Topic: Polynomials

Division Algorithm
➢ Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder
被除式 = 除式 × 商式 + 餘式
➢ f ( x) = d ( x)  Q( x) + R( x) , where the degree of R(x) is smaller than that of d(x).

Remainder Theorem
➢ When a polynomial f(x) is divided by x − a, the remainder is f(a).
➢ When a polynomial f(x) is divided by x + a, the remainder is f(−a).
n
➢ When a polynomial f(x) is divided by mx − n , the remainder is f( ).
m
Factor Theorem
➢ If x − a is a factor of f(x), then f(a) = 0, and vice versa.
n
➢ If mx − n is a factor of f(x), then f( ) = 0, and vice versa.
m

e.g. 1: Find the quotient and the remainder

− x2 − x + 2
when (− x3 + 3x − 4) is divided by ( x − 1) . x − 1 − x3 + 0 x 2 + 3x − 4

− x3 + x 2
∴ Quotient = − x 2 − x + 2 − x 2 + 3x
Remainder = −2 − x2 + x
2x − 4
2x − 2
−2
e.g. 2: Let f ( x) = x3 − 6 x 2 + kx + 30 , where k is a constant. It is given that f ( x) = ( x − 3)(ax 2 + bx + c) ,
where a, b and c are constants.
(a) Find a, b and c.
(b) Someone claims that all the roots of the equation f ( x) = 0 are integers. Do you agree?
Explain your answer.
Soln:
(a) ∵ x − 3 is a factor of f(x). (b)
f (3) = 0 f ( x) = 0
∴ (3) − 6(3) + k (3) + 30 = 0
3 2
( x − 3)( x − 3x − 10) = 0
2

k = −1 ( x − 3)( x + 2)( x − 5) = 0
x = −2, 3 or 5
f ( x) = x3 − 6 x 2 − x + 30
So, yes.
= ( x − 3)( x 2 − 3x − 10) (by long division)

∴ a=1, b = −3 , c = −10 。

P.1
 Topic: Polynomials
HKDSE:
1. SP#10

2. PP#10

3. 2013#12

4. 2014#7

5. 2015#11

6. 2016#14

P.2
 Topic: Polynomials
7. 2017#14

8. 2018#12

P.3
 Topic: Polynomials
HKCEE:
1. 2007#14

2. 2006$10

3. 2005#10

4. 2002#4

P.4
 Topic: Polynomials
Answer:
HKDSE:
1. (a) 5x +2 (b) No (b) 2 distinct real roots
(b) (i) a = 2, b = –1 4. (a) Yes 7. (a) –9
(ii) x = 1, –3 or –0.4 (b) Yes (b) No
2. (a) 0 5. (a) h = 2, k = –5 8. (a) a = –19, b = –135
(b) f(x) = (x+3)(3x–2)(2x–1) (b) No (b) No
3. (a) a = 3, b = –1, c = 4 6. (a) l = 3, m = –1, n = –4

HKCEE:
1. (a) (i) k = 39 2. (a)(ii) a =2, b =3 (bii) g(x) = (x–3)(x+1)(x+2)
(ii) f(x) = (x+3)(x+9)(4x–9) − 3  41 4. (a) 0
3 2 (b) x =
(b) (i) C = 16x + 156x 4 (b) f(x) = (x–2)(x–3)(x+3)
3
(ii) 2.25cm 3. (a) f(x) = x –7x

P.5