A SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

CASE: GREENER E-BIKE

Honglei Li
School of Computing, Engineering, and Information Science, Northumbria University,
Newcastle Upon Tyne UK.
Email: Honglei.Li@northumbria.ac.uk

Abstract
This paper introduces a case study based on a start-up company called Greener Electronic Bike. This company
was set up by two bicycle fans in the year 2006. After the initial setting up of the company, the electronic
bicycles were sold successfully to major retailers such as Argos or Halfords. In the last few years they decided
to expand the company by setting up an online storefront on the Internet by hiring a consulting company. The
case provides the background for students to work on a set of assignments by analysing the many challenges
and problems this small company might face as it continues to grow.Teaching notes are provided in the second
part of the case study and a sample systems analysis and design (SAD) project specification with solutions is
illustrated for lecturers to refer. The analysis phase of the SAD project is then discussed and key issues are
raised.

Keywords: Teaching case, Electronic Bike, Greener, Systems analysis and design, SDLC
 A SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
CASE: GREENER E-BIKE
Abstract
This paper introduces a case study based on a start-up company called Greener Electronic Bike. This company
was set up by two bicycle fans in the year 2006. After the initial setting up of the company, the electronic
bicycles were sold successfully to major retailers such as Argos or Halfords. In the last few years they decided
to expand the company by setting up an online storefront on the Internet by hiring a consulting company. The
case provides the background for students to work on a set of assignments by analysing the many challenges
and problems this small company might face as it continues to grow. Teaching notes are provided in the second
part of the case study and a sample systems analysis and design (SAD) project specification with solutions is
illustrated for lecturers to refer. The analysis phase of the SAD project is then discussed and key issues are
raised.

Keywords: Teaching case, Electronic Bike, Greener, Systems analysis and design, SDLC
1.0 Greener E-Bike Case
Greener E-Bike is a small company set up by two bicycle fans, Paul and Peter, in the year

2006. Paul used to be an engineer and he invented a very light folding electronic bicycle—

weighing only 9KG and using the same battery as those used in mobile phones and laptops.

Peter used to be a designer in an air-conditioning company. He applied his expertise to design

the bicycle in a way that is highly functional as normal electronic bicycles but yet both

fashionable and colourful. The company outsources all the parts of the bicycle to a

manufacturer and assembles finished bicycles in their Garage. To protect their products,

Greener’s E-Bike has been patented. A series of their products in different colours and styles

are very popular among the younger age market. Because the product is super light yet

smaller compared to the normal bikes, it can be folded and put in the boot of a car. Both

children and adults can ride the bike. However, the cost of the E-Bike is much higher

compared to normal bikes. For example, normal bikes without batteries are sold at a price of

£200 pounds but a Greener E-bike is sold at the price of around £500 pounds. A very popular

style of the Greener e-bike is similar to pictures shown in Figure 1.

 Figure 1. Greener E-Bike Pictures
The uniqueness of the the Greener bike lies not in its ultra-lightness but also its fun for riding.

While the traditional bikes are comparatively heavy and big and perceived as a transportation

tool, the Greener E-Bike provides functions well beyond just a transportation tool but for

leisure and play. Because of its unique design, it has been perceived as a fashionable

expression of oneself. It can be used on pedals alone, on electric power alone, or combined.

The ultra-small design of the bike makes it easy to be ridden on almost every occasion. Some

people ride it to commute to work and some other people just use it as a leisure tool. The

following Youtube video demonstrates how it could be ridden for fun at home.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hyHbAByzFY

The company used to be a wholesaler providing new Greener E-bikes to shops and

supermarkets. They have several stable business customers such as Argos and Halfords. The

current business model is stable and the revenues are stable. They can sell about 300 E-Bikes

across the UK and earn about £60, 000 pounds annual net profit. In the past several years,

sales have grown at 3 to 5 per cent every year. The problem with the current selling strategy

is that sales are restricted by the shops and supermarkets. The company does not have enough
permission to launch promotion and brand awareness and so this can be limiting. Meanwhile,

it’s very hard to get customers’ feedbacks on the bike. For example, not many people notice

the Greener E-Bike in Argos’ thousands of pages catalogue.

