Good day everyone we are the group 3 and we are here to present to you the information age

When we say information, it means that it is a processed data, when data that were gathered were
processed then it will become information. So basically information ay processed data. When we say
information age we are talking about how data were processed over time. From ancient time to present
time…merong ibat ibang ways kung paano napaprocess ng mga tao yung data para maging information
na ginagamit nila sa day to day life. At yan ang pag uusapan natin ngayon sa topic na ito na The
information age

The Information Age

LESSON OBJECT;

After we discuss the topics we will be able to learn about information age, the history of information age
and the factors that need to be considered in checking sources

 DEFINE INFORMATION AGE

 DISCUSS THE HISTORY OF INFORMATION AGE
 UNDERSTAND THE FACTORS THAT NEED TO BE CONSIDERED IN CHECKING WEBSITE SOURCES

Lets go back to history to learn more about kung pano nag process yung data into information sa ibat
ibang panahon

HISTORY

Table 1. timeline of the information age

Date Event
3000 B.C. Sumerian writing system uses pictographs to represent words.
Sumerian sila yung one of the earliest civilization kasabay ng mga ancient Egypt at sila ay
gumamit ng pictographs in their writing parang sa mga Egyptians din ganon ang ginagamit para
irepresent ang mga words, ang tawag sa form of writing ng mga Sumerian ay Cunei form and sa
ganitong way ng pagsusulat nila napapasa ang mga information

2900 Beginnings of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing.

So yun nga kasabayan ng mga Sumerian ang mga Egyptian at meron din silang form of writing
na Hieroglyphic meaning Holy Writing it is a combination of letters and symbols to form a word.
Funfact there is a total of 1000 Letters and symbols in Hieroglyphics

1300 Tortoise shell and oracle bone writing were used

This were used in China for divination, yung tortoise shell ginagamit nila sa pyromancy, eto
yung hinuhulaan nila yung future using fire tapos sinusulat nila yung hula dun sa shell or bone.
500 Papyrus roll was used
-Ginagamit to mainly sa Egypt it is made from a plant, ito yung makikita nyo dun sa mga movies
na mga scroll paper.
.
100 A.D. Book (parchment codex).
Parchment is a also a writing material parang papyrus din sya pero made from animal skin

105 Wood-block printing and paper is invented by the Chinese.

Woodblock painting is basically a form na hindi na gumagamit ng brush, meron carvings sa
wood tapos nilalagyan ng ink para malagay sa paper parang printer

1802 The Library of Congress is established. Invention of the carbon arc lamp.
-This was established in the US, ito ang pinakamalaking library sa buong mundo. While arc
lamps ay gumagamit ng carbon rods to ignite the lamp

1830s First viable design for a digital computer.

The first computer design was called analytical engine ginagamit to pang compute ng
mathematical problems

1837 Invention of telegraph in Great Britain and the United States.

Telegraph ay telephone na ginagamit pang communicate pang long distance

1861 Motion pictures projected onto a screen.

A series of still pictures were

projected rapidly by means of light
which
resulted to an illusion of moving
pictures
A series of still pictures were
projected rapidly by means of light
which
resulted to an illusion of moving
pictures
Series of pictures were projected by means of light which resulted to the illusion of moving
pictures

1876 Dewey Decimal system introduced.

-Deway decimal system ito yung ginagamit sa mga libraries to get information para makita mo
san banda nakalagay yung book, naka arrange yung book based sa number from 000-999

1899 First magnetic recordings were released.

-with this invention nadevelop yung sound recording which became the standard for all
recording devices until today

1923 Television camera tube invented by Zvorkyn.

-Zvorkyn is the father of television dahil sya nag invent ng television camera, his invention used
to scan images tapos ittransmit para mapunta sa television

1940s Beginnings of information science as a discipline.

-All branches of science cognitive scientce, psychology, math, logic at iba pang branches of
science is started to be stored and transfer the information
1945 Vannevar Bush foresees the invention of hypertext.
-Memex is the name of the device of proto-hypertext na ginagamit to compress and store their
books and records which became inspiration to the development of world wide web.

1946 ENIAC computer developed.

 Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer yung unang programmable device used to compute large
numerical problems.

