foysj," 2000" msg' 56
6
 zzweje;aks" uqUjykafiaf.a pCIqrdÈ bJøsfhda úfYaIfhka m%ikakh y' Púj¾Kh msßisÿh
m%Ndiajr h' weje;aks kqU jykafia ljrl= Wfoid meúÈ jQ fiala o@ uqUjykafiaf.a
Ydia;Djrhd fyda ljf¾ o@ uqUjykafia ldf.a O¾uhlg reÑ lrk fiala o@ZZ23

fukhska fmkS hkafka Wkajykafiaf.a YdÍßl ,CIK úu;sh we;slrk iq¨ njhs'

Wml wdÔjlhka úiska wik ,o mekhg ms<s;=re imhk nqÿrcdKka jykafia( zzuu ish,a, wNsnjd
isáfhñ' o; hq;= ish,a, okafkï fjñ' ish¨ O¾uhkays fkd we¨fKñ' ish¨ flf,ia yer isáfhñ'
;DIaKdCIH ixLHd; ks¾jdKfhys wruqKq lsÍfuka flf,iqkaf.ka ñÿfKñ'ZZ24 hehs mjiQ nj
f:rjdohg wh;a wßhmßfhaik iQ;%fha i|yka fõ' zzWkajykafiag iu l, yels lsisfjl=;a fï ñksia
f,dj ;=< úµudk fkd fõ'ZZ25 hkqfjka uydhdkhg wh;a uydjia;=fjys i|yka jk lreKg fndfyda
fihska iudk woyila wßhmßfhaik iQ;%fhys u olalkg ,efnhs' ta nj zzug fï f,dalfhys
.=rejrfhla ke;' ug iudkfhla ke;' foúhka iys; f,dalfhys ud yg iu mqoa. ,fhla ke;'ZZ26
hkqfjka nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska Wml wdÔjlhdg lrk ,o m%ldYfhka meyeÈ,s fjhs'

nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a wdhq m%udKh ms<sn|j uydjia;=fõ i|yka jkafka zz''' Wkajykafiaf.a Yla;Ska
27
wmuK fõ" wdhq m%udKh o wmuK fõZZ hkqfjks' fï nj f:rjdohg wh;a uyd mßksíndK iQ;%fha
olakg ,efnhs'
zzwk|fhks" ;:d.;hka úiska i;r bÿmdyq Ndú;h y" nyq,SlD;h y" hdkSlD;h y"
jdia;=lD;h y" wkqIaÀ;h y" mßÑ;h y" iqiudríOh y" wk|fhks ta ;:d.;fhda leue;s
jkakdyq kï" l,amhla fyda l,amdjfYaIhla fyda isgqkdyZZ28

hkqfjka ta nj nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska wk| f;rekg jod< fial'

nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a ldhsl l%shd meyeÈ,s lrk f:rjd§ iïm%odhg wh;a n%yaudhq iQ;%h fufia
úia;r olajhs'