1.1 Business Needs

After researching the current bicycle market, Paul and Peter decided to change the current

business model by not only providing bicycles to shops and supermarkets, but also opening

up an online store to sell Greener E-Bikes directly to customers. They have considered selling

in E-Bay and other auction websites but found that there are too many limitations. For

example, they can’t display the unique functions of their bicycles. The payment methods are

very restricted and the commission charge for the business accounts in E-Bay is quite high.

After all the initial market research, they are considering setting up their own online shop.

They considered hiring a software development company to design their own online shop.

Their initial budget for this project is £50,000 pounds. They hope the new systems can

increase their sales at least 30% annually.

1.2 Requirements for the New Website

Currently, they have a very simple website that provides basic information about the

company and the E-Bicycle (the product information showing simple pictures, contact

methods, operating hours, etc). The website was developed by an Internet Service Provider

(ISP) in the UK and maintained by Paul. The ISP cost is about £1000 pounds per year

including hosting and maintaining the web pages. Paul is enthusiastic with technology,

especially Internet technology. He normally maintains the current system through the Internet

from his home computer. It’s easy and he only needs a virgin media broadband connection to

the ISP server at the cost of £25 pounds per month. However, he still has a lot to learn when

it comes to conducting business over the web. As such, Greener E-Bike is interested in

investigating the possibility of creating an e-commerce site that will work with the current

website.
They would like the new website to help them to sell their Greener E-Bikes online.

Specifically, they hope the website can enable the customers to

 Search and browse various bikes

 Place orders through the website
 Get feedback from customers
 Provide functions for customers to interact with each other
 Provide the support information for the e-bike
 Promote e-bikes through the website
 Provide a business customer section for the existing shops such as Argos. This section should give
business customer simple information and contact methods.

As for the maintenance of the website, they would like it to be hosted in the existing ISP at

the price of £2000 pounds per year. They also expect Paul to act as the main person to

maintain the website to save costs. By hosting the websites in another website this way, they

can save both hardware and software costs. There is no need for them to consider upgrading

the current computer and purchasing any new software. They also hope no more staff can be

hired after the new website is implemented as they don’t really have an official office.

Everything seems promising with setting up a new online selling website. Will all their

requirements be met by the new online selling website? Is there any challenge they are going

to face but neglect? How realistic are their estimates? What else they should take into

account? In your assignment you will help the founder of E-Bike to develop and implement

their new strategy.

2.0 Teaching Notes

2.1 Background
Systems Analysis & Design (SAD) is often difficulty to teach not only because it’s hard to

get students involved but also because SAD itself is a practical field. This is true in both

classroom teaching and after class assessment. To get knowledge delivered effectively, real

examples and cases are often essential for students to grasp the abstract concept from

practice. Without a solid practical ground, it’s very common for lecturers to ‘talk to the air’

without enough students’ reaction and interaction in the classroom. The assessment for SAD
should also be closely associated with the practical cases and examples of real companies for

students to have the real sense of the SAD process. As the SAD projects requires the IS

analyst to have a great understanding of the business problem, the technology, and the

business processes to solve the problem, learning SAD itself is a process that will develop

students’ communicational, interpersonal, and collaborative skills. It’s based on this practical

philosophy that the IS curriculum design recommends (Topi et al., 2010) from the

communication of AIS and ACM who proposed that a course project is highly recommended

for the design of SAD courses.

To develop technical and non-technical skills needed for the SAD course, broadly speaking,

two alternatives for group projects might be adopted by lecturers. The first approach is for

lecturers to assign students a real company for them to analyse the problem and provide SAD

solutions. Lecturers have the responsibility of either identifying a suitable company or

assigning a well-known company for students to do the assignment. Students benefit from

this approach by understanding the real situation and interacting with the real world scenario.

However, this approach is challengeable in several ways. First, it’s time consuming for the

lecturers to contact the real company. Second, not all students are active enough to interact

with the real companies. The majority of them might just do a surficial job. Alternatively, the

lecturer might use a written case for students to work out a project solution for the case.

Normally these cases are accompanied with the textbook. However, many SAD cases in the

textbook are often too tedious for students to follow. Even lecturers have to spend much time

to figure out the case background and requirements to do the project. Design of the group

projects from textbook cases is not an easy task due to the complexity of the case itself. There

is a need for concise and small cases to design the undergraduate SAD group projects. The

requirements for the case should consider providing the real world business scenario but keep

all business details as concise as possible. At the same time, the business functions and
context of the case should enable students to understand the business problem, analyse the

business process, and provide the solution easily. This means no complex business function

should be involved.