1948 Birth of field-of-information theory proposed by Claude E. Shannon.

-This field of information ay naging way para sa mga ibat ibang researches and discovery
including invention of compact disk ito yung dvd, feasibility of mobile phone, development of
internet and many more developments and researches about information
.
1984 Apple MacIntosh computer introduced.
-Apple macintosh is the first computer introduced with a user interface and a pointed mouse
Mid-'80s Artificial intelligence separates from information science. Hindi na sya pang
mathematical computation lang dahil madami na syang functions

1987 Hypercard developed by Bill Atkinson recipe box metaphor.

Hypercard made hypertext link possible na ginagamit para malink yung mga electronic
documents

1991 Four hundred fifty complete works of literature on one CD-ROM.

-World library incorporated produced a CD rom that contains 450 classsical literature and history
documents pinapakita dito na mas Malaki ang na sstore na data ng CD-ROM compared sa laser
disk kasi digital na napprocess yung dat compared sa laser disk na analog process

FIGURE 7. EVOLUTION OF MAN AND INFORMATION

As man evolved, information and its dissemination has also evolved in many ways. Eventually,
we no longer kept them to ourselves instead, we share them and manage them in different means.
Information got ahead of us. It started to grow at rate we were unprepared to handle.

- As man evolved, information and its dissemination has also evolved in many ways.
- Richard Wurman called it “ Information Anxiety”
Nakita naman natin na nag evolved talaga yung pag process, pag distribute ng information over
time. Nung una from stone tablet na mga pictographs tapos naging paper, then na gumamit na din
ng mga text at symbols. Then nagkaroon ng books as storage of information, then naestablish ang
largest library until today. Haggang nagkaroon ng motion pictures then nainvent yung TV then next
yung computer and the rest is history. Makikita natin na habang tumatagal nag iimprove yung pag
process at distribute ng information.

Truth the Information Age ( n.d .), Robert Harris detailed some facts on the Information Age
1. Information must complete - evolution with the information made the information more
complete and accurate, mas detailed na yung mga information na makukuha natin dahil
available ito ngayon everywhere.
2. Newer is equated with truer – Information also become more accurate over time kasi may
nadadagdag na researches at may mga bagay na nag babago over time dahil the only thing that
is constant is change.
3. Selection is a viewpoint – Having multiple sources for the information is very important para
yung mga data na makukuha natin will be more accurate and balanced viewpoint.

4. You are what you eat and so is your brain – This is true with the information that we get, we
often live with it, sometimes we do conclusions and ideas based on the data that we gathered
without knowing the whole context nung topic na yun, kaya kailangan ng further reseach about
the topic itself before making a conclusion kasi may tendency na maling information pala yung
nakuha natin.

5. Anything in great demand will be counterfeited – The demand for incredible knowledge,
scandals, and secrets is ever-present; hence many events are fabricated by tabloids, publicists,
or other agents of information fraud.

6. Ideas are seen as controversial – It almost certainly impossible to make any assertion that will
not find some detractors. Since idea is not universal there will always be some who will oppose
the information even if it is the truth.

7. Undead information walks ever on – Rumors, lies, disinformation, and gossips never truly die
down. They persist and continue to circulate.

8. Media presence creates the story – people behave much differently from the way they would if
being filmed when the media are present especially television media. The way people behave
pag may nakabantay sa kanila is sometimes different when the camera is off, kaya yung
information that they portray in public may not be true in real life.

9. The medium selects the message – Television is mainly pictorial partially aural, and slightly
textual, so visual stories are emphasized. Kung ano yung nakikita natin visual ay yung na yung
magiging main point of information na maeemphasize hindi dun sa kung ano yung narinig or
nakasulat kasama nung images.

10. The whole truth is a pursuit – The information that reaches us is usually selected, verbally
charged, filtered, slanted, and sometimes, fabricated. What is often even more important than
what is included. That is why it is important for us to pursuit and do a research thoroughly so
that the information that we wll have is accurate.
 COMPUTER – A computer in an electronic devices that stores and processes data (information). It
runs on a program that contains the exact, step by step directions to solve a problem

-So computer is not just the typical device that we use pang search, pang facebook or other things.
Basically anything that processes data is a computer . tulad nung nadiscuss kanina that the first
computer is only used to compute mathematical problems. Just like calculator which is a handheld
computer where we input numberical data tapos ipprocess nya to make a solution as a result.

