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Group 4-RRL and RRS
Group 4-RRL and RRS
To gain a better insight of the study, a review of related literature and study was made to
determine the Covid 19 Pandemic: An Analysis of School’s Preparedness and Response Plans.
Related Literature
and Response Plans have been carried out locally and abroad. There have been some on a small
Local
COVID-19 pandemic has provided us with an opportunity to pave the way for
introducing digital learning. This article aims to provide a comprehensive report on the impact of
the COVID-19 pandemic on online teaching and learning of various papers and indicate the way
forward.
Pedagogy for Continuing Education Through Online Lockdown and social distancing measures
due to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to closures of schools, training institutes and higher
education facilities in most countries. There is a paradigm shift in the way educators deliver
quality education—through various online platforms. The online learning, distance and
continuing education have become a panacea for this unprecedented global pandemic, despite the
challenges posed to both educators and the learners. Transitioning from traditional face-to-face
learning to online learning can be an entirely different experience for the learners and the
educators, which they must adapt to with little or no other alternatives available. The education
system and the educators have adopted “Education in Emergency” through various online
platforms and are compelled to adopt a system that they are not prepared for. E-learning tools
have played a crucial role during this pandemic, helping schools and universities facilitate
student learning during the closure of universities and schools (Subedi et al., 2020). While
adapting to the new changes, staff and student readiness needs to be gauged and supported
accordingly. The learners with a fixed mindset find it difficult to adapt and adjust, whereas the
learners with a growth mindset quickly adapt to a new learning environment. There is no
onesize-fits-all pedagogy for online learning. There are a variety of subjects with varying needs.
Different subjects and age groups require different approaches to online learning (Doucet et al.,
2020). Online learning also allows physically challenged students with more freedom to
participate in learning in the virtual environment, requiring limited movement (Basilaia &
Kvavadze, 2020).
Research had been carried out locally and abroad. There have been some on a small scale
Foreign
In the study of Basilaia et al. (2020) entitled “Transition to Online Education in Schools
the online form of education went successful and gained experience can be used in the future.
The Study of Basilaia et al. is similar to the present research because it both deal with the
results of the transition of new normal. On the other hand, the research is unique because it will
also focus on the Modular Learning and Radio Based Instruction (RBI).
The conducted Study of Melnick et al. (2020) entitled “Reopening Schools in the Context
of COVID-19: Health and Safety Guidelines from Other Countries” stated that As the United
States considers reopening schools after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic,
policymakers and administrators need to consider how to reopen in a way that keeps students and
staff safe. This brief provides insight into health and safety guidelines and social distancing
strategies used in other countries that have successfully reopened their schools in the context of
The conducted Study of Melnick et al. (2020) is similar to the present study because it
both deal with the Guidelines and Policies. On the other hand, this study is unique because it will
focus more on the analysis of School’s preparedness in terms of IATF Safety protocols.
Local
According to the study of Tria (2020) entitled “The COVID-19 Pandemic through the
lens of Education in the Philippines: The New Normal” The challenge herewith is on how to
provide and deliver quality education amidst exceptional times, like the COVID-19 pandemic,
and on what extent are we going to become prepared when another crisis comes in the future.
The study of Tria is parallel to the present research because will deal on the Preparedness,
Problems Encountered by the Pupils and the Teachers and Response plan of the school in amidst
of Pandemic.
CHAPTER 2
Intermediate Learners
To gain a better insight of the study, a review of related literature and study was made to
determine the Radio Based Instruction: It’s Impact to The Mathematical Comprehension of The
Intermediate Learners.
Related Literature
Researchers regarding the Radio Based Instruction: It’s Impact to The Mathematical
Comprehension of The Intermediate Learners have been carried out locally and abroad. There
have been some on a small scale and only limited aspect of the subject.
