CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION
Kerala state co-operative bank limited, branded as Kerala Bank, is a scheduled state co-operative
Bank in India, established by the government of Kerala. The bank was established by amalgamating
13 District Co-operative banks in Kerala state Co-operative Bank. The bank has been performing
encouragingly very well after its inception to environment favouring investment in India, a large
chunk of NRI is depositing their money with Kerala bank.

With the issuance of a notification establishing the Kerala state co-operative Bank, the bank started
functioning from 29 November 2019 onwards. The bank was formally launched by Pinarayi
Vijayan, chief minister of Kerala, in function held in Thiruvananthapuram on 6 December 2019.

The origins of the Kerala state co-operative bank, which with the amalgamation of 13 district co-
operative banks has been transformed as the Kerala bank can be traced to early 20th century. It was
in the year 1914, “the Travancore central co-operative societies regulations act” was promulgated
and the first co-operative bank, “Trivandrum central co-operative bank” was setup under the act.
The Travancore central co-operative bank metamorphosed into Kerala state co-operative bank in
1956 when the state of Kerala was formed after the reorganisation of the Indian states.

Among the 14 District Co-operative Banks functioning in Kerala at the time of the formation of
Kerala State Co-operative Bank, only the Malappuram District Co-operative Bank Ltd had opposed
merger with the Kerala State Co-operative Bank. Also, the Kerala High Court has issued a stay
order on the Kerala State Government's move to merge the Malappuram District Co-operative Bank
with the Kerala State Co-operative Bank. In addition to the 14 district co-operative banks, Kerala
has a network of 1,692 Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS's) and 16 licensed Urban Co-
operative Banks all of which have become members/shareholders of Kerala State Co-operative
Bank.

The primary agricultural credit societies (PACS’s) and urban co-operative banks (UCB’s) are
designated as the ‘A’ class members of the Kerala state co-operative bank. The supreme authority
of the bank is the general body. The general body consists of delegates of ‘A’ class members, ex-
officio directors and directors nominated by the government. The management of the bank is vested
in the board of director’s subject to the overall control of the general body. The board of directors
consists of twenty-one members of whom fifteen are elected by the ‘A’ class members of the bank.

The Kerala bank in the state of Kerala follows a two tier system, Kerala bank was on the top level
followed by head office of Kerala bank. Second level is followed by all branches of Kerala bank.
To remain the strong stand and leading organisation in the co-operative credit structure and to be
the backbone for the rural financial sector of Kerala. The efficient management of the organisation
would aspires to function as a professional and socially responsible organisation ensuring the best
services to its stakeholders and customers by providing good value for their money and thereby
ensure accelerated development of the rural population.

The headquarters of the Kerala Bank is in Thiruvananthapuram and the corporate office is based in
Kochi. The Bank has seven regional offices created by merging two District Co-operative Banks to
handle businesses of two districts each. The regional offices are in Thiruvananthapuram (along with
Kollam), Alappuzha (along with Pathanamthitta), Kottayam (along with Idukki), Thrissur (along
with Ernakulum), Palakkad (along with Malappuram), Kozhikode (along with Wayanad) and
Kannur (along with Kasaragod).
SCOPE OF STUDY

This study is undertaken to describe the customer’s acknowledgement and perception towards the
facilities provided by the Kerala state co-operative bank. Its helps us to understand the various
facilities and schemes offered by the Kerala state co-operative bank.

This study also analyse the customer’s satisfaction level that they acquire from the services and
facilities provided by the Kerala state co-operative bank.

The study also reveals the impact that can bring upon the society by the activities reflected upon
the society by the Kerala state co-operative bank, and how the Kerala state co-operative bank helps
toward the development of the society.

The study also enables us to understand the various reforms that the Kerala bank has taken to
improvise their management and day-to-day working of the Kerala bank.