This paper presents a concise written case ideal for the SAD group projects. The case of

Greener E-Bike is based on real online selling scenarios common to many companies,

especially SMEs. In only around 1000 words, it addresses all the basic business functions

from customer information management, ordering and ordering management, delivery, to

customer services management, enough to provide all materials necessary to do the SAD

projects. It also captures all the fundamental business processes and is detailed enough to

stimulate students’ creative thinking skills at the same time. Specific data to analyse for the

SAD project, especially the systems analysis data are also provided. It consists of case

background information, the text of the case, and discussion of the requirements analysis of

the case. The paper illustrated how to design the SAD project for students to develop their

communication and group collaboration skills. Finally, the solution for the SAD of the case

is provided including the most essential information such as project proposal, feasibility

analysis, requirements definition, use case, data flow diagrams, ERD, and functional

diagrams. The case could also be easily adapted to do object-oriented SAD projects with

UML. The guidelines on delivering the case are discussed.

The case presented here has been used in a level 2 undergraduate semester-long course,

Systems Analysis and Design in a British Business School. The course is called SAD but the

main focus is on the system analysis phase because systems analysis skills are more favoured

for business students. The course was designed to enable students to understand skills

necessary to analyse the business problems by tools such as use cases, DFD, and ERD. The

aims of the course are to enable students to understand the importance of the SAD, the SAD

project life cycle, and all the essential steps to develop a SAD proposal. The focus of the
assignment thus requires students to analyse the presented case here and provide a system

proposal for the case problems. The course adopted the textbook Systems Analysis and

Design from Denis et al. (Dennis, Wixom, & Roth, 2012).

Students worked in group of 5 through the whole semester for this project. They are required

to act as the software development company. The task is to do the analysis and design job for

Greener E-Bike’s e-commerce website using the concept of Systems Development Life Cycle

(SDLC) method. They need to provide a systems proposal based on the Systems

Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method. The templates for each deliverable will be given

based on the course content. If they need to have an interview with the management team of

the Greener E-Bike Company, they can make an appointment with the Greener E-Bike

representative, the lecturer whenever they feel there is a need to do so. The assignment is

announced in the beginning of the term but released at the fourth week. The average grade for

the project is 60 out of 100.

2.2 Case Analysis Illustration

Following the guidelines from the textbook (Dennis, Wixom, & Roth, 2012; Dennis, Wixom,

& Tegarden, 2012), The analysis phase normally started with a systems request together with

a series of other documents including feasibility analysis, requirements analysis, use cases,

business process analysis logic through Data Flow Diagram (DFD), and ER-D. All the

documents combined together is called a systems proposal. Use cases are normally used in

the UML approach but we also taught here for students to understand the business scenario.

It’s thus also included in the assignment as a major part. Students are required to produce a

system proposal with all the above documents. The following section presented the case of

Greener E-Bike.

The analysis phase started with understanding the company. Students are required to first

start with the table of contents of the system proposal. Those documents produced by

students are written in italic. An executive summary is the first component required. It should
summarize all the essential information in the proposal so that a busy executive can read it

quickly and decide what parts of the plan to read in more depth. Many students did not

achieve this objective by either providing unrelated content or lengthy descriptions of the

project. Lecturers should emphasize clearly on this point in the beginning of the project and

recap it before project submission.

The next component is the system request, which details the business needs of the project.

Students should be able to relate the business requirements and needs with the project

description. They should be able to distinguish the business needs and link them with the

potential benefits provided. This is the very hard part in terms of grasping the concepts for

the students. Here the business needs are setting up an online bike shop so that more

customers could buy bikes online. The online shop should provide the functions of displaying

products, placing orders, and customer interaction. The online systems are expected to attract

more customers and generate 30% more revenue each year. Students are expected to analyse

and convert those benefits from this online shop into tangible benefits and intangible benefits.

The feasibility analysis thus further details the business needs in the specific levels, technical

feasibility, economic feasibility, and organizational feasibility. Here the technical feasibility

might have some risk because both owners of the shop don’t have experience of online

selling and management. A cost-benefit analysis tables is required to provide essential

information for the business case. Students in this phase should be able to identify both the

tangible and intangible costs and benefits to do the calculations and find the break-even point.

