Reproduction in plants

CHAPTER – 12
CLASS – 7th
 Do you know what is Reproduction?

• The production of new organisms from their parents is

called reproduction.
• Plant reproduction is the production of new offspring in
plants, which can be accomplished by sexual
or asexual reproduction.
• Sexual reproduction produces offspring by the fusion
of gametes, resulting in offspring genetically different
from the parent or parents.
• Asexual reproduction produces new individuals without
the fusion of gametes, genetically identical to the parent
plants and each other, except when mutations occur.
 Asexual
Reproduction
• The type of reproduction in which new plants
arise without the formation of seeds
Vegetative propagation

Budding

Spore formation

Fragmentation
 Vegetative propagation
The type of reproduction in which new plants
arise from vegetative parts of the plant is called
vegetative propagation.eg Potato, ginger, bryophyllum.
 Budding
• The reproduction which occurs through the
formation of buds is called budding.
• Bud – The small bulb like projection coming out
from cell is called bud.
 Spore formation
• The reproduction through the formation of
spores is called spore formation.
 Fragmentation
The type of reproduction in which a cell
breakes up into two or more fragments.
1.The type of reproduction in which new
plants arise with the formation of seeds.

2.In this type of reproduction, the

reproductive parts of a plants i.e,
flowers are involved.
 Flower

Attractive Reproductive
parts parts

Stamen Pistil
Sepals Petals
(male part) (female
part)
Petals

Sepals

Pistil
 Flower

Stamen Pistil
(male part) (female part)

Anther Filament
Stigma Ovary

Style
Types of flowers
• Unisexual – Consist either stamen or pistil but
not both.
E.g. Corn, papaya & cucumber.

• Bisexual – Consist both stamen and pistil.

E.g. Mustard and rose.
 Male Reproductive Parts
Stamens – the male
reproductive pare of a flower.

Pollen – is a powder that

contains male reproductive
cells that is produced by
stamen.
 Female Reproductive Parts

Female Reproductive Parts

Pistil – contains the
female reproductive
parts of a flower.

Ovary – part of the

flower in which seeds
develop, located at the
bottom of the pistil in a
hollow structure.
 POLLINATION
The process of transfer of pollen grains from stamen of a
flower to pistil of the same or different flower is called
pollination.
It is of two types as :-
a. Self Pollination
b. Cross Pollination
Self Pollination – pollen is carried from stamen to pistil of SAME flower
Cross Pollination – pollen is carried to from stamen to pistil of a DIFFERENT
flower
 FERTILISATION
The cell which results after fusion of the gametes
is called a zygote. The process of fusion of male
and female gametes(to form zygote)is called
fertilisation. The zygote develops into embryo.
 Fruits and seed formation

After fertilisation, the ovary grows into a fruit and other parts
of the flower fall off. The fruit is the ripened ovary. The seeds
develop from the ovules. The seeds contain an embryo
enclosed in a protective seed coat. Some fruits are fresh and
juicy such as apple, mango and orange where as others are
hard like almonds and walnuts.
 DISPERSAL Of SEED
• A same kind of plant grows in different places. It is due
to the process of seed dispersal.
• The process of carrying of seeds from one place to
another is called seed dispersal.
• Seed dispersal is the movement, spread or transport
of seeds away from the parent plant.
• Plants have limited mobility and rely upon a variety
of dispersal vectors to transport their propagules,
including both abiotic vectors such as the wind and living
(biotic) vectors like birds.
Dispersal Mechanisms
Name the method of dispersal
in the following:
 Germination
Once a seed is dispersed, if it lands in soil it may germinate.
Germination – is the sprouting of a new plant from a seed (seed developing
into a plant).
Steps of Germination
1) First,
seed absorbs so much water that it
swells and bursts its seed coat.
2) Stored food inside provides energy for the
roots, stem, and leaves to start growing.
3) After plant emerges from soil, it can capture
sunlight and perform photosynthesis.
 Recapitulation
1. How many types of reproduction are there in plants? Explain.
2.Rita saw a rose flower with a long stem. She was curious to know how a
rose plant reproduce. Give method by which a rose plant can be grown.
3. What is pollination? Explain self-pollination and cross-pollination with the
help of a diagram.
4. What is vegetative propagation? Describe vegetative propagation through
different parts of the plant.
5. Which is more advantageous for plants-self-pollination or cross-pollination?
Give reasons for your answer.
6. After a rainy season, while Shaina was strolling in her garden, noticed
many small plants of various fruits and flowers which were not present in her
garden. She wondered where they had come from as nobody had planted
them there. As Shaina loves gardening she started cleaning the area around
the small plants and taking care of them.
(a) How plants propagate through sexual mode of reproduction?
(b) What is an embryo?
(c) What do you think the plants grown in Shaina’s garden had come from?
(d) How do seeds of some fruits like tomato, guava or brinjal propagate?