OBJECTIVES

 To study the scheme of loans and advances provided by the Kerala bank.
 To provide the basic banking services to its members.
 To provide modern banking services and facilities like online banking, online application
form, etc…
 To analyse the customer satisfaction in regard with Kerala bank
METHODOLOGY

The study conducted in Kerala bank was in order to identify the lending practices and determining
the satisfaction level of customers. The present study is based on primary data. A sample of 100
customers has been selected from the Kerala bank. A structured questionnaire was administrated
among the respondent for collecting the necessary information. Secondary data was collected by
using books and information’s from various internet websites and platforms.

PERIOD OF STUDY

The study was conducted over a period of 3 months during the pre covid-19 situation.

TOOLS FOR ANALYSIS

The data collected through questionnaire is classified and tabulated according to the needs of the
study. Various types of diagrams such as bar diagram, pie-chart, table are used as tools for analysis.

LIMITATIONS

 The employees of Kerala bank were unable to comply with us freely due to their busy line
of work
 We faced the difficulty of frequent national holidays that occurred over the period of time
 We weren’t authorised to conduct a visit with financial managers and higher ups of the bank
 We were forced to enclose our enquiry with the bank employees due to the short working
hours and due to the covid-19 regulations prevailing over the period
 CHAPTER-2

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
KERALA BANK

The beginning of Kerala state co-operative bank ltd dates back to early 20th century. In the year
1914, the then maharaja of Travancore, his highness sree moolam ramavarma, through a
proclamation introduced “The Travancore co-operative regulation Act”. The bank was registered in
the year 1915 as the “Trivandrum central co-operative Bank” which was the first co-operative
society to be formed in the former princely state of Travancore. It started functioning as a bank on
January 18, 1916 with a share capital of rs.100000/- made up of 1000 shares of rs.100/- each. In the
beginning there were 10 co-operative societies and 69 individuals as its members.

In 1943, it was converted into the Travancore central co-operative bank, the bank was then re-
organized as a state co-operative bank for Travancore-cochin state in the year 1956. The bank was
then elevated to the position of state co-operative bank for the state of Kerala and it became “The
Kerala state co-operative Bank ltd”.

The Kerala state co-operative bank was included in the 2nd schedule of the reserve bank of India Act
1934. The reserve bank of India as per the provision contained in the 2nd schedule approved the
bank as a scheduled state co-operative bank. The Kerala state co-operative bank Ltd is the first
scheduled Apex co-operative bank in the co-operative banking sector in the country

The Kerala state co-operative bank was registered and retained as an apex bank in which only co-
operative banks approved by the registrar of co-operative societies were admitted as members.
Since then the Trivandrum district co-operative bank and the government of Kerala were the only
members. Subsequently after the formation of the districts, district co-operative banks were
registered in each district and all the district co-operative banks were admitted as members.

The government of Kerala has taken a policy decision to convert the present three tier short term
co-operative structure within the state to a two tier structure. The reserve bank of India had
conveyed their consent for the amalgamation of 13 district co-operative bank who approved scheme
of amalgamation with Kerala state co-operative bank. The registrar of co-operative societies has
approved the resolution passed by 13 district co-operative banks on 07-03-2019 to transfer its assets
and liabilities in whole to Kerala state co-operative bank and issued order passed by general bodies
of respective district co-operative banks as provided under section 14A of KCS Act. Accordingly,
from 29-11-2019 onwards, Kerala state co-operative bank and 13 district co-operative banks are
functioning as a single entity with brand name “Kerala Bank”.
GENERAL BODY

The general body of the bank shall consist of;

i. Delegates of the A class member (PACS & UCBs)

ii. Ex-officio directors
iii. Directors nominated by the government

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS (BoD)

