TECHNICAL DATA SHEET

ULTRABRITE 1085M/1085R
AN ADVANCED BRIGHT CHLORIDE ZINC
PLATING PROCESS FOR RACK AND
BARREL

1. INTRODUCTION :

ULT RA B R I TE 10 85M / 10 85 R is a am m on ia f r ee s u p er i or br igh t c hl or id e zi n c

pla t in g pr o c e s s w hi c h pr o v ide s f in e d ep os it o f zi n c m et al a n d pr o d u c es
ex c el len t br igh t ne s s in t he s hor te s t p o s s ibl e tim e.

Th e dep o si t is br i llia nt a nd m a y b e su bs t it ut ed f or Nick el o n ma n y de c or at i v e

par t s. F or m a n y dif f i c ult to p lat e ite m s, li k e ir on c a s ti n gs , c ar bo n ize d or
he a t- tr ea te d st e el , t he UL TR A B RI T E 10 85 M / 1 08 5 R pr oce s s of fe r s e x c e lle nt
pla t in g.

ULT RA B R I TE 1 08 5 M / 108 5 R pr o duc es e x c e lle nt co v er ag e and t hr ow in g

pow er , t hr ou gho ut w i de c ur r en t d en s it y r a ng e.

A bov e al l, be c a u se o f it s bio- d egr a da bl e c ha ra ct er , an d n o n pol lut a nt , n on-

to x ic i n gr ed ien t s, UL T RA B RI TE 10 8 5 M/ 10 8 5 R is e a s y t o ha n dle a n d b et ter
c ho i c e o v er c ya ni d e zi n c p la t in g pr o c e s s

2. ADVANT AGES :

i) B ala n c ed e m ul s if yin g & a dd it i ve : E a sil y c o n tr o l b y t he a dd it io n of

an d h e nc e no o il o ut
i i) I m pr o ved yel low chr o ma t e
ad h e s io n
i ii) Hi g h te m p er at ur e t o ler an c e
i v) Hi g h br i ght ne s s ov er w ide r a ng e
of cur r e nt de n s it i e s
v) O ut s t an d in g br il lia n t, le ve l,
du c t i le zi nc d epo s it .
v i) Re a dil y a c c e pt s CHE M I DI T E
Chr o ma t e c on v er s ion c oa t in g s
br ig ht e ner an d a dd it iv e.
: Im pr o ve d ye ll ow chr o m at e ad h e s io n
due t o ex c el le nt so l ubi lit y o f
add it iv e s a nd br ig ht e n er i n th e b at h.
: Br igh t d ep o s it ob s er v e d u p to 45 C.
: P lat es a v ar i et y o f s h a pes and
loa d s- v er s at ile f or b ot h r a ck a nd
bar r e l
: Im pr o ve d pr odu c t io n c ap a b il it y,
te n de n c y f or f lak ing or b li st er ing is
r edu c e d or e lim in at ed w he n pla te d
th ick er d ep o s it s .
: Co ns ist e nt r e s u lt s / go o d c or r os io n
r e s ist an c e a ft er chr o m at ing .

v i ii) B at h ea si l y c on tr o ll e d b y s im p le
ad d it i o ns of a dd it iv e/ b r i gh te n er : S a ve s m ai nt e na n c e ti me .
3. COMPONENTS :
Th e UL T R AB RI TE 1 08 5M / 108 5 R p ro ces s co nsi st s of :

i) ULT RA B RI TE 10 21 A : I t is Z i nc Chl or id e b as e c hem ic a l w hi c h is

r eq u ir ed f or pr epa r in g br ig ht c h lor i de z in c
p lat in g e le ctr o l yt e and m ain t ain t h e zi nc
m e t al c on te n t in t he s o lu t io n.

ii) ULT RA B RI TE 10 21 B : S olid e l ec tr ol yt e c o nt a inin g P ot a s s i um

Ch l or id e & B uf fer i ng a ge n t. It is pr im ar il y
u se d f or i nit ia l mak e u p a nd m a int a ins
c h lor i d e le ve l a n d c on t r o l th e p H of t h e
s o lu t io n.

i ii) ULT RA B RI TE 10 85 M : A li qui d pr i m ar y a dd iti v e pr od u c e s e x c ell e nt

c o ver a g e and t hr ow ing p ow er , thr o ug h ou t
w id e c urr en t d en s it y r an g e. I t is u s e d bo t h in
m ak e up & r e ple ni s hm e nt .

i v) ULT RA B RI TE 10 85 R : S ec on dar y a d dit io n ag ent w hic h pr o v ide s

l u st er , a w id er c at h od e c ur r en t d en s it y r a ng e
an d in cr e a se d t hr ow in g pow er . I t is t he m a in
br ight e n in g a g ent . I t i s m ain l y c o n s u me d b y
e lec tr ol ys i s

4 EQUIPMENT :
Pl at ing t a nk s :

Ta nk s s ho u ld be l in e d w it h P V C, po l ypr op yle n e, p o l yet h yl e ne o r K or o se a l.

