Pre-Laboratory Report

Reverse Osmosis
Laura Reyes 1 and Daniela Conde Bustos 2
1 Universidad de La Sabana; laurareyac@unisabana.edu.co
2 Universidad de La Sabana; danielacobu@unisabana.edu.co

Received: 2 March 2022

1. Objectives

General objective

Determine the selectivity of the membrane used for the purification of saline water.

Specific objectives

• Calculate the conversion rate Y and the rejection rate of the membrane Rm

• Determine the polarization factor

• Compare the changes in pressure drop and the selectivity of the membrane

2. Materials and equipment

Material Safety Information

Product indication
Chemical name Sodium chloride
Molecular weight 58,44 g/mol Formula NaCl
Indication of dangers
Physical and health hazards N/D
Pictogram phrases

R-40 Possible carcinogenic effects.

Avoid contact with eyes and
S-24/25 skin.

Toxicological information Acute toxicity.

Manipulation and storage Store tightly closed and dry.

Collect dry and proceed to
Toxic substances Measures to be taken in case of accidental spill the elimination of residues.

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First aid

Inhalation In case of inhalation get fresh air.

Eye contact Wash eyes with plenty of water for 15 minutes. Seek medical attention.

Skin contact Wash skin with plenty of water for 15 minutes. Seek medical attention.

Ingestion Rinse mouth with plenty of water and do not induce vomiting

Materials requested

Material Quantity
Sodium chloride 50 g
Volumetric flask (50 mL) 10
Measuring cylinder (25 mL) 1
Spatula 1
Microspatula 1
Beaker (1L) 1
Beaker (100 mL) 10
Glass stirring rod 1

2. Methodology
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Calibration
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Calibration curve
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Process to use
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3. Data Recollected
DP (bar) CF (g/L) D
QR (L/h)
QP (L/h)
Cond R
(mS)
Cond P
(µS)

DP (bar) CF (g/L)
QR (L/h)
QP (L/h)
Cond R
(mS)
Cond P
(µS)

DP (bar) CF (g/L)
QR (L/h)
QP (L/h)
Cond R
(mS)
Cond P
(µS)

DP (bar) CF (g/L)
QR (L/h)
QP (L/h)
Cond R
(mS)
Cond P
(µS)

Signature:
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4. Treatment of results

4.1 Calculation of permeability, Av

𝝅𝑫𝟐
𝑺𝑴 =
𝟒
𝑸𝑷
𝑱𝑽 =
𝑺𝑴

𝑱𝑽 = 𝑨𝑽 ∙ (∆𝑷 − ∆𝝅)

𝑱𝑽 : Local specific flux of the solvent through the membrane (m3/(m2s))

𝑺𝑴 : Surface of the membrane

𝑸𝑷 : Flow rate of the permeate

𝑨𝑽 : Permeability of the membrane for the solvent (m2s/kg)

∆𝑷: Pressure drop across the membrane (Pa)

∆𝝅: Osmotic pressure difference across the membrane (Pa)

4.2 Calculation of the osmotic pressure, Δ𝜋

When Jv = 0:

𝟎 = 𝑨𝑽 ∙ (∆𝑷 − ∆𝝅)

4.3 Calculation of the conversion, Y and rejection rate, TR

𝑄%
𝑌=
𝑄&
𝑄&
𝑈=
𝑆'
𝐶& − 𝐶%
𝑇𝑅()* =
𝐶&
+,-.!"# 𝑱𝑽
Graph ln ( -.!"#
) vs0 %.'
+,-.(!)*
When 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = ln ( -.(!)*
)
𝐶' − 𝐶%
𝑇𝑅1(23 =
𝐶'

4.4 Calculation of the polarization factor

𝐶'
𝛾=
𝐶&

5. References

Wankat, P. C. (2007). Separation process engineering. Prentice Hall.

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PIGNAT SAS. Osmosis Inversa. Documentación técnica. Retrieved 27 February 2022.

Dražević, E., Košutić, K., & Freger, V. (2014). Permeability and selectivity of reverse osmosis
membranes: Correlation to swelling revisited. Water Research, 49, 444–452.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.029