The aim of this part is for students to understand the practical criteria for a SAD project to be

approved. In the next step, the requirements definitions are captured by interviewing the

company representative. Students need to classify requirements into functional and non-

functional requirements and list the specific functions. The detailed functions are provided in

the appendix. Students normally struggle in this part because they might not want to
interview the company representative. That’s why the interview scripts are assessed as part of

the assignment.

After the initial four components, the next three components included in the system proposal

are use cases, business process model by Data Flow Diagram (DFD), and ER diagram.

Students should be aware that these three components are closely related with the previous

three components, particularly the requirements definition components. Use cases illustrate

the basic process that the systems need to support. Here customers view and select bikes,

customers place orders and check, and customer’s feedback to the website are three main

important business scenarios involved. Students are easily lost in this part as they couldn’t

identify and simplify the process. They normally come out with every detail of the scenarios.

Some students might mix up business processes with credit card check out process, which is

outsourced to the third party. After the use cases, the DFD provides a set of process models

including contextual diagrams, level 0 and 1 diagrams, and descriptions of the to-be system

should be provided. This may include process models of the current as-is system that will be

replaced. Students might provide different styles of diagrams and they are required to use the

Crow’s Foot notation for DFD. Consistent with the uses cases, DFDs are drawn in three

levels, with level 2 describing activities in each business process. Lastly, the ER diagram

provides a set of data models and descriptions for the to-be system. This may include data

models of the as-is system that will be replaced. Again, the diagram requires students to use

Gane and Sarson’s symbol set. Students are recommended to use Microsoft Visio to draw

these diagrams. The detailed solutions for use cases, DFDs, and ERD are provided in the

appendix section. Students are required to compile all documents together and make it the

system proposal of the Greener E-Bike company.

3.0 Conclusions
This paper provided a case on SAD with teaching notes and suggested solutions. This case

has been successfully used the level 2 undergraduate SAD group project for two years in a

business school in a British University. The class size is around 100 students each year.

During the first year, the normal system analysis method with data flow diagrams was

adopted and the OOSAD approach with UML was adopted during the second year. Students

are guided for the whole period of the project and interviews are taken during the group

project period. By doing the group project, students are given opportunities to interact with

lecturers and their general feedbacks on this case are positive. The case could also be used in

other related courses such as business process management, electronic commerce, systems

analysis, electronic marketing, etc.

References:
Dennis, A., Wixom, B. H., & Roth, R. M. (2012). Systems analysis and design (5th ed.).
Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.
Dennis, A., Wixom, B. H., & Tegarden, D. P. (2012). Systems analysis design, UML version
2.0 : an object oriented approach (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Topi, H., Valacichy, J. S., Wrightz, R. T., Kaiser, K., NunamakerJr., J. F., Sipiorzz, J. C., &
Vreede, G.-J. d. (2010). IS 2010: Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Degree
Programs in Information Systems. Communications of the Association for
Information Systems, 26, pp. 359-428.
 Appendix: Suggested Solution and Marking Scheme for the SAD
Project

System Request (4 marks)

Marking allocation: business need, project description, and special issues 1

mark, business requirements 1 mark, and business value 2 marks)
Project Name: Greener E-Bike Online Selling System
Project Sponsor: Greener E-Bike Company
Name: Paul
Department: Founder
Organization: Greener E-Bike Company
Business Need:
This project has been initiated to increase sales by creating the capability of selling E-
Bikes to customers over the Internet using the existing website provided by an ISP.
Business Requirements (Functionality): (1 mark)
Using the built website, the customers should browse bikes and place orders over the
Internet. There should also be some product support and customer support function.
Specifically, the website should provide the following major functions.
1. Search and browse various bikes
2. Place orders through the website
3. Get feedbacks from customers
4. Provide functions for customers to interact with each other
5. Provide the support information for the e-bike
6. Promote e-bikes through the website
7. Provide a business customer section for the existing shops such as Argos. This section
should give business customer simple information and contact methods.
Business Value: (2 marks depending on the answer there should be two points
provided)
Currently the e-bikes are only sold in the shops and supermarkets. Customer can’t be
aware of the product name as well as the product functions. We expected the new
system can provide a direct selling channel to the market. Conservatively, we expect a
steady growth in sales after the new system installed.
Tangible:
We expected the company can increase sales by 30%, 18, 000 pounds in the first year,
23,400 pounds in the second year, and 71, 820 in the third year
Intangible:
Our current problem is that selling can only be through shops and supermarkets by
our business customer with low brand name awareness. We would expect that the
brand name awareness be increased after the launch of the website. We also expect
that our website can join some affiliate E-Bike selling website such as E-
Bikedirect.co.uk and British Electronic bicycle Association http://www.beba-
online.co.uk/British_Electric_Bicycle_Association_-_BEBA/Welcome.html so that
more selling will be reached.
Special Issues or Constraints:
We might view this as a strategic system. This internet system will add value to our
current business model, and it also will serve as a proof-of-concept for future internet
endeavours. For example, we might shift our focus on direct selling over the internet.
We can also expand our business this way.
The system should be in place for the Christmas shopping season the end of the year.
There might be the need to have some backup mechanism for the systems.
Feasibility Analysis (6 marks)

