Leccture--3

4.3. Log
g-periodicc antennass:

A log-period dic antenna is an anteenna havingg a structuural geometrry such thaat its
impedancce and radiaation characcteristics reppeat periodiccally as thee logarithm of frequenccy. In
actual practice, the variation
v oveer the frequency band off operation iss minor, andd the log-perriodic
antennas are usually considered tot be frequen ncy independdent antennaas.

Although
A nummber of log g-periodic sttructures hass been repoorted in the literature, in the
section so
ome typical structures arre explained
d without dettailed analyssis.

Examplee 1:

Fig. 4.5 Planeer and wire logarithmica

l ally periodic antennas.

This stru
ucture is charracterized by
y the geomettric ratio

Rn

Rn1

And the width

w of the antenna slott

rn

Rn1

If two freequencies f1 and f2 are on

ne period apart, then
 f1
 , f2 > f 1
f2

Examplee 2:

Fig.4
4.6 Planer an
nd wire trapeezoidal toothhed log-perioodic antennas.

The operrational perfformance off these anteennas is the same as thhat of the structure shoow in
Example-1

Examplee 3:
 Fig.4.7 Metal strip
p log-period
dic configuraation and anttenna structuure

In ( r ,  ,  ) co-ordinaate system, th
he shape of this
t antenna structure is given by

  Periodic function of [b
[ ln(r)]

where b is
i a constantt and r speciffics the leng
gth from the origin.

Examplee 4: (Dipole array)

Fig.4.8 Dipole arrray

It consistts of a sequeence of sidee-by-side parrallel linear dipoles form

ming a coplaanar array. These
arrays sh
how high direectivities (7--12dB) over a wide banddwidth.

These
T arrays are characteerized by

1 ln1 Rn 1 d n 1 sn 1
   
 ln Rn dn sn

The parameters are shown in Fig

g. (4.8)
Another parameter th d with a dipoole array is the spacing factor  deefined
hat is usuallly associated
by

Rn 1  Rn

2ln 1

To aid th
he design off log-periodiic array, Caarrel proposeed a set of ccurves, as shhown in 4.99. For
oose parametters  = 0.8 and
example,, we can cho a  = .12 ffor a predictted gain of 6.5 dBi.

Fig.4.9 The parameeters  and  can be chossen from thiss graph. [Souurce: R. L. C
Carrel, Analyysis
and desig
gn of log-periodic antenna, Ph.D. Diissertation, E
Elect. Engg. Dept., Univversity of Illiinois,
Univerrsity of Illino
ois, Ann Arbbor, Michigaan]

Two diffferent conneections of the

t dipole array
a are shhown in Figg. (4.9), witth their radiiation
patterns.
Fig.4.10
0 Log-period
dic dipole arrray connectiions.