TYPES OF COMPUTER

1. PERSONAL COMPUTER (PC) – It is a single – user instrument . PCs wee first known as
microcomputers since they were a complete computer but built on a smaller scale than the
enormous system operated by most business

-Personal computers are used as a single user instrument, since other computer were used for other
while interconnected to other server or central system for it to operate, Personal comuter ito yung mga
typical na ginagamit natin na computer sa bahay kung meron man.

2. DESKTOP COMPUTER – It is described as a PC that is not designed for portability . the

assumption with a desktop is that it will be set up in a permanent spot . A workstation is simple
a desktop computer that has a more powerful processor, additional memory, enhanced
capabilities for performing special group of tasks, such as 3D graphics or game development.
Most desktop offer, more storage power, and versatility than their portable versions

-Desktop computer eto yung computer na yung set up nya ay pang permanent spot, kumbaga
isang upuan sya hindi sya portable. Commonly composed of cpu, keyboard, monitor and mouse.
So anong kinaiba nya sa PC? Basically ang PC is also a desktop kasi hindi sya portable, but not all
Desktop are PC kasi merong desktop na hindi lang pang single user, it can be accessed by other
user kasi connected sila sa isang server.

3. LAPTOPS – These are portable computers that integrate that essentials of a desktop computer
in a battery – powered package, which are somewhat larger than typical hardcover book. They
are commonly called notebooks.
-Laptops are portable computeres. with almost the same function ng desktop computer

4. PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANTS (PDAs) – These are tightly integrated computers that usually
have no keyboards but rely on a touch screen for user input. PDAs are typically smaller than a
paperback , lightweight, and battery-powered

-Basically PDA are computers na hindi gumagamit ng keyboard only touchscreen like mobile phone
is an example of PDA.
 5. SERVER – It refers to a computer that has been improved to provide network services to other
computers. Servers usually boast powerful processors, tons of memory, and large hard drives.
Like what Ive said earlier some desktop computer is not personal computer, server is like a
central system of several computers.

6. MAINFRAMES – These are huge computer system that can fill an entire room. They are use
especially by large firms to describe the large, expensive machines that process millions of
transactions every day. The term “ mainframe” has been replaced by enterprise server.
Although some supercomputers are single computer system, most comprise multiple, high
performance, parallel computers working as a single system.

7. WEARABLE COMPUTERS – They involve materials that are usually integrated into cellphones,
watches , other small objects or places. They performed common computer applications such
as databases ,email , multimedia, and schedulers. Ito yung ibang devices na nasusuot at
nakapapag process din ng information like watches, smart glasses etc

THE WORLD WIDE WEB (internet)

- The World Wide Web (Internet) Several historians trace the origin of the Internet to Claude E Shannon,
an American Mathematician who was considered as the "Father of Information Theory." He worked at
Bell Laboratories and at age 32, he published a paper proposing that information can be quantitatively
encoded as a sequence of ones and zeroes. The Internet is a worldwide system of interconnected networks
that facilitate data transmission among innumerable computers. It was developed during the 1970s by the
Department of Defense. In case of an attack, military advisers suggested the advantage of being able to
operate on one computer from another terminal. In the early days, the Internet was used mainly by
scientists to communicate with other scientists. The Internet remained under government control until
1984 (Rouse, 2014). One early problem faced by Internet users was speed. Phone lines could only
transmit information at a limited rate. The development of fiber-optic cables allowed for billions of bits of
information to be received every minute. Companies like Intel developed faster microprocessors so
personal computers could process the incoming signals at a more rapid rate (UShistory.org, 2017). Sergey
Brin and Larry Page, directors of a Stanford research project, built a search engine that listed results to
reflect page popularity when they determined that the most popular result would frequently be the most
usable. After talking with family, friends, and other investors into contributing $1 million, the researchers
launched their company in 1998. Google is now the world's most popular search engine, accepting more
than 200 million queries daily. Electronic mail, or email, was a suitable way to send a message to fellow
Back then, new forms of communication were also introduced. workers, business partners, or friends.
Messages could be sent and received at the convenience of the individual. A letter that took several days
to arrive could be read in minutes Internet service providers like America Online and CompuServe set up
electronic chat rooms. These were open areas of cyberspace where interested parties could join in a
conversation with perfect strangers. "Surfing the net" became a pastime in and of itself (UShistory.org,
2017) Consequently, companies whose businesses are built on digitized information have become
valuable and powerful in a relatively short period of time, the current Information Age has spawned its
own breed of wealthy influential brokers, from Microsoft's Bill Gates to Apple's Steve Jobs to Facebook's
Mark Zuckerberg. Critics charged that the Internet created a technological divide that increased the gap
between the members of the higher class and lower class of society. Those who could not afford a
computer or a monthly access fee were denied these possibilities. Many decried the impersonal nature of
electronic communication compared to a telephone call or a handwritten letter On one hand, the
unregulated and loose nature of the Internet allowed pornography to be broadcast to millions of homes.
Protecting children from these influences or even from meeting violent predators would prove to be
difficult. Nowadays, crimes in various forms are rampant because of the use of social media.
Cyberbullying is an issue that poses alarm worldwide. Consequently, we need to be aware of the possible
harm and damage due to abuse of these advances in the Information Age.