Th e l in ing sh o u ld be le a c hed f or 24 h our s u s in g a s ol u tion o f 1%
h ydr o c h lor ic ac id a n d 0. 1 % Ultr a br it e 10 8 5M . T he t ank s h ou ld t h en be r in s e d
th or ou g hl y be f or e pl a ting s olu ti o n m ak e up .

Bus b ars :

A nod e a nd c at h od e b ar s sho ul d be pr o t e ct ed fr o m s olu ti on co nt a ct a s m u c h

as p o s s ible to a v o id c or r o s ion and p l at ing s o lut io n c on t am i nat i on.
Che m ic a ll y r e s ist ant t ap e or p la s ti c c oa t in g s ar e s u gge s t ed .

Ag i t at io n :

A git at i on in c r e as es t he u sa bl e c ur r ent d en s it y r a n ge and in cr eas es t h e

ef fec t ive n e s s of t h e Ul t r abr it e s ys t em i n de v elo pin g br i g ht ne s s an d l ev e lin g.

For ba r r e l p la t ing in s ta l lat ion s , bar r e l r ot a ti o n u s u a ll y pr o v ide s ade qu a te

ag i ta t io n . How e v er, in so m e ca s e s, a ir ag it at io n m a y be ben ef ic ial w h er e
bar r e ls w ith s m a ll h o le s or p lat i n g o f l ar ge par t s ar e e n co u nt er e d. A ir w i ll
al so h el p to co n tin u ou s pr ec ip it at ed dis s o l v e d ir on.

For r a ck pla tin g, t he l ow fo a m ing nat ur e of th e Ultr ab r it e 10 85 M /1 0 85 R

pr o c e s s a llo ys v ig or o u s a ir a g it at i on. A ir s ho u ld be s u ppl ied b y an o il- f r e e,
low pr e s ser b low er d es ig n ed f or t h is pur p o se . Ca th o de m o v em en t or g o od
s olu t io n m ov em e nt s u ppl ied b y f ilt r at i on equ ipm ent or a u x iliar y m i xer s ar e
ot her m et ho d s o f a gi t at io n.

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Filt r at i on :

For ba r r e l p la t ing in s ta l lat ion , o c c a s ion a l f iltr at io n is r e q uir ed t o r em o v e

pr e c i pit a te d ir o n a nd o th er s u s pe n ded m at t er .

For r a ck p l at in g, e s p e c ia ll y f or de c or at iv e ap p li ca t io n , c on t in uo u s f iltr at io n
s ho u ld be e m pl o ye d to e li min at e r o u ghne s s an d t o pr o v id e s o l ut ion
mo v e m en t. T he f i lt er s ho u ld be of s uf f ic ie nt cap a ci t y t o t ur n t he s o lut io n
over at l e as t o n c e and pr ef er abl e tw ic e p er h our .

B e ca us e t h e p lat i ng s o lut io n is c or r o s iv e, a l l f i ltr a t ion eq u ipm e nt a nd f it t in gs

s ho u ld be a c id an d c h l or i d e r e s i st a nt . St a inl es s s t eel is n ot s u it ab le.
Fi lt r a t io n t hr o ug h 15 m icr o n ( 1 5 m icr o me t er ) po l yp r op yle n e or D y ne l c lot h is
s ug g e st e d.

A car b on pack ma y be u s ed t o r em o v e o il an d gr e a s e, a l th oug h Ult r abr it e

10 8 5 R r epl en is h me n t m a y b e r eq u ir ed a ft er s u ch tr e at m en t.

An o d e an d an od e b a g s :

B all or s l ab zin c an o de s m a y be u s ed. T he zin c s h ou ld be a s p e c ia l h ig h-

pur it y ( 99. 99 %) gr a d e . I t is s u gg e s te d th at tit an i um h o ok s ( f or s lab s) a nd
tit an ium b a sk et s ( f or bal ls) be u s e d. B a s k et s s h oul d b e k ep t fil led a nd
s hak e n f r e q uent l y t o m ai nt a in go od c on ta c t a nd in s ur e t h at b as k e ts a r e f il le d
2
to c a pa c i t y. A n od e c u r r e nt d ens i t y sh o u ld no t e x ce e d 25 A S F ( 27 0 A /m ).
E x c e s siv e br ig ht e ner c on s u mp t ion an d t i ta niu m co r r os i o n w i ll r e su lt f r om
hig h a n o de c ur r en t d en s it ie s. A go o d r a t io o f a no d e t o ca t hod e ar ea i s 1. 5: 1
to 2: 1. I ner t a no d e s s h ou ld n ot b e u s ed.

Cau t io n :

Ti tan iu m b as k e t s ma y d is so l v e in t he p lat i ng s o lu t io n if o p era te d c on t in u a ll y

at h ig h p lat i ng v ol ta g es. Ne v er u se tit an i um b a sk et s if th e pla ti ng v o lt a ge
ex c ee d s 6 v o lt s .

A nod e ba gs ar e s ug g es t ed for r a ck p lat i ng t o a vo id r o ug hne s s . B ag s ar e n ot

es s en ti a l for b ar r el p lat ing . B ag m at er ial m a y be of po l yp ro p yl en e, D yn e l or
P V C an d s hou l d b e l ea ch e d f or 2 4 h our s in a s o lu t io n of 1% h yd r oc hl or i de
ac id a nd 0. 1 % Ultr abr ite 1 0 85M pr ior t o u s e.

