Choose among the different information sources

(indigenous, library, Internet or mass media) do

they prefer to use for the following topics? Why?
1. The cultural practices of the Lumads of Mindanao
2. The current state of the tourism and hospitality industry
in the Philippines
3. Political conflicts and strife in different parts of the world
4.The history of the Bangsamoro
5. The trends in the mobile application industry
 MEDIA AND
INFORMATION
SOURCES
OBJECTIVES
■ Information and its Typology
■ Media and Information Sources
– Indigenous Knowledge and kinds of
indigenous or traditional kinds of
knowledge
– Library and classification system
– Internet Sources
 INFORMATION
 derived from the Latin word Informare
which means “to give form, shape, or
character to” something
 Responsible for integrating substance to
everything around us
IMPORTANCE OF INFORMATION
■ Borgmann (1999) – in his book information provides
richness to reality
■ It is able to transform and improve everything by
providing terminologies and labels.
Two purpose of information:
1. To name someone or something
2. To represent reality
 SEMIOTIC THEORY
Theory developed to explain the phenomenon of
giving and taking information by Roland Barthes
■ It centers on signs and how people decode and
interpret them.
■ Signs had both signifier (physical form of the sign)
and signified (the meaning that is interpreted).
TYPOLOGY OF INFORMATION
1. Factual vs Analytical
2. Subjective vs Objective
3. Current vs Historical
4. Scholarly vs Popular
5. Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary
6. Stable vs Unstable
FACTUAL VS ANALYTICAL
■ Factual – based on evidences and findings
provided by reliable sources.
Ex: Textbooks, encyclopedias, technical reports by
agencies and institutions.
■ Analytical – is an analysis or interpretation of
facts by an individual, usually an expert on the
subject.
Ex: Commentaries or reviews
SUBJECTIVE VS OBJECTIVE
■ Subjective - information us about the
discussion and elaboration of a thesis
statement which is still anchored on facts
■ Ex: Expert opinion found in the editorial section
■ Objective - information is unbiased and does
not lead you to judge the information in a
certain way.
■ Ex: Scientific papers and news reports
CURRENT VS HISTORICAL
■Current – refers to how up-to-date
or how recent the information is.
■Historical – information that are
historical or old but very helpful in
providing insights and
comparisons of events.
SCHOLARLY VS POPULAR
■ Scholarly – information that comes from
academic sources.
■ It is a product of an author’s expertise and
study on the subject matter.
■ Popular - information that appeals to the
general interest
■ Ex: magazines, online feature article
PRIMARY VS SECONDARY
VS TERTIARY
■Primary – Original, first-hand information
-Hasn’t been interpreted, condensed and
changed
Secondary- usually written by someone other
than the original author
Tertiary – compilations of information drawn
from multiple secondary sources
 STABLE AND UNSTABLE
■ Stable Information – information is evaluated based
on the following questions
 Has it been around for a long time?
 Is it routinely updated
 Are print versions of an online document available?
 Is the site associated with a reputable institution
Unstable Information – opposite of stable information
MEDIA AND INFORMATION
SOURCES
■Indigenous Sources
■Library Sources
■Internet Sources
■Other sources of information
A. INDIGENOUS SOURCES
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
■ Knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society
■ Contrasts with the international knowledge systems
generated by universities, research institutions and
private firms.
■ It is the basis for local-level decision making in
agriculture, health care, food preparation, education,
natural-resource management and a host of other
activities in rural communities – Warren (1991)
A. INDIGENOUS SOURCES
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
■ includes local knowledge shared within a society and
culture - (UNESCO)
■ Crucial in sustaining the condition of different societies
and cultures
■ Knowledge is not universal
Ex.
Rituals done by some tribes in honoring their “exclusive”
gods are not known by others, and the ritual becomes a
unique knowledge to them.
A. INDIGENOUS SOURCES
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
■ Relayed either through people media and indigenous
media
PEOPLE MEDIA
- persons involved in the use, analysis, evaluation, and
production of media and information
INDIGENOUS MEDIA
- Also known as community media
A. INDIGENOUS SOURCES
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
INDIGENOUS MEDIA
– media controlled and managed by indigenous peoples in order for
them to develop and produce culturally appropriate information in
the languages understood by the community by utilizing indigenous
materials and resources, reflecting community needs and interests,
visions and aspirations, and independent from vested interest
groups – Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact or AIPP (2014)
Example:
Northern Dispatch Weekly or NORDIS – weekly newspaper
covering Ilocos region, the Cordilleras, and the Cagayan Valley region
A. INDIGENOUS SOURCES
According to Jeannette Casing Serrano former Chairperson of the National
Commission on Indigenous Peoples there are
4 kinds of indigenous or traditional kinds of knowledge in
the country (2006)