(a) Fourteen members elected by the A class members of the bank from among the delegates of
PACS,
i. General – 10 members;
ii. Women (reservation) – 3 members
iii. SC ST/ (reservation) – 1 member
(b) One member representing the urban co-operative banks
(c) Two independent professional Directors nominated by the government.
(d) Four ex-officio members;
i. Secretary, co-operative, govt of India
ii. Registrar of cooperative societies
iii. Chief general manager, NABARD, Regional office, Kerala and
iv. MD, Kerala sate cooperative bank ltd
BOARD OF MANAGEMENT (BoM)

A board of management shall be constituted by the board of directors as per the guidelines of RBI.
There shall be a board of management consisting of not more than 12 members.

i. At least fifty per cent of the members of BoM shall consist of persons having special
knowledge or practical experience in respect of one or more of the following matters,
namely;
 Accountancy
 Agriculture and rural economy
 Banking
 Co-operation
 Economics
 Finance
 Law
 Small scale industry
 Information technology
 Any other matter the special knowledge of which would be useful to bank

ii. BoM shall be constituted from the elected members of the board of directors provided that
they meet the criteria specified. However, not more than 50 per cent of the BoM members
shall be from BoD. Under all circumstances, BoM shall have at least two members from
outside the BoD.

The chairman of BoM shall be selected from the BoM by the BoD.
OFFICE AND ADMINISTRATIVE SET UP

The head office of the bank is at Thiruvananthapuram, corporate business and liaison office at
Ernakulum, seven regional offices at Thiruvananthapuram, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Thrissur,
Palakkad, Kozhikode and Kannur.

The bank operates through a network of 769 branches. The hierarchical order in the bank is chief
executive officer, chief general managers, deputy general managers, managers, account officers and
assistants with necessary supporting staff.

The head office of the bank consists of the following g 6 departments, each headed by a general
manager.

1. General administration, HR & law

2. Credit, credit monitoring and recovery
3. Business planning and co-operative credit
4. General banking and treasury
5. Audit, inspection & marketing
6. Information technology and digital banking

The regional offices are headed by the regional managers in the rank of general manager.

Some of the Important officials of Kerala banks are the following;

1. Rajan p.s is the first chief executive officer

2. Mini Anthony IAS, is the first administrator of the Kerala state co-operative bank
3. Gopi kottarmurikkal is the first president of Kerala bank
4. M K Kannan is the vice president of Kerala bank
CO-OPERATION

Co-operation is a word derived from ‘co-operari’ which means working together. That means
working with other people who have one and same goal, but who are incapable to fulfil the dream
individually. This line of thought namely ‘co-operation’ is a new socio-economic and political
system to overcome the difficulties of the socialistic and capitalistic systems of economy. The
system of economy whether it is capitalism or socialism is subject to a lot of criticism. Under
capitalism all is for an individual and the individual is for himself. Under socialism, each individual
is for all and all individuals are for all. In practice socialistic and capitalistic systems of economy
failed in many respect due to lack of individual interest and concentration of economic powers.

Co-operation is an instinctive present in all living beings. It is living, working, and thinking
together. But in the economic sense it is unique method doing business. It is morality which is
applied to business which has keen sense of social existence.

Many important personals have given meaning and definition to the term co-operation, which are as
follows;

 H Calvert, according to him, “co-operation is a form of organisation in which persons

voluntarily associate together as human beings on the basis of equality for the promotion of
economic interests of themselves”
 C.F Strickland “every group of individuals associated to secure a common end by joint
efforts may be said a co-operate”
 V.L. Mehta defined “co-operation is only one aspect of vast movements which promotes
voluntary association of individuals having common need, who combine to the
achievements of the common economic need”.
FEATURES OF CO-OPERATION

1. VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATION

Every co-operative originates from persons who have a common objective. It is purely voluntary in
nature. An individual enjoys freedom in joining and leaving the concern.

2. AUTONOMY

A co-operative believes in autonomy, members of the organisation should get all the powers and
rights to conduct the business for their mutual benefits. Its ideology is against any interference from
outside.

3. JOINT OWNERSIP

A co-operative assures joint ownership of their members, the assets are owned by the members
jointly and they do business for themselves and share its benefits.