Coo l in g an d h eat i ng :

Th e Ult r a br it e 1 0 85 M /1 0 85 R pr o c e s s h a s th e a b ilit y t o o per a te o ver a

te m per atur e r a n ge o f 20- 4 5C. . T he h ig h an ode and c at ho d e ef f i c ien c ie s of
th e Ult r abr it e 1 08 5M / 10 85 R p r oc es s d o not r e q ui r e a hig h c o oli n g c a pa c it y.
In f a ct , in s om e in st a l la t ion c oo lin g m a y u n ne c e s s ar y w he n c ur r e nt i s l es s
th an 2 a mp /g a l ( 0. 5 a m p / L) a n d ad eq u at e a no de ar e a i s pr o v i de d . Coo li ng is
req u ir ed in c lim a te s w her e a ir te m p er a t ure r ai s e s t he s ol ut io n t em per at ur e
ab o v e t h e r e co m m en ded l im it . W hen he at i ng or co ol in g is r e qu ir ed , c o il s
ma d e of t it a n iu m ( in s u lat ed fr o m th e p la t ing c ir c uit) or a c h e mic al ly r e s i st a nt
pla s t ic ar e s ug g es t e d. Do n o t u se i ro n o r l e ad co il s.

Heat i n g is n e c es s ar y w hen t h e te m pe r a tu r e o f th e p lat i ng s o lut ion f a lls

be l ow 2 0 C u su a ll y he at i ng is r eq uir ed at st ar t u p t o in cr ea s e co n duc t iv it y of
th e e l e ctr ol yt e.

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5. SOLUTION COMPOSITION AND CONDITIONS :

a) In it ia l Ba t h M a ke u p:

Ra c k B ar r el
1. Ul tr abr i te 102 1 A( m l/L ) 10 0- 1 20 80- 1 0 0

2. Ul tr abr i te 102 1 B( g / L) 23 0- 2 50 22 0- 2 50

3. Ul tr abr i te 108 5M ( m l/L) 30- 4 0 3 0- 40

4. Ultrabrite 1085R(ml/L) 0.4-0.8 0.4-0.8

b) El e ct ro l yt e Co m po si t i on :

1. Z in c ( a s m e t al ) ( g/ L) 2 0- 40 24- 3 0

2. T ot a l Ch lor ide ( g /L) 12 0- 1 50 1 20 - 1 3 5

3. B or i c A c id ( g /L ) 2 4- 32 2 8- 35

c) O pe rat in g P ara met e rs :

S ol u tio n T em per a tur e : 20- 4 5 C 20- 4 5 C

p H ( E le ctr o me tr i c ) : 5. 0- 5. 5 4. 8- 5. 5

Z in c A n od e s ( P ur i t y) : 99 . 99 % 99 . 99 %

A no d e: Ca t ho de Ra t io : 2: 1 2: 1

V ol t ag e ( V ) : 1- 4 V ol t s 5- 1 0 vo lt s

Cur r e nt d e ns it y ( An o d e) : Not t o e x c ee d 25 A/ ft 2 ( 2. 7A / d m2 )

A git at i on : A ir a g it at i on and s o l ut ion c ir cu l at io n

ar e hig h l y r ec om m e nd ed.

6. SOLUTION M AKE UP :

⇒ F ill pr oper l y c le an e d a nd lea c he d t ank s t o 2 / 3 of f i n al v olu m e w it h w ar m

0
w ater ( 50 – 60 C) .
⇒ A dd r eq uir ed am o un t s of Ultr a br it e 1 0 21 B a n d m i x u nt il di s s olv e d.
⇒ A dd r eq uir ed am o un t of Ultr abr ite 10 2 1 A. M ix u nt il a u n if or m s ol ut io n
ob t ain ed .
⇒ A dd r eq uir ed am o un t of Ultr abr ite 10 8 5M w i t h r equ ir e d a mo u nt o f
Ult r abr it e 10 8 5 R.
⇒ A dd w at er t o t ot a l op e r at ing v o lu m e.
⇒ A dj us t p H t o d es ir e d v a lu e b y in cr e a sin g w it h di lu te po ta s s iu m h yd r o x id e
or d ec r ea s i ng w i th dil ut e h ydr o ch lor ide a c i d as ne ce s s ar y. B e c ert ain a
un ifor m sol ut io n i s o bt ain ed be f or e me a s ur in g th e p H.

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7. M AINTENANCE :

A )Electrolyte :

Ma int a in t he e lec t r o l yt e co m po s it io n as per r eq uir em e nt g ive n in s e ct i on 5. 0.

To ma int a i n t h e sa m e, c he ck t he b at h c o mp o s it ion a s pe r A n al yt i c al Cont r o l
me t ho d g iv en in s e ct i on 10. A dd it io n o f 3 50 m l of ULT RA B R I TE 10 21 A p er
10 0 L p la t in g s ol ut io n w il l in cr e ase z in c a s m et a l b y 1 . 0 g/ l an d t ot a l c hl or id e
b y 1 gm / L.

