Решение

1 Определяем степени статической неопределимости: λ = N пр.оп. + N защ = 1 + 0 = 1

2 Каноническое уравнение: δ11 ⋅ X 1 + ∆1F = 0
3Строим эпюры от действия внешней нагрузки и от X 1 = 1;
4 Находим коэффициенты и свободные члены канонического уравнения по правилу Верещагина
1 1 1 2 1 2  2,666 ⋅ a 2, 666
δ11 =  M1 ⋅ M 1  =  ⋅1 ⋅ 5 ⋅ a ⋅ ⋅1 + ⋅ 1 ⋅ 3 ⋅ a ⋅ ⋅1  = =
E⋅J   E⋅J 2 3 2 3  E⋅J E⋅J
Определим площади участков грузовой эпюры изгибающих моментов ( М F ) и ординат под
центрами их тяжести в единичных эпюрах ( M 1 и M 2 )
1
∆1F = [ω1 y1 + ω2 y2 + ω3 y3 + ω4 y4 + ω5 y5 + ω6 y6 + ω7 y7 + ω8 y8 + ω9 y9 + ω10 y10 ] =
EJ
1  1 2 1  2 10 ⋅1
2
2 10 ⋅12 1 2 1  1 2 1 
=  − ⋅ 0, 2 ⋅1⋅  ⋅ 9 + ⋅ 26  + ⋅ ⋅1⋅ 0,1 + ⋅ ⋅1⋅ 0,3 + ⋅17 ⋅1⋅  ⋅ 0,2 + ⋅ 0, 4  + ⋅ 24 ⋅1⋅  ⋅ 0, 4 + ⋅ 0,2  +
EJ  2 3 3  3 8 3 8 2 3 3  2 3 3 
1 2 1  1 2 1  1 2 1  1 2 1 
+ ⋅ 24 ⋅ 2 ⋅  ⋅ 0,4 + ⋅ 0,8  + ⋅ 28 ⋅ 2 ⋅  ⋅ 0,8 + ⋅ 0, 4  + ⋅ 28 ⋅1⋅  ⋅ 0,8 + ⋅1 + ⋅17,334 ⋅ 2 ⋅  ⋅ 0,333 + ⋅1 −
2 3 3  2 3 3  2 3 3  2 3 3 
1 2   −1,4666 + 0,0833 + 0,25 + 2,2666 + 4 + 12,8 + 18,6666 + 12,1333 + 9,63 − 0,963 57,4
− ⋅ 8,667 ⋅1⋅  ⋅ 0,333 = =
2 3  EJ EJ
5 Найдем лишние неизвестные ( сократив при этом все на EJ ):
−∆ 1 F − 57, 4
X1 = = = − 21, 525 кН ⋅ м
δ 11 2, 6666
6 Находим неизвестные реакции и строим эпюры Q и M
AC : ∑ M A = 0; RD '⋅ 5 ⋅ a + X 1 − M 1 + M 1 − F2 ⋅ 4 ⋅ a − q1 ⋅ 2 ⋅ a ⋅ a = 0
− X 1 + M 1 − M 1 + F2 ⋅ 4 ⋅ a + q1 ⋅ 2 ⋅ a ⋅ a − ( −21, 525 ) + 26 − 26 + 30 ⋅ 4 ⋅1 + 10 ⋅ 2 ⋅1 ⋅ 1
RD ' = = = 32, 305кН
5⋅a 5 ⋅1
∑ M C = 0; − RA ⋅ 5 ⋅ a + X 1 − M 1 + M 1 + F2 ⋅ a + q1 ⋅ 2 ⋅ a ⋅ 4 ⋅ a = 0
X 1 − M 1 + M 1 + F2 ⋅ a + q1 ⋅ 2 ⋅ a ⋅ 4 ⋅ a −21, 525 − 26 + 26 + 30 ⋅ 1 + 10 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 4 ⋅1
RA = = = 17, 695кН
5⋅a 5 ⋅1
DE : ∑ M D = 0; RE ⋅ 3 ⋅ a − X 1 + M 3 = 0
X 1 − M 3 −21, 525 − 26
RE = = = −15,842 кН
3⋅ a 3 ⋅1
− X 1 + M 3 − ( −21, 525 ) + 26
∑M E = 0; − RD ''⋅ 3 ⋅ a − X 1 + M 3 = 0; RD '' =
3⋅ a
=
3 ⋅1
= 15,842 кН