4. DEMOCRACY

The management of the co-operative is vested in the board of directors who are elected in a
democratic manner. In a co-operative, every member has equal voting right.

5. CONCERN FOR COMMUNITY

A co-operative doing business for the benefit of its members. At the same time, it also has a social
objective. It works for the development of economically weaker sections of the society.

6. SERVIVE MOTIVE

Co-operatives are business organisations but the main objective is to render all services required by
its members.

7. EQUITY AND EQUALITY

Co-operatives distributes its benefits in an equitable way and it ensures equality among all the
members.
OBJECTIVES OF CO-OPERATION
A co-operative does business for social, economic and cultural objectives.

I. SOCIAL OBJECTIVE
1) DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL OBJECTIVE

co-operatives do business for the sustainable development of the society. They achieve their
objective by eliminating all social inequalities.

2) ELIMINATE EXPLOITATIONS

It enables members to get rid of all kind of exploitations social, economic and cultural. It
aims at a community without exploitation.

3) DEVELOP SELF HELP

The main objective of a co-operative is to develop self-help among the members of the
society.

4) INCREASE LIVING STANDARDS

Co-operatives uplift their members to high living standards so as to attain them a social
dignity.

II. ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES

1. INCREASE INCOME

All the services of a co-operative aim at the increase of the income of its members. The
increasing income empowers them to lead a healthy life.

2. ABOLISH ECONOMIC INEQUALITY

Equality is the main objective of co-operation. Its aim is to end the concept of the haves and
have notes.

3. ELIMINATE MIDDLEMEN FROM BUSINESS

Middlemen ion the field of business exploit both producers and customers. Co-operatives
try to link producers to customers to get maximum benefit for both.
 4. UPLIFT ECONOMICALLY WEAKER SECTIONS

Co-operatives enables the economically weaker sections of the society to enter the
mainstream of the society.

5. END CAPITALIST SYSTEM

In a capitalist system capital is the master and all other means of the productions are
servants. A capitalist exploit all other men in the society for their individual profits. Co-
operatives try to end capitalist system and replace equality.

6. INCREASE WEALTH OF THE SOCIETY

Overall wealth of the society will get increased by the working of co-operatives because it
creates income, generating assets in the society.

III. MORAL OBJECTIVES

The following are the moral objectives derived out of a co-operative form.

1) CO-OPERATIVE EDUCATION

The development of co-operation is based on co-operative education. Enlightened

members are the real capital of co-operative concern. This education helps them to think
collectively.

2) PROMOTES ETHICAL VALUES

Co-operation is self-help made effective by mutual help. So the spirit of co-operation

guides people to help others.

3) PROMOTES ETHICAL VALUES

The system of co-operation contains some ethical values like self-reliance, honesty,
openness, equality, solidarity, etc. so it educates people about true values in life.
 BENEFITS OF CO-OPERATION
Co-operation is used as an effective instrument for eliminating the inequalities and
disparities in the distribution of wealth. In many countries it has now been accepted as a tool
for sustainable development. Co-operation has identified as amid way between the two
extremes of capitalism and socialism. The main benefits of co-operation as a socio
economic movement are narrated below.

1. All factors of production are used in its optimum.

2. Regular gains and returns from the assets created.
3. It adopts a unique method to distribute the surplus.
4. Eliminates all kinds of exploitations.
5. Factors of production are kept in joint ownership.
6. Wealth is being evenly distributed evenly to benefit all sections of populations.
7. Ensures prosperity and peace among the people.
8. Develops good and healthy relationship between all sections of people.
9. Ensures economic and social balance.
10. It acts as aa balancing factor in all economic activities.
11. It ensures a social order and morality in human life.
12. It gives much importance to education.
13. Enlightenment of people acts as a pre requisite for the success of the movement.
14. It nourishes ethical values in human life.
15. It lays emphasis on material welfare of people especially the poor.
MERITS OF CO-OPERATION