23
wrshmrsfhaik iQ;%h" u'ks' 1' nqcuq' msg' 414
úmmikkdks fLd f; wdjqfid bJøhdks" mßiqfoOd cújfKKd mßfhdodf;d' lxis Fjx wdjqfid WoÈii mnnðf;d@ fld jd
f; iF:d@ lii jd Fjx Ouux frdfpiS;s@ fld jd f; iF:d@ lii jd Fjx Ouux frdfpiS;s@
24
wrshmrsfhaik iQ;%h" u'ks' 1' nqcuq' msg' 414
inndysN+ innú¥yuiñ
ifnniq Ofuuiq wkQm,sf;;d"
inn[cfyd ;KylLfh úuqf;;d
ihx wNs[[dh luqoÈfihHx@
25
Mahāvastu, i, p. 159
26
wrshmrsfhaik iQ;%h" u'ks' 1' nqcuq' msg' 414
k fu wdpßfhd wFÓ iÈfid fu k úcc;s"
ifojliñx f,dliñx kFÓ fu mámq..f,d'
27
Buddhist Sects in India, Nalinaksha Dutt, Motilal Bamarsidass, Delhi, 1998, p. 98
28
uydmßksnndK iq;%h" §'kS' 2" nqcuq' msg' 162
;:d.;ii fLd wdkJo p;;dfrd boêmdod Ndú;d nyq,Sl;d hdksl;d jF:ql;d wkqgÀ;d mßÑ;d iqiudroOd' fid
wdlXludfkd wdkJo ;:d.f;d lmmx jd ;sfgGhH lmmdjfiixjdZ ;s'
7
 zz.uka lsÍfï § Wkajykafia yeuúg u ol=Kq mh fmrg ;nhs' tfia u mshjrla b;d §¾>
fyda flá o fkd fõ' túg wfOdaldh muKla p,kh fjhs'29 miqmi yeÍ n,kqfha we;l=
fuka oCIsKd jD;a;dldrfhks' ksjilg we;=,a ùfï § lsisúfgl l| fkd kefï'30 md;%h
fia§u i|yd meka ms<s.ekSfï § wdydr j<|k úg" 31 j<\ wka;fhys w; fidaok úg fyda
N=la;dkqfudaokh lrk úg w;sYh wdl,am iïmkakj W;a;u prKdkql+,j wl=á,j jev
ys¢;s'ZZ32

tfia u f:rjd§ iïm%odhg u wh;a fidaKoKav iQ;%fha § nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a rEmiïm;a;sh ms<sn|
úia;rhla ths'
zzuyK f.dhqïyq jQ l,s úYsIag rEm iïm;a we;af;da h" ±l=ï lghq;= y" m%idockl y"
W;=ï j¾K fi!kao¾hfhka iukaú; y" nUyq fia W;=ï rka meye we;af;da h" W;a;u
33
YÍr m%Nd we;af;da h" ish isrefrys ±laug fkd u| jQ wjldY we;af;da h'''ZZ

f:rjd§ iïm%odhg wh;a mqmaM iQ;%fha § o Wkajykafia ms<sn| ;j;a úia;rhla yuq fõ'
zzuyfKks" Èfhys yg.;a Èfhys jevqKq Wmqf,la fyda mshqfula fyda fy<mshqfula fyda
Èfhka ke.S Èfhka fkd .eà hïfia isgqfka o uyfKks" tfihska u ;:d.; f;fï
f,dje Wmkafka f,dje jevqfKa f,dj uevf.k f,dalhd yd fkd .eà jdih flf¾
hs'ZZ34

nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a w;sudkqIsl;ajh m%lg lrk iqúfYaIS wx. ,CIKhls fo;sia uyd mqreI ,CIK'
fuu iqúfYaIS ,CIK isoaOd¾: f.!;uhka jykafiaf.a YÍrfhys olakg ,enqKq nj f:rjdohg wh;a
iQ;%hka jk fi, iQ;%h"35 iQ;a; ksmd; jF:q.d:d hk ia:dkj, olakg we;s w;r uydmodk"36 ,CLK37
iy n%yaudhq38 hk iQ;%j, iïmQ¾K úia;rhla olakg ,efnhs' tfy;a fndaêi;aFjhka jykafiaf.a
wjika mQ¾j wd;au Ndjfha § o fuu iqúfYaI ,CIK olakg ,enqKq nj uydhdk iïm%odhg wh;a