A ddi tio n of a ppr ox. 22 5 g m U LT RA B RI TE 1 0 21 B p er 10 0 L w il l in cr ea s e to ta l

c hlor id e b y 1 g /L a nd 0. 2 25 g / L B or ic A c id.

B ) Bri gh t en er :

Th e br ig ht e ner s ys t e m em p lo ye d i n th e Ult ra br it e 108 5 M/ 108 5 R pr o ce s s is

c on s u m ed pr i m ar il y b y e le c tr o l ys i s an d dr a go u t. Ultr a br it e 10 8 5 M & 1 08 5 R
ma y b e ad d ed ac c or d in g t o w o rk e x per ien ce or Hul l c el l pa n e l cont r o l
(no r m a l l y p l at ed a t 2 am p s f or 5 m inu t e s w it h air a g ita t ion) . A c c or di n g t o
st a ndar d pr a ct ic e s, on l y on e- ha lf th e q u ant i t y of br i g ht en er / a dd it i ve is
ad d ed t o t he pla tin g t ank as i s r e q uir e d t o y ie ld t he de s ir e d pr op er t i es fr om
th e H ul l Ce l l pa n el a p pe ar a n ce.

A s w i th a ll pl at in g pr o ce s s es , s m a l l, fr eq u en t a d dit ion s of br i gh te n er s ar e
mo r e e c ono m i c a l an d ef f ic ie nt t h an lar g er, le s s f re q ue nt o ne s .

A v er ag e r e qu ir e me n t o f br ig ht n er s is –
ULT RA B R I TE 10 85 M : 50 – 10 0 m l /1 000 A H.
ULT RA B R I TE 10 85 R : 7 5 – 15 0 m l /1 000 A H

8. EFFECTS OF CONSTITUENTS AND CONDITIONS :

a) Z in c in so lu t i on :

Th e c on c e ntr at io n of zi nc in so lut i on ma y b e v ar ie d w it h in r ea s on abl y w ide

lim it s . How e ver , f or r ac k p lat in g, t he zi n c c on ce n tr a t io n is u su a ll y k ep t ne ar
th e h igh er v a lu e o f ( 3 5 g/ L) t o al low t h e s ys te m t o op er at e at it s n or ma l h igh
c at hod e c ur r e nt d e n s iti e s . T h e zin c c o nc en tr a t ion m a y be in cr eas ed t o ( 4 0
g/ L) w h er e a g it at i on i s ins u ff ic ien t an d h ig h ca th o d e c ur r e nt de n s it ie s ar e
en c o un t er ed . Th e co n c ent r at i on m a y b e r e du c e d in a b ar r el i ns t alla ti o n t o
m in i m i ze me t al dr a g out and t o in cr e as e t hr o w ing p ow er .

Zi nc c on c e ntr at io n i s nor m al l y st a b le d ur in g o per a ti o n an d w ill n o t in cr e a se

dur in g s h ut dow n s i n c e t he p r o c e s s is o n l y s l igh t l y a c id ic . If t he zi nc
in cr e as e s i n c onc e ntr a tio n, t he su g ges t ed m et hod o f c or r e ct ion is d ilu tio n. I f
th e zi nc d e cr e ase s d u e t o a h igh dr a go ut r a te , r ep len is h m e nt m a y b e m a de
w it h U ltr a br it e 46 0 or p ur if ie d zin c chl or id e, or so lut io n pH m a y b e
de cr e a s ed t o im pr o v e an o de di s s o lut ion .

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b) Ch lo r id e :

Th e co n c en tr at ion of c h lor id e is u s ual l y ma i nt ain ed a t ab ou t ( 12 0 - 140 g/ L) .

Th is lev el m a y be v a r ied c o ns id er ab l y de p en di ng o n t he i ns t al lat i on a nd
pla t in g r e qu ire m e nt s . Ge ner a ll y, hig h er c o n c en tr at ion s yie l d a w ider u s e abl e
c ur r en t de ns it y r a ng e. At ab o ut ( 19 0 g / L) , a s alt in g out of t he br ight e n er
s ys t e m m a y o c c ur , ca u s in g m i lk y or ir id e s ce nt d e po s i t s.

Th e ch l or i de is d e ple t ed b y dr a go ut a n d s hou ld be m a i nt ain e d b y a dd iti o ns

of p ot a s s iu m c h lor i d e. O n l y p ur e p ot a s s iu m c hlor i de ( 4 8% c h l or i de) fr ee
fr om de s s i c a nt s s ho u ld be u s ed. Ch lor ide s hou ld be in cr ea s ed w he n
Ultr abr ite 1 021 A or zi nc c h lor i d e ( 52 % c h lor ide) is u s e d to in cr e a s e t he zi nc
c on c e ntr at io n.