THE IMPORTANT MERITS OF CO-OPERATION ARE SUMMARISED AS FOLLOWS;

1. The development of science and technology by co-operative movements have brought a

new phase in human life.
2. Co-operative principles help us to distinguish co-operatives from other business
organisations.
3. Co-operatives builds a sense of togetherness among the members, thus they don’t feel alone
in what they contribute to the society, as a co-operative member are all working to achieve
common objectives.
4. Co-operative protects the poor from the society by helping the poor to gain self-reliance.
5. A co-operative society is free from racial, religious, and political; disparities and unites
people under a common fold.
INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATIVE ALLAINCE (ICA)

ICA refers to international co-operative alliance. It is a worldwide confederation of co-operative

organisations. It was founded by the international co-operative congress held at London in 1895.
The head office of the ICA was in London till 1982 and now the head office is at Geneva. It has
203 affiliated bodies in about 82 countries. The main source of income of the ICA is contribution
from its members. Grants are received from different agencies and through member organisations.
The administration of the ICA is carried out by the following bodies: -

1) General Assembly – consists of delegates from affiliated organisations. One country can
send a maximum of 20 persons. A president and two vice-presidents and an Executive
Committee is elected.
2) Executive committee – It exercise general control over the affairs.
3) The director – The secretariat headed by a director.
4) General Secretary – Is the representative of member organisations.

ICA HAS FOUR REGIONAL OFFICES: -

a) Asia and pacific regions.

b) West Africa.
c) East Central and South Africa.
d) Central America.
ICA PRINCIPLES

1. VOLUNTARY AND OPEN MEMBERSHIP

Voluntary and open membership means there is free entry as co-operators. People must be
given chances to study and understand co-operative aims and objectives and they must be
allowed to participate in the working of the society with as free mind.

2. DEMOCRATIC MEMBER CONTROL

Members have democratic rights as well as democratic responsibilities. This is the real spirit
of democracy that should be in the minds of co-operators. The control is through a
democratic way so as to avoid one man’s rule. It should not be politically motivated.

3. MEMBER ECONOMIC PARTICIPATION

Members should contribute to the capital equitably and should receive only small returns.
Capital should not be the commanding factor. It is only a servicing factor.

4. EDUCATION, TRAINING AND INFORMATION

The Rochdale principles upheld the promotion of general education of members. The ICA
emphasised that members, elected representatives and employees should be aware of the co-
operative in thought and action. They should be given training at selected centres to make
sure that they are capable of discharging their duties and responsibilities.

5. AUTONOMY AND INDEPENDENCE

In almost all countries, co-operative societies are registered and governed according to co-
operative laws and legislations. Co- operatives are function within this legal framework thus
government may be helpful or harmful to the societies. The new millennium societies
should be vigilant to keep up their autonomous nature. Hey must be free from all ties and
tags
6. CONCERN FOR COMMUNITY

The primary function of a co-operative society is to protect the interests of its members
residing in a limited area. Secondly they should associate with the welfare of the community
as a whole in a specified area. Environmental protection is also necessary for the interest of
the community.

The Rochdale pioneers pointed out certain ethical values of honesty, openness, social
responsibility, and caring for others. The co-operative principles upheld their values for
successful practice of co-operation. These values aim at giving moral benefits to the people
and the members will be socially better.

7. CO-OPERATION AMONG CO-OPERATIVES

This principle is to strengthen the co-operative movement. A country wide network should
be designed for mutual help and service between all co-operative societies. Co-operative
societies should enter into joint ventures to protect the interests of its members. A strong co-
operative movement can save ‘sick units’.
 TYPES OF CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN INDIA

I. CREDIT CO-OPERATIVES

Credit co-operative movement in India has started in the year 1904 and in the most of the
states two types of credit co-operatives. They are (A) Agricultural credit and (B) Non-
agricultural credit.

