2/14/2022 PubMed Central, Table 

2: Nutr Rev. 2021 Jun; 79(6): 627–635. Published online 2020 Sep 25. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa095

Table 2
Effect of drug use and treatment methods on the nutritional status

Drug use OST Detoxification

Food Consumption of 1 meal/d with higher preference Binging on sweets in early phases of treatment
Better appetite and increased number of meals
preferences for sugars and fats and lower intakes of fruits with more structured food intakes in later
and vegetables High consumption of sugars, yogurt, and soft recovery stages
drinks with low intakes of fruits and vegetables

Macro- and Higher energy, proteins, and carbohydrates after Higher energy, proteins, and carbohydrates
Deficits in energy and protein
micronutrient initiation of treatments, with a decrease in later after initiation of treatments, with a decrease
intake Majority of vitamins and minerals below RI stages in later stages.

Plasma nutrients Majority of micronutrient levels stayed below the Majority of micronutrient levels stayed below
Low levels of Se, K, Fe, vitamins A, D, C, and E
recommended levels. the recommended levels.
High levels of Mg, Na, and Ph attributed to
dehydration

Anthropometrics Decrease in BMI and weight with variations Significant increase in BMI and weight, with more Increase in weight and food intake in early
based on the type of drug significance in women, placing them in the stages of recovery
overweight category.
Metabolic Low levels of total and HDL-cholesterol, leptin, Increase in total and HDL-cholesterol and leptin
parameters FBS, Hct, and Hb levels

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FBS, fasting blood sugar; Fe, iron; Hb, hemoglobin; Hct, hematocrit; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; K, potassium; Mg, magnesium;
Na, sodium; OST, opioid substitution treatment; Ph, phosphorus; RI, recommended intake; Se, selenium.

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