Foreign
the present-day research. Busari (2009) defined academic performance as the level of
(2010), academic performance was the exhibition of knowledge attainment or skills developed
by students in the school subject usually designed by test scores or by marks assigned by
persistent low academic achievement was attributed to teacher instructional strategies among
significant influence on learner’s academic achievement. Atadoga and Onaolapo (2008) stated
that instructional strategies adopted by teachers at all levels of education in imparting knowledge
and skills to the learners were determined by teacher’s abilities, topic to be taught, learners age,
available resources, and available space. Thus, Poopola (2010) ascertained that academic
qualifications, child’s home background, school environment attitude and interest among others.
The concept of gender in teaching and learning process has attracted the attention of
many psychologists, biologists, and researchers as a result of which a lot of literatures exist on
different aspects of the concepts (Bichi, 2002). Research question No. 2 of this study focuses on
academic achievement of male and female students in weather concept. These necessities the
researcher to review some relevant literatures on gender and academic achievement in science
learning (Nsofor, 2010). Male show more positive attitudes toward science that females (Prokop,
Tuncer & Chuda, 2007). Moreover, a careful consideration of the statistics of contribution of
gender in science.
Radio has been used for educational purposes since its beginning in the early 1920's. The
application of radio to the educational problems of developing nations is not a new concept by
any means. Most developing nations have broadcast capabilities to cover their geographic region.
The main technical problem is the absence of receivers for all people. Some countries have
governmental problems in allowing the import of transistors or radios for use by the populace.
Additionally, radio broadcast technicians and educational radio format designers are very scarce
in developing countries and academic programs need to be created on a large scale. Those
studies of the effect of educational radio often used materials not developed specifically for radio
use, instead the materials were usually for classroom presentation or even ITV. The great gains
in learning shown in radio lessons might therefore be even further enhanced by using materials
designed specifically for radio use (see McLuhan). Other areas of need are those of longitudinal
studies concerning the effects of radio used over an extended period, and studies of single-
Local Literature
The use of radio lessons motivates the learners if they are used in such a way as to
stimulate learning (Bates 1984). Radio also helps the learners and the teacher to avoid falling
back to their local dialect. Broadcast lessons helps to simplify language teaching process and
makes it perfect.
Odera (2008) adds that broadcast helps to provide opportunity to provide stimulating
skilled behaviour which is only effective when two or more people are involved and more so in
using audio or face to face communication, Since the introduction of school radio broadcast, the
emphasis has been on singing along with the songs played by the classroom teacher who is
expected to be a facilitator doing only what is directed by the radio teacher. The rationale is that
learners benefit from listening to the well-researched mathematics lessons and learn the
and recommended its use to increase and improve learners’ imagination and listening skills.
They recognized the importance of radio as a medium that relies on a single sense (hearing) and
Related Studies
Research had been carried out locally and abroad. There have been some on a small scale
Foreign
In the study of Volda Elliott et al. (2017) which entitled “The effectiveness of Interactive
Radio Instruction (IRI) within selected Primary Schools in Region Number Four (4),” radio is
the most universal mass communication medium capable of supporting effective local
development programs at a minimal cost. It plays an extremely vital role in the information &
would act as a catalyst for a surge in economic and social development during a period in which
television also pervaded the houses of citizens in high income countries. However, he noted that,
on a worldwide scale it is the medium of radio that has remained the most potent communication
innovation since the development of writing. The large- scale manufacture of cheap, battery-
operated transistor radios has been the breakthrough responsible for pulling most of the world’s
in which transmitter and receiver are unseen. From Jamison ‘s (1978) point of view, this
technological tool offers the greatest potential for building up a one-to-one relationship with each
member within a classroom. It can transcend the territory of the region and breaks the barriers of
numeracy. Therefore, children living in rive rain communities can receive the same quality
In Sri Lanka, one person in 500 has access to Internet, but virtually everyone has a radio.
Under the supervision of a common programme between UNESCO and the government, radio is
used as a link between people and the Internet (Emadi, 2003). Bolivia on the other hand, had
fewer than five telephone lines per hundred people in 1996, but more than 57 radio receivers per
Radio is relatively cheap technology with a very extensive reach (Moulton 1994; Olsson,
1994). Although for many, radio’s main potential is regarded as providing a powerful medium
for promoting human rights, democracy, and active citizenship, in Malawi radio has also
crucially been used for literacy and basic education at the grass-roots level (USAID, 2007).