.c) Boric Acid :

It w ill a c t a s buf f er i n g ag e nt an d c on c ent r at i on sh o u ld b e m a in ta ine d b y
rou t ine a n a l ys i s an d r ep l eni s h m en t s h ou ld b e d on e a c c or din g l y.
Low c on c en tr at ion of bor i c a c id c an c au se bur n ing at h igh c urr e nt de n s it y
ar e a s w her ea s h igh c onc e ntr at i on o f b or ic a c id w ill r e du c e t h e s olu bi li t y of
br ight e n er .
Due t o it s li m it ed s o lu b il it y, a n in s o lu b le f il m m a y for m on t he an od e w h i c h
w ill r e d uce t he c ur r en t f l ow an d r e duc e t he a no d e c or r o s io n

d) Ull t r ab rit e 1 0 85 M :

Ultr abr ite 10 8 5M is th e pr i mar y a d d it i on ag e nt . It de v e lop s gr a in r ef i nem e nt ,

thr ow i ng p ow er , co v er age , w et t ing a ct ion a n d s o lu b il ize t h e s e c on dar y
ad d it io n age nt . W ith o ut Ultr abr ite 10 8 5M t h e de p os it w ou ld b e m at t e and
no n- a dh er en t, w i th po or th r ow in g p ow er an d c o v er age

Low co n c en tr at ion s o f Ultr ab r it e 1 08 5 M w il l r e s u lt in h ig h cur r ent d e n s it y

”bu r n ing ” de c r e a s ed c o ver a g e an d t hr ow i ng pow er , as w e l l a s a d e cr e a s e i n
du c t i li t y and a dhe s io n. Hi gh c o n c en tr at io n s w ill r e s ul t in in cr e ase d t hr ow ing
pow er a nd co v er a ge a nd in cr e as ed ca t ho d e c ur r en t d en s it y r ang e.

e) Ul t r ab rit e 1 0 85R :

Ultr abr ite 108 5 R i s th e sa c o ndar y add it io n ag e nt w hi c h in c o m bi nat io n w i th

Ultr abr ite 10 8 5 M de ve l op s t h e br il lia n c e a n d l ev el in g c h ar a c t er ist i c s o f t he
ac id zin c pr oc e s s . Ul tr a br it e 10 8 5 R a ddi t iv e s a ls o in cr e a s e s t h e ca t ho d e
c ur r en t d en s it y r a ng e and t hr ow i ng p ow er .

Low c o nc ent r a t ion s o f Ultr a br it e 108 5 R w ill re su l t i n a le s s br i ll ia nt de po s it

an d l e s s thr ow in g po w er b ut m a y b e mo r e d e sir a b le f or s om e a pp lic at i on s
w her e a h ig h lus t er is n ot a r equ ir e m ent . H igh c o nce n tr a t ion s w il l r e su l t i n
in cr e as ed t hr ow i n g p ow er a n d c at h od e cu r r e nt d e n sit y r a n ge a s w e ll as
ma x im um br il lian c e a nd l ev el ing . E x c e s s i v e am o unt s m a y r e s ult in o il in g o ut
of so l ut io n an d t end e n c y tow ar d p itt ing . T h is c o nd it ion m a y b e c or r e ct e d b y
ad d it io n s of Ult r abr it e 10 8 5M .

Ultr abr ite 10 85 R m a y c on v e n ie nt l y b e a dde d b y pr e m ix i ng i t w it h Ultr abr it e

10 8 5M be f ore add it ion t o t h e pla t in g t ank . Th is w il l in s ur e c o m pl et e
s olu bi li t y o f t he Ul tr a br it e 1 085 R.

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 f) T e mp erat ur e :

A s w it h a ll p lat ing s ys t e m s, t h o se op er at e d ou t s id e t he r e c om m end e d

te m per atur e l im it s pr od u c e le s s t h an opt i mu m r e s ult s . Th e Ultr abr i t e
10 8 5M / 10 8 5 R pr o c e s s h a s t h e ab ilit y t o o pe r at e o v er a t e m per at ur e r an g e of
20- 4 5 C. How ev er , p lat ing at t he u pp er a n d low er e x t re m es of t he r an ge m a y
re su l t in d if fe r ent de p o s it pr o per t ie s an d br igh t ener c o n s um pt i o n

g) So l u t i on p H :

Ge ner al l y, t h e o pt i mu m p H r a nge is 4. 8- 5. 5. How e v er , fo r r a ck p lat ing , t he

hig her p H va l u e i s r e c om m e nd e d. It per m it s u se of a h ig h er cur r e nt de n s it y
ran g e an d m ax i mi ze s dep o sit un if or m it y. F or b ar r e l pl at ing , t h e low er p H
v alu e w ill yie l d b et ter thr ow in g p ower a nd co v er a g e and he lp t o m ai nt a in th e
zin c c on c e ntr at io n.

Th e pH i s us u al l y s ta b le or s low l y r is es i n a b at h w i t h ad eq u at e an o de ar ea
an d m ini m a l dr ag ou t. How e ver , p H m a y b e e a s i l y ad j us t ed w it h e ith er
h ydr o c h lor id e a c i d t o de cr ea s e p H or d i lut e po ta s s iu m h yd r ox i d e ( 10 %) t o
in cr e as e p H. M ix t hor o ug h l y b ef or e r em e a s ur i ng pH.

pH s h ou ld be m e a sur e d d a il y, u s ing a p H m et er . p H p a p er s m a y b e u s e d f or
ta nk s id e me a s ur em e n ts

9. GENER AL NOTES :
P ret r e at men t :

Us er s of th e Ultr a br it e 1 0 85 M /1 085 R pr oc es s sh o uld be e qu ipp ed w it h a

c lea nin g s ys t e m su ff i c ien t t o pr o v ide an oi l fr ee and s m ut - f re e su b s tr a t e
pr ior t o pl at ing .