1. Traditional Medicines and Health Care

2. Traditional Agriculture
3. Traditional Cultural Expressions
4. Related Genetic Resources
1. TRADITIONAL MEDICINES
AND HEALTH CARE
Indigenous people resort to different kinds of
rituals
■ Tingguian practices
Dawak –ritual to bear child
Ud-udong –to free sick person from spirits that inhabit
their body.
■ Dumagat practices
putting ashes on the umbilical cord of a new born, to help
assist the healing process.
2. TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE
■ Philippines is known as an agricultural country,
even if modern has offered new and innovative
methods of farming, ethnic groups still adhere
to their traditional practices
■ People still practice their means of selecting
seeds, sowing, harvesting, and preserving
even if modern technology has offered new
and innovative methods of farming
3. TRADITIONAL CULTURAL
EXPRESSIONS
Are ways of indigenous people in practicing different
activities that reflect their traditions. These are:
A.) MUSIC AND DANCES
- Are mainly used rituals for feast, harvest festivities, and
other religious and social ceremonies or activities.
- The use of traditional instruments like gongs, kudyapi and
others are also practiced.
3. TRADITIONAL CULTURAL
EXPRESSIONS
B.) LITERATURE
There are several variations like legends of their own
origin, riddles, proverbs, chants/songs, and poetry.
Example of known Epics
Hudhud of the Ifugao in the north
Guman and Darangen of the Subanen in the south
3. TRADITIONAL CULTURAL
EXPRESSIONS
C.) WEAVING
Most visual representation of cultures and traditions
of different ethic groups
Example:
Indigenous weaving textile mat, basket, rattan
furniture, architecture, and wood sculpture
4. RELATED GENETIC
RESOURCES
■ Philippines is rich in natural resources where
in it offers not just a number of agricultural
products but different variations for each
products.
Example:
Rice
Medicinal Herbs – grown and cultivated by the
primitive indigenous people
 REPUBLIC ACT (R.A. 8371)
The law ensures that these kinds of information are
safeguarded by R.A. 8371

■ “An act to recognize, protect, and promote the rights of

the indigenous peoples, creating a national commission
on indigenous peoples, establishing implementing
mechanisms, appropriating funds therefore, and for other
purposes”.
■ Indigenous knowledge is given importance because of its
relevance on how people perceive information nowadays.
2. LIBRARY
■ A library is a collection of sources of
information and similar resources, made
accessible to a defined community for
reference or borrowing.
■ It provides physical or digital access to
material, and may be a physical building or
room, or a virtual space, or both.
ROLES OF LIBRARIES IN THE
SOCIETY - BY KROLAK
1. FACILITATORS OF INFORMATION
- Libraries help obtain the right information using the most convenient kind of
information source.
Example
Visual learners – magazines or video files
Audio learners – audio files

2. CUSTODIANS OF NATIONAL AND CULTURAL RICHES

- Capable of storing archival files of the past that may be shared with future generations.
ROLES OF LIBRARIES IN THE
SOCIETY - BY KROLAK
3. INNOVATORS OF INFORMATION-SEEKING PRACTICES
- Libraries today are considered hybrids in terms of
maintaining the traditional kind of library while also
adapting to technological advancements offering online
privileges like free access to the internet
4. FACILITATORS OF OTHER ACTIVITIES
-Some libraries offers number of activities that may help the
learning process of people such as author readings,
introduction to information and communication
technologies and the Internet.
SERVICES LIBRARIES OFFER:
■ Books
■ Magazines
■ Newspapers
■ Journals
■ Maps
■ Digital Sources
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
Dewey Decimal System
- First published by Melvil Dewey in the
United States in 1876
- used for small library collection
- uses number classifying books
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
Library of Congress System

- patterned after the Library Congress of

America
- designed for large collections
- uses letters
3. INTERNET SOURCES
Internet has limitless information to offer, it is important to
identify which are valid, and which are not
• Content is grammatically correct,
Accuracy verifiable and cited when
necessary

• Defines who created the content,

Author individual or groups credentials
an contact information

• Information is current and

Currency updated frequently
3. INTERNET SOURCES
Internet has limitless information to offer, it is important to
identify which are valid, and which are not

•Content is balanced,
Fairness presenting all sides of an
issue and multiple points-
of-view

•Content is relevant to your

topic
Relevance