US History

Applications of Computers in Science and Research One of the significant applications of computers for
science and research is evident in the field of bioinformatics. Bioinformatics is the application of
information technology to store, organize, and analyze vast amount of biological data which is available
in the form of sequences and structures of proteins-the building blocks of organisms and nucleic acids-the
information carrier (Madan, n.d.). Early interest in bioinformatics was established because of a need to
create databases of biological sequences. The human brain cannot store all the genetic sequences of
organisms and this huge amount of data can only be stored, analyzed, and be used efficiently with the use
of computers.While the initial databases of protein sequences were maintained at individual laboratories,
the development of a consolidated formal database, known as SWISS-PROT protein sequence database,
was initiated in 1986. It now has about 70,000 protein sequences from more than 5,000 model organisms,
a small fraction of all known organisms. The enormous variety of divergent data resources is now
available for study and research by both scademic institutions and industries. These are made available as
public domain information in the larger interest of research community through the Internet
(www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) and CD-ROMS (on request from www.resb.org). These databases are constantly
updated with additional entries (Madan, n.d.). Computers and software tools are widely used for
generating these databases and to identify the function of proteins, model the structure of proteins,
determine the coding (useful) regions of nucleic acid sequences, find suitable drug compounds from a
large pool, and optimize the drug development process by predicting possible targets. Some of the
software tools which are handy in the analysis include: BLAST (used for comparing sequences);
Annotator (an interactive genome analysis tool); and GeneFinder (tool to identify coding regions and
splice sites) (Madan, n.d.). The sequence information generated by the human genome research, initiated
in 1988, has now been stored as a primary information source for future applications in medicine. The
available data is so huge that if compiled in books, the data would run into 200 volumes of 1,000 pages
each and reading alone (ignoring understanding factor) would require 26 years working around the clock.
For a population of about five billion human beings with two individuals differing in three million bases,
billion entries. The present challenge to handle such huge volume of data the genomic sequence
difference database would have about 15,000,000 is to improve database design, develop software for
database access, and manipulation and device data-entry procedures to compensate for the varied
computer procedures and systems used in different laboratories. formally announced on the 26th of June
2000 involved more than 500 x 1018 (500 million trillion) calculations during the process of assembling
The much-celebrated complete human genom the sequences alone. This can be considered as the biggest
exercise in the history of computational biology (Madan, n.d.).

National Center for Biotechnology Information

APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS IN SCIENCE AND REASEARCH

1. Who is the author of the article /site?

 How to find out?
Look for an “ about “ or” More about the author” link at the top, bottom, or sidebar of
the webpage. Some pages will have a corporate author rather than a single person as an
author. If no information about the author of the page is provided, be suspicious.
 Does the author provide his or her credentials?
 W hat type of expertise does he or she have on the subject he or she is writing
about? Does he or she indicate what his here education is?
 What type of experience does he or she have? Shoud you trust his or her
knowledge of the subject?
Try searching on the internet for information about the author

