TENSE FORMS:

- ALWAYS / USUALLY/ OFTEN/ SOMETIMES/ HARDLY EVER/ RARELY /NEVER =

SIMPLE form of verbs : I always eat lunch at 12. / I always ate lunch at 12 when I was at school.

NEVER/EVER/JUST/ ALREADY/ YET/ BEFORE/ RECENTLY/ FOR/ SINCE -

PERFECT form: present perfect / past perfect/ present perfect continuous/ past perfect
continuous

HOW LONG : perfect : How long have you been here?

WHEN: past simple: When did you come?

past simple+ WHILE+ past continuous : Aykhan put paper on his neck while I was
explaining the topic.

Present perfect + SINCE+ past simple: I have been angry since Aykhan started to play.

TENSE FORMS:

PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT

CONTINUOUS

- USUAL actions - actions that are - look at sentence if - you should look at
- Actions that repeat happening NOW you see even ONE HOW LONG the
again and again - Future plans PAST verb you action happened
CANNOT USE - Long actions
present perfect - You don’t always
- Action must be have the result
finished
- Action must be short

Subject + verb Subject + am/is/are + Subject + have/has + Subject + have/has +

SHE/HE/IT + VERB + es/ verb + ing verb3 been + verb + ing
es
Aykhan is cutting Ira, you look sad. What
She leaves home at 7 paper now. has happened? Aykhan, you look
every day. blushed. (red) Have
Aykhan isn’t going to I have not read that you been running?
cinema today. book yet.

SIGNAL WORDS SIGNAL WORDS: SIGNAL WORDS: SIGNAL WORDS:

- always - now - never - since
- Usually /normally / - At the moment - Ever (indiye geder) - For
generally / - This - Just (indice) - Recently
frequently - tonight - Already - Before
- Often - Next - Since (bãri) - So far
- Sometimes - Today - For - How long
- rarely/ hardly ever - Currently - Yet
- Never - recently
- Before
- So far
- How long - ?
PAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

- past actions that - YOU SEE EXACT TIME - If 1 action - this action was
have NO (degig vast) in the happened before LONG , IT HAPPENED
connection with past : I was talking to past action: Ira, you before any action in
now Aykhan’s mum didn’t come to class the past
- If you see present in yesterday at 6 yesterday. Had Fatik, you failed the
the sentence DON’T o’clock. something test yesterday. Hadn’t
USE PAST SIMPLE!!! - Your action is LONG happened? you been studying
- SHORT time actions and in the past : I - If you see “by” in the before the test?
in the past was watching TV sentence : I had (before yesterday)
yesterday. done my homework
by 5 o’clock It was meh birthday
yesterday. yesterday. I had been
- If you see “before” : organizing it for long
The game had time before.
already started
before we came.
- SHORT ACTIONS

Subject + verb+ed / Subject + was /were + Subject + had + verb3 Subject + had + been
Subject + irregular verb verb +ing + verb +ing
2

SIGNAL WORDS: SIGNAL WORDS: SIGNAL WORDS: SIGNAL WORDS:

- yesterday - while - BY - Before
- Last - Exact time in the - BEFORE - Since
- Ago past - SINCE - By
- In - yesterday - FOR
- When - In - YET
- After - NEVER
- Before - ALREADY
- Since + past simple
- As soon as (kimi)

I have been studying English since I moved to that city.