3.

Present Perfect Tense

Structure:
Subject + Has/have + Verb (v3)

Example:
1. He has made this colorful chart.
2. I have completed my assignment.

Present perfect tense expresses the completion of the action or task of the present.
For example, I have taken two doses of medicine.

Signal Words
 for
 since
 yet
 still
 already
 ever
 till now

Structure / Formula
Subject + has/have + Past participle (v3)
Subject (He/she/it) has Past participle(V3)

Subject (I/We/They) have Past participle(V3)

Positive Sentences
To make the positive sentences, we use this structure,

Subject + has/have + Past participle (V3)

Examples of positive sentences

 Julia has made a sponge cake.

 He has gone to the hill station.
Negative Sentences
We add ‘not’ after auxiliary verb to make the sentence negative.
Subject + has/have + not + Past participle (V3)
Examples of negative sentences.

 Julia has not made a sponge cake.

 He has not gone to the hill station.
Question Sentences
To make the question, auxiliary verb come at the start of the sentence and question
mark at the end.

Has/have + subject + Past participle (V3) + ?

Examples of question sentences.

 Has Julia made a sponge cake?

 Has he gone to the hill station?
Usage

Usage Example

How long? I have been at work for six hours.

The work that has recently been completed. He has just cooked the meal.

Time period that has not finished. She has drunk two cups of tea today.

To describe the specific moment of time. We have lived in this house since 2015.
Example Sentences
 The laborer has pushed the cart.
 She has kneaded the flour.
 I have traveled to Rome.
 He has spent all his money.
 I have taken the examination this month.
 John has written an essay on education.
 Peter has rescued the cat.
 He has read his favorite book.
 The police have caught the thief.
 They have played badminton.

Passive Voice
Usually, passive voice of present perfect tense is made when the subject is not
known. For example,

 Flowers have been plucked. (affirmative)

 Flowers have not been plucked. (negative)
 Have the flowers been plucked? (question)

Structure of passive voice sentences,

Object + has/have + been + Verb(v3)

Exercises
1. _____ he ___________ the flowers? (pluck)
2. Jami __________ with the guitar. (play)
3. Anu _________ the flour. (knead)
4. The laborer _________ the carriage. (push)
5. We _____ not _________ the ruinations. (sketch)
6. I _________ an interesting essay. (write)
7. ________ you ________ holidays on the beach? (spend)
8. _______ our leaders ________ for the prosperity of our country? (work)
9. He ______ not _______ the M.A. Examination this year. (take)
10. I _________ my clothes. (iron)
11. The doctor _________ the pulse of the patient. (feel)
12. Jamid ________ on a foreign tour. (go)
13. He _____ not ________ the birds. (shoot)
14. They _________ the tea. (take)
15. Shiza _________ the dose of medicine. (take)
Answers
1. Has he plucked the flowers?
2. Jami has played with the guitar.
3. Anu has kneaded the flour.
4. The laborer has pushed the carriage.
5. We have not sketched the ruinations.
6. I have written an interesting essay.
7. Have you spent holidays on the beach?
8. Have our leaders worked for the prosperity of our country?
9. He has not taken the M.A. Examination this year.
10. I have ironed my clothes.
11. The doctor has felt the pulse of the patient.
12. Jamid has gone on a foreign tour.
13. He has not shot the birds.
14. They have taken the tea.
15. Shiza has taken the dose of medicine.

Present Perfect Tense Exercises: It is practice exercise having 15 sentences.

Complete sentences are given at the end of the exercise.

The mechanic ___________ my car.

has fixed

had fixed

is fixing

Micheal ___________ all the lectures today.

had attended

has attended

attended

Has he _________ to college?

gone

went

go
He _________ admission to Government College
Lahore.
got

get

has got

The police _________ a case against him.

have registered

had registered

registered

He _________ his debt.

had paid

paid

has paid

All the passengers _________ from the train.

have alighted

alighted

are alighting

The culprit has not _________ his crime.

confess

confessing

confessed

She _________ upon my advice.

acted
has acted

had acted

The house painter _________ the house.

has whitewashed

whitewashed

had whitewashed

The hound _________ the rabbit.

had caught

has caught

catch

The chef _________ the meal.

has prepared

prepare

prepared

He _________ his holiday at beach.

has spent

spend

had spent

All the birds _________ in the air.

have flown

flew

had flown

I _________ my favorite book.

has bought

have bought

bought

Answers
1. The mechanic has fixed my car.
2. Micheal has attended all the lectures today.
3. Has he gone to college?
4. He has got admission to Government College Lahore.
5. The police have registered a case against him.
6. He has paid his debt.
7. All the passengers have alighted from the train.
8. The culprit has not confessed his crime.
9. She has acted upon my advice.
10. The house painter has whitewashed the house.
11. The hound has caught the rabbit.
12. The chef has prepared the meal.
13. He has spent his holiday at beach.
14. All the birds have flown in the air.
15. I have bought my favorite book.