29
n%yaudhq iQ;%h" u'ks' 2" nqcuq' msg' 282
.pPfk;d fLd mk fid Njx f.d;fud oCÅfKfkj mdfok mGux mllu;s" fid kd;s¥fr mdox WoOr;s" kdppdifk;
mdox ksCÅm;s" fid kd;siS>x .pP;s" ks;sikslx .pP;s" k p woÿfjk woÿjx iX>fggfk;d .pP;s" k p f.dmMflk
f.dmMlx iX>fggfk;d .pP;s" fid .pPfk;d k iFÓx Wkkdfu;s" k iFÓx Tkdfu;s" k iFÒx ikkdfu;s" k iFÓx
úkdfu;s' .pPf;d fLd mkii fNdf;d f.d;uii wOrldfhdj b[c;s' k p ldhnf,k .pP;s' wjf,dflfk;d fLd
mk fid Njx f.d;fud innldfhfkj wjf,dfl;s' fid k WoOx Wf,,dfl;s' k wfOd Tf,dfl;s' k p úfmCLudfkd
.pP;s' hq.u;;[p fmCL;s' ;f;d jii W;;ßx wkdjgx [dKoiikx Nj;s'
30
n%yaudhq iQ;%h" u'ks' 2" nqcuq' msg' 282
fid wk;r>rx múifk;d k ldhx Wkkdfu;s' ''''
31
n%yaudhq iQ;%h" u'ks' 2" nqcuq' msg' 284
fid mf;;dolx m;s.Kyfk;d k m;;x Wkkdfu;s' '''
32
fn!oaO uyd mqreI ixl,amh" fn,a,kaú, úu,r;k ysñ" fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh" foysj," 2000" msg' 41
33
fidKoKav iQ;%h" §'ks' 1' nqcuq' msg' 228
iufKd L¨ f.d;fud wlduldkx ud;dms;=kkx wiiquqLdkx reok;dkx fliuiiqx TydfrFjd ldidhdks jF:dks
wpPdfoFjd w.driud wk.dßhx mnnðf;d'''
iufkd L¨ f.d;fud wNsrEfmd oiikSfhd mdidÈfld mrudh jKKfmdCLr;dh iukkd.f;d n%yujKKs n%yujppiS
wCLqoodjldfid oiidkdh'''
34
mqmaM iQ;%h" ix' ks' 3" nqcuq' msg' 240
fihHÓms NsCLfj" Wmm,x jd mÿux jd mqKvÍlx jd Wofl cd;x Wofl ixjoOx
Wold wppq..uu Gd;s' wkqm,s;;x Woflk" tjfuj fLd NsCLfj" ;:d.f;d f,dfl cdf;d f,dfl ixjfoOd f,dlx
wNsN=hH úyr;s wkqm,sf;;d f,dflkd;s'
35
fi, iQ;%h" u' ks' 2' nqcuq' msg' 598-
36
uydmodk iQ;%h" §' ks' 2' nqcuq' msgq' 2-
37
,CLK iQ;%h" §' ks' 3" nqcuq' msgq' 236-
38
n%yaudhq iQ;%h" u' ks' 2' nqcuq' msgq 576-
8
,,s;úia;rfhys i|yka fjhs' úfYaIfhka u fndaêi;aFjhka jykafia ;=is; foõf,dúka pq; jk úg;a
uõl=i ms<sis| .kakd úg;a fndai;a isrer mßmQ¾K fo;sia uyd mqreI ,CIKhkaf.ka yd wiQ jla
wkqjHxckhkaf.ka iu,xlD;j mej;s nj tys i|yka fõ'

zzfndai;ayq ujql=i keue;s iaj¾K mxcrfhys fyj;a ueKsla ukaÈrfhys ^r;ak jHqy&
iqjfia jdih l<y' fndaêi;aFjhka nqnq¿j,ska iïñY%s; udxY fmaYSka iys; mÜghlska
ieÿï ,o l,, rEmhla fuka ujq l=iska ìys jQfha fkd fõ' tfy;a iïmQ¾Kfhka jevqKq
ish¨ YÍr wjhjhka iys; jQfha ^tfia u& ish¨ ux., ,CIKfhka mßñ;j uqødms;
wdldrfhka ±lsh yels úh'ZZ39