(Students should demonstrate analysis in the answer)

Mark distribution (technical feasibility 2 marks: economic feasibility 2 marks, and organizational
feasibility 2 marks)

After careful investigation, the development team provided the following feasibility analysis.

Technical Feasibility: Can We Build It?

The Greener E-Bike online selling system is feasible technically, although there is some risk.
 Greener E-Bike’s familiarity with online selling applications is moderately high.
1. Both Paul and Peter have little experience with the online selling business model.
2. There are many similar online bicycle selling websites. They can learn from them.
 Greener E-Bike’s risk regarding familiarity with the technology is moderately low.
1. Paul is enthusiastically eager to learn online selling knowledge and he is fan of all
kinds of Internet. The learning curve is not very steep.
2. Both Paul and Peter have no direct knowledge of the technology required to provide
online selling; however, many of the technical issues will be responsibility of the ISP.
3. Consultants are readily available to provide help in this area.
 The project size is considered low risk.
1. The project team will likely consist of 5 or fewer people.
2. Both Paul and Peter should be involved during development process.
3. There is no time frame required in the case.
Economic Feasibility: Should We Build It?

A cost-benefit analysis was performed; see the attached table for details. A conservative
approach shows that the Greener Online Selling System has a good chance of bringing
revenue significantly.
 Development Costs
50000 pounds at most
 Annual Operating Costs
Only 1000 ISP hosting charge applies
 Annual Benefits (Cost Savings and Revenues)
30% growth per year, resulting at least 18000 pounds per year, total net benefits after 5 years:
89,787.89 pounds (adjusted for present value)
ROI over 5 years: 132 percent
Break-even occurs: after 2.43 years
 Intangible Costs and Benefits
 Improved customer satisfaction
 Greater brand recognition
Organizational Feasibility: If We Build It, Will They Come?

Since this is a very small company consisting of only two people, Paul and Peter, the major
user would be customers. The project has low risk. The objective of the system, which is to
increase sales, is aligned well with Greener’s goal of increasing sales for the company. The
move to the Internet also aligns with Greener’s goal of doing marketing promotions and
interacting directly with customers.
 Project Champion(s)
Paul is the project champion mainly responsible for the communication with the development
team and the maintenance of the system.
 Senior Management
As this is a small company, both Peter and Paul agree to develop the company. There is no
problem of senior management support.
 Users
The user of this system will be internet consumers. As there exist already many similar online
shops such as online bicycle shops and online car shops, there should be no difficult for internet
consumers to buy electronic bicycles online.
 Other Stakeholders
As this is the project sponsored only by Greener, there are no other stakeholders in this project.

Additional comments

As this internet selling system is a strategic change for Greener E-Bike, it will add value to
the existing business model, and it also will serve as a proof of concept for future internet
endeavors.
There are several other websites selling electronic bicycles, but our selling point is that it is
light, fashionable, and foldable.
Several UK electronic bicycle websites: http://www.poweredbicycles.co.uk/;
http://www.electricbikesales.co.uk/; http://www.powacycle.co.uk/; http://www.e-
bikesdirect.co.uk; http://www.electricbike.org.uk/; http://www.pedelecs.co.uk/;

However, none of them got this stylish Greener E-Bike. We must emphasize the innovative,
green, and light culture in our website design.
Cost Benefit Analysis Table