P ar t s s ho u ld b e pi ck led i n a 3 0 t o 5 0% te c hn ic a l gr ade h yd r o c h lor id e ac i d

s olu t io n w ith o ut in h ib it or . Dr y a c id sa lt s o r s ulp hu r ic a c id s h oul d n ot be
use d . F or c ar bo n itr i de d, h ig h c ar b on or h ea t - tr e a te d st e el or for ir on c a st i n g
a l e s s c on ce ntr a te d ac id pi ck le s h ou ld b e u se d a c cor d i ng to t he t yp e of
par t s. De s ca li ng if ne c e s sar y s ho ul d b e co ndu c te d of f - lin e in a n au t om a ti c
in st a ll a tio n to pr e v ent dr a g o v er .

Po st - t reat me n t :

Go od r ins ing af ter pl at ing i s es s en ti a l t o pr e v e nt cor r o s ion f r o m p lat in g

s olu t io n b lee d- o ut u pon st or a ge a n d yie ld a pr o p er s ur fa c e c o nd i t io n f or
Che m id ite c on v er s io n c oa t ing s .

Carb o n t reat me nt :

In t h e pa st , c ar bo n t r ea t me n t of a ci d ch l or id e zi nc p lat i ng b a th s w a s a
c om m o n pra c t ice w hi c h w as r e q u ir e d to r e m o ve br i g ht en er br eak d ow n
pr o d u ct s . T h e Ul tr a br i t e 108 5M / 10 8 5 R br igh t ener s ys t em is d e s ig n ed so t hat
c ar b o n tr ea t m ent is se ld om r eq u ir ed . How e v er , i f a low c l oud po int
te m per atur e c o nd iti on i s e nc ou nt er ed due to o il dr ag i n, an in c om p a tib il it y
w it h a co m pe t it iv e br ig ht en er s ys t em o r s o me o th er c a u se s, car b on
tr eat m e nt m a y b e r e quir ed.

Car b on tr e a tm e nt m a y u s u a ll y b e p erf or m e d b y ad din g c ar bo n t o t he fil ter

pa ck . In c a se w her e a low cl o ud po int t em p er at ur e o c cu r s th e im pur it ie s m a y
be r em o v ed b y h ea t ing th e b at h u n til it be c om es c lou d y th us o il ing ou t th e
imp ur it ie s, w h ile t h e f ilt er is in op er at i on.

Page 7 of 11
10. AN ALYTICAL CONTROL :

Zinc (as Metal) :

P ip e tt e e xa c t l y 2 m l of pla t in g s o lu t ion i nt o 25 0 m l E r l e nm e ye r f la sk a nd
dilu te t o ab o ut 1 00 m l w ith d is t ill e d w at e r or D. M . W ater . A d d 1 5 ml of
am m o niu m c hl or i de b uf fer s o lut i on ( 5 5 g o f am m o niu m c hlor ide and 350 m l
c on c . A m m on ia in 1 0 00 m l DM w a ter ) & 2 - 4 dr op s of Er io c hr o me B la ck T
ind ic at or ( 0. 2 gm E r io chr om e B la ck T and 2 g m H yd r o x yl Am in e
H ydr o c h lor i de i n 5 0 % me th a no l) . Tit r at e i m m e di at e l y w it h st an d ar d 0 .0 5 75
(M ) E DT A s o l ut ion unt i l c ol our c ha n ge s fr o m r ed d is h p ur p le to b lu e.

Zin c ( g /l ) = ml o f 0. 05 75 ( M) E DT A X 1 .8 7

To t al Chl o r id e :

P ip e tt e e xa c t l y 5 m l of p l at ing so lut i on int o 1 00 m l vo lu m et r i c f l as k , M ak e u p

th e v ol um e w it h d ist ill ed or D. M .W ater . P ip e tt e e x a c tl y 1 0 ml o f t h is s ol uti o n
int o 25 0 m l E r le n m e yer f l a sk di lut e t o ab ou t 6 0 m l add 1. 0 g m ca l c ium
c ar b o n at e a n d 1 m l p ot a s s ium c hr om at e in d ic at or . T itr a t e w ith 0. 1( N) s il v er
nitr at e s o lut i on un t il c o lo ur c h a nge s fr om ye llow t o buf f .

To t al Chl o r id e ( g / l) = ml o f 0. 1 ( N) Si l ve r N it r at e X 7 . 08

Bo ri c Ac i d :

P ip e tt e 5 m l o f p l at in g so l ut ion i nt o 25 0 m l Er len m e yer fl ask . A dd a bou t 1 0

m l o f D. M / d ist i ll ed w at er . A d d 10. 0 g m of M a nn i to l a nd st ir w e ll. T it r at e w it h
0. 1( N) s o d iu m h ydr o x i de s o lut io n u sin g 4 dr op s Br o m oc r e s o l pur ple i n di ca tor
fr om gr e en t o b l ue en d p o in t.