jiqñ;%hka úiska rpkd lrk ,o .%ka:fha § nqÿrdcdKka jykafia wdY%j O¾uhkaf.ka ñÿKq fyhska
kskao fkd ,o nj;a isysk fkd ÿgq nj;a i|yka lrhs' fï yd iudk woyila uq,anqÿiufha § yuq
fkdfõ' kuq;a Wkajykafiaf.a iqúfYaI;ajh fufia úia;r flf¾' zzf,dalfhys uu u ry;a fjñ' uu
u ksre;a;r jQ Ydia;D fjñ' uu tl u iïudiïnqÿ fjñ' ish¨ flf,ia.sks ksùfuka isis,a jQfhñ'
40
tfyhska u ksjqfkï fjñ'ZZ kskao ms<sn|j fyda isysk ms<sn|j fuys§ lsisjla i|yka fkd jqk o
;uka jykafia ish¨ ne£ïj,ska ñÿKq nj;a tksid ;uka jykafia ksjqKq nj;a fmkajd fo;s'

uydhdk iïm%odhg wh;a uydjia;=j yd ,,s;úia;rh fj; ;jÿrg;a wjOdk fhduq lsÍfï § my;
41
i|yka iqúfYaIS lreKq olakg ,efnhs'
1. fndaêi;ajhka jykafia fo;sia uyd mqreI ,CIKhkaf.ka yd wiQwkqjHxckhkaf.ka
iu,xlD;j u ujq l=i ms<sis| .;ay'
2. udhd foaúh l=i ms<sis| .;af;a uyd mqreI ,CIK orkakl= nj isysk w¾:újrKh l< ksñ;a;
mdGlfhda m%ldY l<y'
3. ujq l=i isáh § u fyda foúhkg tu ,l=Kq m%o¾Ykh lf<a h'
4. Y=oaOdjdi jeis foúfhda ^ufyaYajr yq& fo;sia ,l=Kq msßlaiQy'
5. wis; ;jqid ,l=Kq msßlaiS h'
6. f.!;u ;miaùka fndauevg iïm%dma; jQ wjia:dfõ ld, yd kd. hk fofok fo;sia uyd mqreI
,CIK .ek i|yka lrñka Wkajykafiaf.a fY%aIaG;ajh j¾Kkd l<y'42

Wla; lreK hï muKlg uq,a nqÿiuh yd iïnkaO jqj o fuf,iska iïm%odh .e;sj úúO u;s
u;dka;r nqÿiuh ;=< bÈßm;a ùu ms<sn| j f:rjd§ iïm%odh fkd bjiQy' újO u;jdo jHdma;
fjñka mej;s hq.hl § ta u; ì|fy,Sfï wruqK we;s j wjia:d foll § rpkd jQ .%ka: folls
ñ<skaom[ayh iy l:dj;a:qmamlrKh' ñ<skaom[ayfha § nqÿrcdKka jykafia ms<sn|j ñ<s÷ rcq wik
m%Yakj,g kd.fiak ysñ úisska ,ndfok ms<s;=re f:rjd§ woyi fjfiiska iqMqg lrhss'

39
,,s; úia;rh" msg 103
40
wrshmrsfhaik iQ;%h" u'ks' 1' nqcuq' msg' 414
wyx ys wryd f,dfl wyx iF:d wkq;;frd"
tflduys iuudiunqfoOd iS;sN+f;diñ ksnnqf;d'
41
fn!oaO uyd mqreI ixl,amh" fn,a,kaú, úu,r;k ysñ" fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh" foysj," 2000" msg' 48
42
,,s; úia;rh" msg 13-30
9
 zziajdóks" ;:d.;hka jykafiaf.a YÍrhg hïlsis ÿCL fõkdjla we;sfõ o@ tfia h
rc;=uks" we;s fjhs" jrla rc.y mqrfha § Wkajykafiaf.a mdofha ;e,aula we;s jQ l,ays"
mdpk frda.fhka fmf<k wjia:dfõ §" úgl fjo;=uka úiska úf¾l fnfy;a ÿka
wjia:dfõ §" rla; jd;fhka fmf<oa§ yd Wmia:dhl f;reka ;uka jykafiag wjYH
WKq Èh fidhd .sh wjia:dfõ § Wka jykafiag ÿla fõokd we;s úh'ZZ43