Items 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total

Increased sales from
new customer 18000 23400 30420 39546 51409.8 162775.8
Total Benefits 18000 23400 30420 39546 51409.8 162775.8
PV of Total Benefits 18000 22285.71 27591.84 34161.32 42294.97 144333.8
Labor: Analysis and
Design 50000 0 0 0 0 50000
ISP Operation 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 5000
Total Costs 51000 1000 1000 1000 1000 55000
PV of All costs 51000 952.381 907.0295 863.8376 822.7025 54545.95
Total Project of
benefits-costs -33000 22400 29420 38546 50409.8 107775.8
Yearly NPV -33000 21333.33 26684.81 33297.48 41472.27 89787.89
Cumulative NPV -33000 -11666.7 15018.14 48315.62 89787.89 89787.89
Return on Investment 1.646096          
break-even
occurs in year
Break-even point 0.437203 3     2.43  
improved
customer
satisfaction
Greater brand and
Intangible Benefits recognition feedback      
Requirements Definition （8 marks）

Functional requirements: （5 marks）

1. Maintain E-Bike Information
1.1 The Internet sales system will need a database of basic information about the E-Bikes that it can sell
over the Internet. it should contain the basic information about the model, size, color of the bicycle.
1.2 Every day the Internet sales system will receive an update from Peter concerning number of E-
Bicycles sold out and produced by them.
1.3 Both Peter and Paul should be able to update the systems
2. Search and browse various bikes
2.1 Customers should be able to browse the main categories of the E-bike product line, currently Silver
Rabbit, Pink Rabbit, Blue Rabbit, Black Rabbit and Yellow Rabbit. Each product line has two sizes,
12-14” wheel size and 14-16” wheel size.
2.2 The Internet sales system should allow Paul and Peter to promote the E-bike online. For example,
there might be Christmas sales time when customers get a 10% discount for an additional bicycle.
During promotion time, customer can also get free accessories. The internet sales system should also
provide such function.
3. Place orders through the website
3.1 After customers find the E-bike they want, the customer will check out by providing personal
information (e.g., name, e-mail, address, credit cards), and information regarding the order (e.g., the
E-Bike to purchase, the quantity for each E-bike, the color and size of the E-bike).
3.2 The system will verify the customer’s credit card information with an online credit card clearance
center and either accept the order or reject it.
3.3 The E-bike will be distributed to the customers through the delivery system.
3.4 The Internet sales systems should recorded those orders to be delivered and update the delivery
information once the Bicycle is delivered.
4. Support and Get feedbacks from customers
4.1 The Internet system should provide the customers a function area for customer to feedback the E-bikes
they are using. As Paul is very familiar with the online forum, he preferred that this online sales
system can provide a forum for customer to register and exchange ideas with each other.
4.2 There should be a webpage providing the manual and FAQ about the function of the E-bike. The
support information should also be provided online. There should be a link directing customers to the
online forum for them to interact with other customers.
5. Provide a business customer section for the existing shops such as Argos. This section should give
business customer simple information and contact methods.
Nonfunctional requirements: （3 marks）
1. Operational (1 mark)
1.1 The Internet system will work over the web environment with all types of main web browsers, Google
Chrome, IE, Mozilla.
1.2 The system will read and information from the main database including order, bicycle, and customers.
The internet system needs to write to the main bicycle database.
1.3 The forum database will be separated from the main database.
1.4 The system will should have links to direct customers to some bicycle associations such as British
Electronic bicycle Association http://www.beba-online.co.uk/British_Electric_Bicycle_Association_-
_BEBA/Welcome.html.
1.5 The system will need to remain current with evolving web standards.
1.6 No special maintainability requirements are anticipated.
2. Performance (1 mark)
2.1 Response time must be less than 7 seconds for the browsing, order check out, and online forum
function.
2.2 There will be a maximum of 30 simultaneous users at peak use times.
 2.3 The system should be available 24/7.
2.4 The system shall have 99% uptime performance.
2.5 Customer account in the online sales system and the forum should be consistent.
3. Security (0.5 mark)
3.1 No special system value requirements are anticipated.
3.2 Customers can access their accounts with username and password
3.3 Customer payment information must be transmitted securely.
4. Cultural and political (0.5 mark)
4.1 No special multilingual requirements are anticipated.
4.2 No special customization requirements are anticipated.
4.3 No special unstated norms requirements are anticipated.
4.4 No special legal requirements are anticipated.
Use Case (7 marks)

For the Greener E-Bike selling system, there might be several events, (1) search and browse, (2)
purchase, (3) promote, (4) use feedback and interaction area, and (5) business customer contact.
(6) Provide support information. As (4) can be used by online forum software and (5) & (6) can
be implemented through static web pages, it is not necessary to use a use case to describe the
scenario. We can thus have (1) search and browse e-bike (2) purchase e-bike, (3) interact with
customer combining both promote and user feedbacks and interactions into one use case. Thus,
we have three use cases here as follows.
Use Case 1: search and browse E-Bike (3 marks)
Use Case Name: Search and Browse E-bikes ID: _1 Importance level: _ _High __
__
Primary actor: Customer
Short Description:
This use case handles customers who search and browse the E-Bikes on the web site.

