Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Module 5 Gen Chem 2 q4
Module 5 Gen Chem 2 q4
Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I
All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.
Management Team:
2
General
Chemistry
2
Quarter 4 – Week 5 - Module 5
Redox Reactions
3
TARGET
4
JUMPSTART
Oxidation and reduction always occur simultaneously. This means that if one
substance is oxidized, another substance must be reduced. The term oxidation
was first introduced when Antoine Lavoisier discovered oxygen and proposed the
theory of combustion. Combination between any substance and oxygen has since
been described as an oxidation process. By the turn of 20 th century, it was noted
that the oxidation process always seemed to involve loss of electrons.
Consequently, the accompanying process which involves gaining of electrons is
called reduction.
In the illustration
provided it can be observed
that the reactant, an electron,
was removed from the reactant
A, and this reactant is
oxidized. Similarly, reactant B
was handed an electron and
was therefore reduced. The
loss of electrons and the
corresponding increase in the
oxidation state of a given reactant is called oxidation. The gain of electrons and the
corresponding decrease in the oxidation state of a reactant is called reduction.
REMEMBER!!!
"Redox" is a word coined from two chemical terms: Reduction –
species gain electrons Oxidation – species lose electrons
OILRIG
Oxidation is lossReduction is gain
5
Although reduction and oxidation take place simultaneously, it is often
convenient to consider them as separate processes and can be presented as two
half reactions. Hence this reduction may be written as:
For example:
2Mg(s) + O2( g) → 2MgO(s)
REMEMBER!!!
Oxidizing agent – substance reduced; undergoes a decrease in oxidation number
Reducing agent – substance oxidized; undergoes an increase in oxidation number
e that is reduced in a reaction is the oxidizing agent because it gains electrons. The substance that is oxidized in a reaction is th
For you to understand better about the oxidizing agent and reduction
agent, the activity below is given to test and further widen your knowledge about
the said topic.
Determine whether the underlined element is oxidized or reduced in
a given partial equation and state if it is an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent
1. H2O2 → O2
2. KBrO3 → KBr
3. Fe + FeSO4 → Fe2(SO4)3
4. Na2C2O4 → CO2
5. I2 → KI
6
DISCOVER
1. The oxidation state of a free and uncombined element is zero. E.g. Mg0,
H20, S80, C0.
2. The usual oxidation state of:
a. Hydrogen is +1, except in metallic hydrides ( Li+1, H-1 )
b. Oxygen is -2, except in peroxides where it is -1 ( H2-1 , O2-1 )
c. Elements under group IA is +1, IIA is +2, and IIIA is +3.( Na +1, Mg+2,
Al+3)
3. In a compound, the algebraic sum of the total positive and
negative oxidation number is always equal to zero.
Example: In KClO3, the oxidation state of K = +1 and O = -2
Let x = oxidation state of Cl
Upon substitution: +1 + x + (3) (-2) = 0
+1 + x – 6 = 0
X = +5
4. The algebraic sum of the positive and negative oxidation states of all atoms
in ion is equal to the charge of the ion.
Example: In ClO3-1, the oxidation state of O is -2
Let x = oxidation state of Cl
Upon substitution: x – (3) (-2) = -1
x + 6 = -1
x = +5
Note that the oxidation number of Cl, whether it is in the compound KClO 3,
or in ClO3-1 ion is the same as, +5.
Given equation :
Fe2O3(s)+CO(g)→Fe(s)+CO2(g)
7
Step 1: Assign the oxidation numbers of the elements in the chemical equation,
Step 3: Determine the total increase and decrease in oxidation number or total
number of electrons lost and gained. From C +2 to C+4, oxidation number
increaed by 2 per C or 2 electrons lost. From Fe +3 to Fe0, oxidation number
decreased by 3 per Fe, but since there are 2Fe involved, indicated by the
subscript of Fe, total decrease is 2 x 3 = 6 or 6 electrons gained.
Step 5: Finish balancing by counting the number of atoms of each elemnt then
adjusting the coefficients until the same number of atoms are found on both
sides of the equation. Usually oxygen is counted last. The balanced equation is,
Balanced equation :
Fe2O3(s)+3CO(g)→2Fe(s)
+3CO2(g)
8
EXPLORE
Exercise:
I. Assign oxidation state to the underlined element.
1) Cl2
2) SO2 6) Na2S2O3
3) K2O2 7) NaN3
4) Cr2O7 -2 8) CH4
5) Na2O2 9) Fe203
10) MnO2
2. N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
5. 3Mg + N2 → Mg3N2
9
DEEPEN
1. Al + HCl → AlCl3 + H2
Balanced equation:
Oxidizing agent:
Reducing agent:
10
GAUGE
11
Criteria for each item
For Redox Reactions:
Solution following the 5-step process 10 points
Balanced equation 3 points
Oxidizing agent 1 point
Reducing agent 1 point
For Non redox reactions
NONREDOX 5points
12
References:
A. Books
13