Boric Acid (g/l) = ml of 0.1 (N) Sodium Hydroxide X 1.24

11. TROUBLESHOOTING :
W hen a pr ob le m i s enc ou n ter e d, an a l yze for zin c c h lor i de a nd to ta l chl or id e
c on c e ntr at io n s an d c h e ck th e pH of t he p lat i ng so lut i o n. I f t h es e v a lue s a nd
th e op er at i ng co n dit i on s ar e w i t hin pr e s cr ibe d lim it s , Hu l l Ce ll te s t s ar e
s ug g e st e d ( re f er t o 7 . b) par t i n m ai nt e nan c e se c t ion) . W hen c o nd u ct ing Hu ll
Cel l t es t s, m i s lea d in g de po s it s w ill re s u lt if t he s t eel p ane l s ar e n o t p er fe c t l y
c lea ned . Ver y of t en , e le c tr o c l e an i ng is n e c e s sar y t o r e m o ve r e s i du a l o ils
an d sm ut not r em o ve d in t he str i ppi ng s t ep .

I mpu r it i e s :

Th e ef f e ct s of sm a l l am ou n t s of m et a llic or or ga n ic im pur i t ie s m a y b e
ma sk e d b y th e Ultr a b r it e 1 0 85M a nd U ltr a br it e 1 08 5R a d d it i v e s ; how e v er ,
w he n pr e s en t in lar g e am o un t s, im pur i tie s ma y b e r e m o ve d as d e s cr ib e d i n
th e t ab l e.

Page 8 of 11
 Effects and treatment of impurities in Ultrabrite 1085M/1085R bath *

Conta mina nt Effe ct Trea tme nt

Iro n Dar k n es s p la t e in h ig h c ur r e nt
de n s it y ar e a s in c hr o m at i ng .
Rem o ve f a llen p ar t s f r om pla tin g
reg u lar l y. H yd r og e n p er ox i d e-
tr eat da i l y a t t he en d of t h e s h if t
w it h 35 % h yd r o ge n pe r ox id e 3-
6m l/1 0 0 L of p lat i ng s o l ut ion .
Dilut e w it h w at er b ef or e a dd iti on.

Cad mi u m Du ll nes s o v er a l l. Tr e at Z in c - d ust at 1 20 g/ 1 00 0L or

Dar k e ns p la t e in l ow c ur r en t low cur r ent de n s it y d u m m y.
de n s it y ar e a s in c hr o m at i ng .
Lo s s of co v er ag e.
L e ad Sk ip pla te in low c ur r ent de n s it y Tr e at Z in c - d ust at 1 20 g /1 0 00 L or
ar e as ( es p e c ial l y in b a rr e l low cur r ent de n s it y d u m m y.
p la t in g) .
Dar k e n s p la t e in c hr o ma t in g.
Co pp e r Dar k e ns p la t e in l ow c ur r en t Tr e at Z in c - d ust at 1 20 g /1 0 00 L or
de n s it y ar e a s in c hr o m at i ng . low cur r ent de n s it y d u m m y.

Ch ro miu m Low o f p la t ing e ff ic ien c y. Hex a v al ent c hr o m ium m a y b e

Low o f ad he s io n. red u c e d b y tr e at m e nt w it h
Du ll nes s in h ig h c ur r e nt d en s it y h ydr o g en per o x id e or zi nc - d u st
ar e as . tr eat at 12 0g /1 0 00L .
Ni ck e l Dar k e ns p la t e in h igh an d low Tr e at Z in c - d ust at 1 20 g /1 0 00 L or
c ur r ent d en s i t y ar eas in low cur r ent de n s it y d u m m y.
c hr o m at i ng.
O rg an i cs St ai n s on ba s i s m e ta l and Fi lt er t hr oug h c ar bo n pack .
( o il o r g r eas e) thr o ugh ou t p lat e.
Lo s s of a d hes ion .
Du ll nes s in low c ur r e n t de n s it y
ar e as .

* Th e ef fe c t s of s om e im p ur it i es ar e int en s if ie d i n bar re l p la t in g an d ma y n ot b e
ob v io u s in Hu l l Ce l l an a l ys i s .

Bu rn in g :

B ur n i ng oc c ur s in t he hig h c ur r ent d e ns it y ar e a s an d m a y a p pea r as a fr o st y,

gr a in y, s p ong y or h ea v il y pi tt e d d e pos it . The f o llow in g c on d it i on s c au s e
bur n ing .

1) Low or h ig h c h lor i de.

2) H ig h p H.
3) Low Ul tr a br it e 1 085 M c onc entr at i on.
4) H ig h Ultr a br it e 10 8 5 R c onc entr at i on.
5) I ns uf f ic ient ag i ta t io n
6) Low t em p er a t ur e .
7) Low zi n c c o n cen tr a t io n.