nqÿrcdKka jykafiaaf.a YdÍßl úYsIag;ajh yd i¾j{ Ndjfha úYdro;ajh m%lg lsÍug f:rjd§
iïm%odh o ;rul W;aiyhla f.k we;' ta i|yd fo;sia uyd mqreI ,CIK muKla m%udKj;a fkd jQ
44
fyhska wiS;s wkqjHxck kñka ;j;a YdÍßl ,CIK ix.%yhla wdfrdamKh lrk ,È'

flfia jqj o nqÿrcdKka jykafia ms<sn| j muK blaujd lrk meyeÈ,s lsÍï m%;sfCIam lsÍu f:rjdo
iïm%odh nj l:dj;a:qmamlrKfhka meyeÈ,s fõ' zznqÿrcdKka jykafia fï fN!;sl f,dalfhys jev
fkd isáh y'45 nqÿrcdKka jykafia ish¨ Èid ys jev isá fial'ZZ46 hkqfjka uyd ix>slhka lrk ,o
m%ldY ;ukaf.a m%ldY fkd jk nj m%ldY lsÍug f:rjd§yq fkd mels,s jQ w;r tu woyia m%;sfCIam
lsÍug o iu;a úh'

zznqÿrcdKka jykafia f,dal i;aFjhd bÈßfha rÕmEula l<y' Wkajykafia jevuùu

^weú§u&" jevys§u" ie;mSu wd§ bßhõ ±Íu isÿ l< o Wkajykafiag lsis úg úvdjla fkd
ùh' Wkajykafia ;u fomd wmsßisÿ fkdjqk o foùu ^fia§u& isÿ l<y' Wkajykafiaf.a Y%S
uqLh fk¨ï mshqula n÷ iqjo úysÿj o fia¥ y' Wkajykafiag l=i.sks fkdjqko oka
je<¥y' Wkajykafia lsis úg frda.S fkdjqk o m%;sldr ,nd .;ay' fï ish,a, Wkajykafia
úiska mQ¾j ckauhkays § isÿ lrk ,o mqKHYla;Skaf.a úmdlfhda h'ZZ47

uydjia;=fjys i|yka Wla; lreKq o nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a ,CIK f,i f:rjd§yq fkd
ms<s.ks;s'
flfia jqj o ld,dkqj¾:kh ùfï m%;sM,hla jYfhka o ñksidf.a woyia yd wjYH;d u;
fjkiaùfï m%;sM,hla jYfhka o j¾;udkh jk úg f:rjd§ yd uydhdk jYfhka myiqfjka
fjka fldg y÷kd.; yels ,CIK olakg we;af;a iaj,am jYfhks'

mQcH b¨flafj, Oïur;k ysñ"

B.A. (BPU), M.A., MPhil. (Kelaniya),
lÓldpd¾h"
fn!oaO o¾Ykh wOHkdxYh"

43
ñ<skao m[ay" 135
44
fn!oaO uyd mqreI ixl,amh" fn,a,kaú, úu,r;k ysñ" fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh" foysj," 2000" msg' 50
45
Kathāvatthu, xviii, p. 1
k j;;nnx nqfoOd N.jd ukqiif,dfl wgGdiS ;s'
46
Kathāvatthu, xxi, p. 6
innd Èid nqoOd ;sgGk;S ;s'
47
Mahāvastu, i, p. 169, L ankāâtāra Sutta p. 28, 34
10
fn!oaO wOHhk mSGh"
Y%S ,xld fn!oaO yd md,s úYajúµd,h

11