 What kind of website are associated with the author name? is he or she affiliated
with any educational institution?
 Do commercial sites come up? Do the websites associated with the author give you
any clues to particular biases the author might have

2. WHO PUBLISHED THE SITE
 How to find out?
 Look at the domain name of the website that will tell you who is hosting the
site. For instance, the lee college library website is; http://www. Lee. Edu/
library. The domain name is “lee.edu.” This tells you that library website is
hosted by Lee College.
 Search the domain name at http://www.whois.sc/. The site provide information
about the owner of register domain names. What is organization’s main
purpose? Check the organization’s main website, if it has one. Is it educational?
Commercial? Is it a reputable organization?
 Do not ignore the suffix on the domain name (The three letter part the “,”) the
suffix is usually (but not always) descriptive of what type of entity hosts the
website. Keep in mind that it is possible for sites to obtain suffixes that are
misleading. Here are some examples ;

.edu = educational
.com = commercial
.mil = military
.gov = government
.org = nonprofit

3. What is the main purpose of the site? Why did the author write it and why did the publisher
post it?
 To sell a product?
 As a personal hobby?
 As public service?
 The further scholarship on a topic?
 To provide general information on a topic?
 To persuade you of a particular point of view
4. Who is the intended audience?
 Scholars or the general public?
 Which age group is it written for?
 Is it aimed at people is it written for?
 It is aimed at people from a particular geographic area ?
 It is aimed at members of a particular profession or with specific training?
 5. What is the quality of provided of the website?
 Timeliness:: when was the website first published? It is regularly updated? Check for
dates at the bottom of each of the site.
 Does the author cite their sources? Just as in print sources, web sources are considered
more reliable.
 What type of other sites does the website link to? Are they reputable sites?
 What type of sites link to the website you are evaluating? Is the website being cited by
others?

EXAMPLES OF USEFUL AND RELIABLKE WEB SOURCES

1. AFA e-Newsletter (Alzheimer’s Foundation of America newsletter)

2. American memory – the library of congress historical digital collection.
3. Bartleby, Great Books Online – A collection of free e –book including fiction, nonfiction,
references and verses.
4. Chronicling America – Search and view pages from American newspapers from 1880-1922.
5. Cyber bullying – A free collection of e-book from ebrary plus additional reports and documents
to help better understand, prevent and take action against this growing concern.
6. Drug information websites::
 National library of medicine’s medline plus
 Drug.com
 PDRhealth
7. Global gateway: world culture & resources ( from the library of congress)
8. Google books
9. Googlescholar.com
10. History sites with primary documents:
 AMDOCS : Documents for the study of American history
 Avalon project : documents in law, History and diplomacy ( Yale Law School)
 Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Colonial Latin America
 Teacher Oz’s Kingdom of History
11. Illinois Digital Archieves – the Illinois State Library working with libraries museums, and historical
societies in Illinois provides this collection of materials related to Illinois history
12. Internet Archive – a digital library of internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital form.
13. Internet Archive CARLI digitized resources
14. Internet Public Library
15. Ipl2 – a merger of librarians internet index and internet public library, special interest may
include the “ literary Criticisms” page which can be found after clicking on the “ Special
Collections “ link.
16. Librarians Internet Index
17. Making of America – a digital library of primary sources in American social history.
18. Maps – from the University of Texas at Austin collection includes historical and thematic maps.
19. Nation Master – a massive central data source and a handy way to graphically compare nations.
It is a vast complication of data from such sources as the CIA World Facebook, UN, and OECD
20. Nursing sites::
 AHRQ ( www.ahrq.gov)
 National Guidelines Clearinghouse ( www.giudeline.gov)
 PubMed (www.nlm.nih.gov)
21. Project Gutenberg – the first and largest single collection of free electronic books with currently
over 20,000 e-books available.
22. Shmoop – literature, and poetry information written primarily by PhD and masters students
from the top universities like standford, Berkeley, Harvard, and Yale,
23. State master – a unique statistical database which allows you to research and compare a
multitude of different data on US states using various primary sources such as the US Census
Bureau, the FBI, and the National Center for Educational Statistics. It uses Visualization
technology like pie charts, maps, graphs, and scatter plots to provide data.
24. Virtual reference – selected web resources complied by the library of congress.