Page 9 of 11
S om e ti m e s, st a i ni n g or et chi n g fr om t h e e le c tr o c le aner w i ll le a v e pa tt er n s i n
th e h igh c ur r e n t d en s it y ar eas w h ic h ap pe ar t o be b ur n ing a ft er
ele c tr o pl at ing .

Dul ln es s :

Dul lne s s u su a ll y o c c ur s f ir st in th e l ow c ur r ent d ens i t y ar ea s an d m a y

de v e lop o v er a ll cur r ent de n s it ie s. Th e f o llo w in g c ond it io n s c a u se du l lne s s :

1) Us e o f im pur e p ot a s s i um c hlor ide or zi nc c h lor id e.

2) Low c on ce n tr a t io n s o f br ight e n er ad dit iv e s .
3) Hig h te m p er a tu r e
4) In s uf f ic ie nt c le a n in g o r p ick l in g o p er a t i on.
5) Me t all ic or or g a n ic i m pur it ie s .
6) O v er - ad d it i on s of h ydr og e n p er o x i de
7) Low c lo ud p oi nt .

Ad h es io n :

B e ca us e of l ow in ter na l st r e s s ch ar act er i s tic s an d t he adv a n ce d w ett in g

s ys t e m i nc or p or at e d in t he Ul tr abr i te 108 5M / 108 5 R p r o c es s de po s it s
nor m al l y hav e e x c elle nt adh e s ion , ev en at he a v y th i ck n es s . How e ver , p oor
ad h e s io n m a y be e n co un t ere d o c c a s ion a ll y d ue t o t he f o llow in g :

1) P oor pre tr ea t m ent ( c le ani n g or p i ck lin g and s ub s e que nt r ins in g).

2) Low c hl or id e c o n cen tr at i on.
3) Low t em p er at ur e .
4) Hig h Ult r abr it e 10 8 5 R c on c e nt r at i o n.
5) Low Ultr a br it e 1 08 5M c on c e nt r at i o n.
6) Me t all ic or or g a n ic c o nt a mi n at io n.

Clou d p o in t :

Th e ‘c lou d p oin t ’ is d e fi ned a s t he t em per at ur e at w h ich t h e s o lut ion beg ins

to be co m e c lo u d y r at her t han c l ear . S in c e t h e Ult ra br it e 10 8 5M / 10 8 5 R
s ys t e m w as de s i gne d t o op er at e w it h a v er y hi gh c lo u d poi nt t e m per at ur e
th is ef fe c t i s se ld om e n co unt er ed . How ev er , if th e w or k i n g s ol ut io n bec o m es
c lou d y a t n or ma l oper a t ing t em per at ur e s t he r e s u lt ing w or k w ill not b e
br ight . Th e f o llow in g c on d it i on s c an c au s e a low c lo ud po i nt ;

1) E x c e s si v e br i g ht en er ad d it i on ( Ul tr abr i t e 1085 R) .
2) Im pr op er r at io of Ult r abr it e 108 5 M/ 1 08 5 R u s ed f or m a int en a n ce.
3) O il fr o m pr et r e at m en t of w or k or f r om m a c hiner y ha s a c c u mu lat e d in th e
p la t in g b at h.
4) Co nv er s io n f r o m an in co m pa t ibl e br ig h te ne r s ys t e m m a y r e q u ir e c ar bo n
tr e at m e nt .
5) Low er p H t h an t h e o per at i ng le v e l.

Page 10 of 11
12. DISPOS AL :

Chl or id e Z in c P la t ing s o lu t ion is a w e ek ly a c id i c m at er ia l. UL TRA B RI TE

10 8 5M an d UL T RA B RI T E 1 0 85 R ar e b i o- de g r ada b le ma t er i al. Ne ut ra lize t h e
ef f lu e nt a nd pr ec ip ita te Zin c a s h yd r ox id e b ef or e di s p os al . Di s po s e th e
re s id ue a s p er G o v er n m en t r egu lat i on.

13. SAFETY :

ULT RA B R I TE 1 0 85M an d UL T RA B RI TE 10 85 R ar e cor r o s iv e and c an c au s e

bur n s t o e ye s or s k in. A v o id br e at hin g m ist or v a por . Us e a de q ua te
v en t i la t ion. W hen h a nd ling t he s e pr odu c t s or s a lt s o lu t io ns , w ear ru b ber
glo v es , r u bber a pr on s, s af et y go g g le s , c he m ic a ls f ac e s hi e ld a nd a c i d
re s i st an t c l ot h i ng. W as h t hor ou g hl y af t er ha ndl ing .

14 BEST BEFORE END :

1 yea r fr o m m o nt h o f m an uf a ct ur ing .

15. PACKING :

5L , 3 0L HDP E Co nt ai n er .

NO TE : Th e “I nitial Bat h Make-up” and “Op erating Paramet ers ” m ent ione d h erein are norm al
for most inst allations . Howev er, GTZ repres ent at iv e may s ugges t a dev iation f rom
this data to meet specification requirement or local conditions.

GTZ (INDIA) PRIVATE LIMITED

9, Brabourne Road, Kolkata-700 001
RE V I SIO N NO .: 2. 0
IS S UE D O N : J ul y’2 0 1 9 2242 9900/01 Fax : 91-33 2210 7634
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