RD = RD '+ RD '' = 32, 305 + 15,842 = 48,147 кН

Проверка кинематическая (деформационная) проверка состоит в проверке равенства нулю перемещений
заданной системы по направлению их неизвестных. Для этого перемножим по правилу Верещагина эпюру M на
эпюру от единичной силы.
 1
∆1F = [ω1 y1 + ω2 y2 + ω3 y3 + ω4 y4 + ω5 y5 + ω6 y6 + ω7 y7 + ω8 y8 + ω9 y9 + ω10 y10 + ω11 y11 + ω12 y12 ] =
EJ
1  1 2 1  2 10 ⋅1
2
2 10 ⋅12 1 2 1 
=  − ⋅ 0, 2 ⋅1⋅  ⋅13,305 + ⋅ 26  + ⋅ ⋅1⋅ 0,1 + ⋅ ⋅1⋅ 0,3 + ⋅12, 695 ⋅1⋅  ⋅ 0, 2 + ⋅ 0, 4  +
EJ  2 3 3  3 8 3 8 2 3 3 
1 2 1  1 2 1  1 2 1 
+ ⋅15,39 ⋅1⋅  ⋅ 0, 4 + ⋅ 0, 2  + ⋅15,39 ⋅ 2 ⋅  ⋅ 0, 4 + ⋅ 0,8  + ⋅10, 779 ⋅ 2 ⋅  ⋅ 0,8 + ⋅ 0, 4  +
2 3 3  2 3 3  2 3 3 
1 2 1  1 2 1  1 2 1 
+ ⋅10, 779 ⋅1⋅  ⋅ 0,8 + ⋅1 − ⋅ 21,526 ⋅1⋅  ⋅1 + ⋅ 0,8  − ⋅ 21,526 ⋅ 2 ⋅  ⋅1 + ⋅ 0,333  +
2 3 3  2 3 3  2 3 3 
1 2 1  1 2 
+ ⋅10,158 ⋅ 2 ⋅  ⋅ 0,333 + ⋅1 − ⋅15,842 ⋅1⋅  ⋅ 0,333  =
2 3 3  2 3 
−1, 7536 + 0, 0833 + 0, 25 + 1, 6926 + 2,565 + 8, 208 + 7,186 + 4, 6709 − 10, 045 − 16, 742 + 5, 643 − 1, 7602 0
= =
EJ EJ
M max
7 Двутавровое сечение подбираем σ= ≤ R,
WX

WX =
M max
⋅106 =
( 26 ) ⋅106 = 123,809cм3
R 210
Принимаем двутавр N18 c d = 5,1мм; J X = 1290cм 4 ;WX = 143cм3 ; S x = 81, 4cм3 ;
Фактическое напряжение
M max ⋅106 ( 26 ) ⋅10
6

σ= = = 181,818МПа
WX ⋅103 (143) ⋅103
Недогрузка балки составляет:
210 − 181,818
⋅100 = 13, 419%.
210
Проверим балку по касательным напряжениям (опасное сечение в середине двутавра, где наименьшая
толщина):
Qmax ⋅ S x ( 32, 305 ) ⋅10 ⋅ ( 81, 4 ) ⋅10
3 3

τ max = = = 39,97 МПа < RC = 130 МПа

Jx ⋅d (1290 ) ⋅104 ⋅ ( 5,1)
Находим начальные параметры y0 , θ0 из условий закрепления балки:
При x=0 y A = y0 = 0 ⇒ EJy0 = 0
При x = 5a yD = 0
Тогда записав уравнение для сечения D ( x = 2a1 ) :
R ⋅ (5 ⋅ a ) q ⋅ (5 ⋅ a ) q ⋅ (3 ⋅ a ) F ⋅ (a ) M ⋅ (5 ⋅ a ) M ⋅(4 ⋅ a)
3 4 4 3 2 2

EJy D = 0 + EJ θ 0 ⋅ ( 5 ⋅ a ) + A − 1 + 1 − 2 − 1 + 1 =0
6 24 24 6 2 2
получим
 R ⋅ ( 5 ⋅ a ) q1 ⋅ ( 5 ⋅ a ) q1 ⋅ ( 3 ⋅ a ) F ⋅ ( a ) M1 ⋅ (5 ⋅ a ) M1 ⋅ ( 4 ⋅ a )
3 4 4 3 2 2

− A + − + 2 + −
EJ θ 0 = 6 24 24 6 2 2 = −3,995 ( кН ⋅ м 2 )
2⋅a
RA ⋅ ( 2, 5 ⋅ a ) q1 ⋅ ( 2,5 ⋅ a ) q1 ⋅ ( 0,5 ⋅ a ) M 1 ⋅ ( 2,5 ⋅ a ) M 1 ⋅ (1,5 ⋅ a )
3 4 4 2 2

EJy X = 2,5⋅a = ( EJ θ 0 ) ⋅ ( 2,5 ⋅ a ) + − + − + = −32,158 ( кН ⋅ м 3 ) ;

6 24 24 2 2

y2 =
EJy X = 2,5⋅a
=
( −32,158 ) ⋅1012 = −12, 464 ( мм ) ;
E ⋅ JX 2 ⋅105 ⋅1290 ⋅10 4
RA ⋅ ( 6,5 ⋅ a ) R ⋅ (1,5 ⋅ a ) q1 ⋅ ( 6,5 ⋅ a )
3 3 4

EJy X = 6,5⋅a = ( EJ θ 0 ) ⋅ ( 6, 5 ⋅ a ) + + D − +
6 6 24
q1 ⋅ ( 4,5 ⋅ a ) F2 ⋅ ( 2,5 ⋅ a ) M 1 ⋅ ( 6,5 ⋅ a ) M 1 ⋅ ( 5, 5 ⋅ a )
4 3 2 2

+ − − + = 3, 982 ( кН ⋅ м 3 ) ;
24 6 2 2

y3 =
( EJy X =6,5⋅a ) =
( 3, 982 ) ⋅10 12

= 1,543 ( мм ) ;
E ⋅ JX 2 ⋅105 ⋅1290 ⋅10 4