This study is similar to the current research wherein it deals about the impact Interactive
Radio Instruction or IRI program, how it develops their comprehension and listening skills which
Socio Emotional Effect of Blended Learning to the Teachers and Learners of the School in
Gerona Tarlac
To gain a better insight of the study, a review of related literature and study was made to
determine the Socio Emotional Effect of Blended Learning to the Teachers and Learners of the
Related Literature
Researchers regarding the Socio Emotional Effect of Blended Learning to the Teachers
and Learners of the School in Gerona Tarlac have been carried out locally and abroad. There
have been some on a small scale and only limited aspect of the subject.
Foreign
Classrooms across America look very different – they range from the innovative to the
highly traditional. So, according to Langa, “the challenge is not just finding out innovative
approaches to the use of technology (blending learning), but "reinventing student- teacher
relationships" and even "giving the lead to our students and involve them in teaching and
learning activities as partners" (Langa, 2016, p. 127). Can blended learning be a bridge that helps
to build a different relationship for teachers and students? This research measured student
achievement in hopes of helping teachers, administrators, parents, and anyone else concerned
with the education of young people understand how to best educate the next generation and
prepare them for the diverse world they will soon lead.
Busaidi and Al-Shihi (2011) worked on key factors of instructors for the satisfaction of
learning management system by blended learning. They have taken variables like computer
management system in blended learning. Result of the study comes out as anxiety was the key
factor influencing instructor satisfaction of learning management system. They concluded that
computer anxiety has a negative impact over the satisfaction of learning management system
Local
According to a study done by Johnson et.al (2012), teachers had trouble learning and
relearning this new mode of instruction. Teachers exerted not only effort, but they also needed to
find time to explore online learning and create and design activities fit for it. In another study by
Posey (n.d.), the teachers enumerated the following difficulties: adapting their classroom
teaching strategies to online teaching strategies, adjusting their time, and pacing to that of every
student enrolled in an online class. Teachers must also have sufficient knowledge and skills on
the dynamics of online learning. According to the teachers, online learning is very different from
classroom structure where both teacher and students have a scheduled time to be in class. The
flexibility that online learning offers is perceived by teachers as a difficult challenge. There is a
seemingly false notion that students in an online class can contact their teachers 24/7. Lastly,
there were teachers who really placed a lot of premiums on face-to-face interaction than online
interaction. Many teachers believed that face-to-face interaction helped build teacher-student
relationship. The teacher in an actual classroom can encourage and motivate students to be more
responsible. There were also problems that were better addressed in an actual classroom because
the teacher could talk to the students face-to-face. In an online class, students could easily miss
announcements, requirements and get lost in the long thread of online discussion if they did not
consistently log in to their online courses. If they do not log in, no teacher-student relationship is
established. This usually happens if students are not self-motivated to meet the requirements.
Research had been carried out locally and abroad. There have been some on a small scale
Local
In the study of Lapitan, Jr et al. (2021) entitled “An effective blended online teaching and
learning strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic”. The shift to distance teaching and learning
during the COVID-19 pandemic brought about a real challenge for both instructors and students.
Here we present an online strategy that facilitated the transition from traditional face-to-face
learning to online instruction. These are the five-component blended learning strategy referred to
discussed blended learning. However, the research is unique because it will focus on the Socio-
Related to the study of Hinampas and Murillo (2018), entitled “Blended Learning
Laboratories” they indicated that, it is one way of developing how the teachers teach and how the
students learn. However, as the world becomes connected all around the globe and become
globally competitive in all aspects, the way of teaching science education has also changed. The
analyzing, and questioning. Further results showed no significant difference existed between the
academic achievement of students exposed to the blended learning approach and those exposed
The study of Hinampas and Murillo (2018) is related to the current research because like
how the teachers and learners have a good effect on blended learning.