Trigger: customer arrives at web site to search and browse e-bike selections

Type: External

Major Inputs: Major Outputs:

Description Source Description Destination

customer request Customer E-Bike information Customer
e-bike matching request Available e-bike Selected E-bike to buy Purchase E-Bike
customer selections Customer
promotions Targeted promotions
Major Steps Performed Information for Steps

1) customer enters web site, promote web Targeted Promotion

customization with promotion information
if there is any Search request
2) customer enters search request
E-bike matching request
3) customer selects bicycle
E-bike detailed specification
3.1 to check the detailed specification of e-
bike
Selected e-bike to buy
3.2 to buy
Use Case 2 Purchase E-Bike (3 marks)
Use Case Name: Purchase E-Bike ID: _ Importance level: _high __
2__
Primary actor: Customer
Short Description: This use case handles the purchase of E-Bike
Trigger: Customer selects E-bike to buy
Type: External

Major Inputs: Major Outputs:

Description Source Description Destination

Selected E-bike to buy Search and Browse New customer record Customer file
Customer Details Customer Total cost of purchase Customer
Customer Details Customer New purchase record Sales file
Bike price Bike information file Order confirmation Customer
Payment details Customer CC charge CC company
CC authorization CC clearinghouse Shipping information Shipping file
Shipping information Customer
Purchase confirmation Customer

e-bike Purchase cost Customer detail Payment details

to buy
Major Steps Performed Information for Steps
1) e-bike is selected to buy. Selected e-bike
2) If returning customer, access account information
Customer username and password
e-bike to buy customer details
3) If new customer, establish account if requested; Customer details
otherwise, gather customer information.
New customer detail
4) Obtain e-bike price(s) and calculate total purchase Customer details
cost. New customer record
Total purchase cost
5) Gather shipping information
Shipping information e-bike price
6) Gather payment information
total purchase cost

e-bike Purchase cost Customer detail Payment details

to buy

7) Verify payment information

shipping information
e-bike Purchase cost Customer detail Payment details payment detail
to buy
CC authorization
8) Get customer purchase confirmation
Customer purchase confirmation
9) purchase confirmation
Shipping information
New purchase record
CC charge
Order confirmation
Use Case 3: Interact with Customer ( 1mark)
Use Case Name: Interact with Customer ID: _3__ Importance level: _ _High __
Primary actor: Paul and Peter
Short Description:
This use case handles the promotions, feedbacks from customers, and customer interactions

Trigger: customer arrives at web site to search and browse e-bike selections

Type: Temporal

Major Inputs: Major Outputs:

Description Source Description Destination

Customer purchases sales file Customer feedback request customer

Customer feedbacks customer Promotions customer
Customer online forum discussions customer

Major Steps Performed Information for Steps

1) Search and customer purchases to decide Customer purchases

promotions
2) Create promotional choices
3) Create email messages to customers for Customer feedback request
feedbacks and forum participation
Customer forum invitation
4) Create email messages to customers for
promotions
Promotions
5) Obtain feedbacks
Customer feedbacks
6) Store forum discussions
Customer forum discussions
Data Flow Diagram (7 marks, context level 1 marks, level 0 3 marks, 1 mark to each level 1)

Greener E-Bike: Context level DFD and Level 0 DFD

Level 1 DFD for Greener E-Bike: Search and Browse E-Bike
Level 1 DFD for Greener E-Bike: Purchase E-Bike
Level 1 DFD for Greener E-Bike: Interact with Customer
ER-Diagram (7 marks)

Students should first have the major entity such as sale, customer, e-bike to get 2 marks
Then to have promotion, feedbacks, shipping, and forum discussions for another 2 marks
The correct relationships will be given 3 marks

Note: sale and Available E-Bike should have m:n relationsip but the software couldn’t draw this out.