A. AGRICULTURAL CREDIT CO-OPERATIVES

Co-operative agricultural credit structure in India is divided into two categories (1)
short term / medium term co-operative credit societies and (2) long term co-operative credit
societies.

1. SHORT TERM/MEDIUM TERM CREDIT CO-OPERATIVES

In most of the states the short term / medium term co-operative has a three tie system-
(a) state co-operative banks (b) central co-operative banks and (c) primary agricultural
credit societies. But in some states, it has a two tier system. (1) state co-operative banks
and (2) primary credit societies only.

2. LONG TERM CO-OPERATIVE CREDIT SOCIETIES

Long term co-operative credit societies have two tier system, in the state. State co-
operative agricultural and rural development bank at state level and primary co-
operative agricultural and rural development bank at primary level.

B. NON-AGRICULTURAL CREDIT CO-OPERATIVES

Mainly there are four types of non-agricultural credit societies at national level: -

1. Employees credit societies.

2. Housing co-operative societies.
3. Urban co-operative banks.
4. Industrial credit societies
 II. NON-CREDIT CO-OPERATIVES

The main objectives of these societies are non-credit activities. The most important
types of non-credit co-operatives are the following;

1. Marketing co-operatives.
2. Consumer co-operatives.
3. Producer co-operatives.
4. Dairy co-operatives.
5. Processing co-operatives.
6. Workers co-operatives.
7. Farming co-operatives.
8. Miscellaneous type co-operatives.

TYPES OF CO-OPERATIVES IN KERALA

I. CREDIT SOCIETIES
A. Short term/medium term
1) Apex

Kerala state co-operative bank limited.

2) Central

District co-operative banks.

3) Primary
a) Primary agricultural credit societies, regional banks, rural banks. Farmers service
co-operative banks, urban co-operative banks.
b) Employees credit societies/ unlicensed urban co-operative banks, agricultural
improvement societies.
B. Long term
1) Apex

Kerala state co-operative agricultural and rural development bank limited.

2) Primary

Primary co-operative agricultural and rural development bank.

C. Housing societies
1) Apex

Kerala state co-operative housing federation.

2) Primaries
a) Co-operative building society

These are based on individual ownership.

b) Co-operative house building society

The assistance for construction of houses in accordance with the approved type
designs, is provided by the society. In the former type member themselves
construct the houses. In the latter type the society builds on behalf of the
members.

c) Co-operative house construction societies

These societies acquire land, construct houses and allot them to members on hire
purchase system.

d) Tenancy housing society

The society own site, construct houses according to the type and designs and
rents out to the members. The relationship between the society and the members
is that of a house owner and tenant.

e) Other housing society

House mortgage bank. Such societies advance loan for repair, remodelling of old
houses, on the security of the houses and other landed property.
II.
A) Marketing societies
1) Apex

Kerala state co-operative marketing federation, Kerala state co-operative rubber marketing
federation.

2) Primary

All co-operative marketing societies at primary level.

B) Processing societies
1) Agricultural processing societies
1. Primary

Societies which process agricultural produce like co-operative sugar factories, tea
factories, tapioca processing units, oil crushing, paddy halting societies and coffee
curing.

2. Apex

Kerala kera karshaka sahakarana federation(KERAFED).

2) INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING SOCIETIES

1. Apex

Kerala state co-operative textile federations(TEXTED), Kerala state cashew worker’s apex
industrial co-operative society limited(CAPEX), Kerala state sericulture co-operative
federation(SERIFED).

2. PRIMARY

Co-operative spinning mills, tanner’s society, fish curing society.

Primary cashew worker’s industrial co-operative societies, primary sericulture co-operative

societies.

3. Other processing societies

Ayurveda co-operative societies.

 C. Agra industrial societies federal societies

Regional agro industrial development co-operative of Kerala ltd. Kerala state rubber
co-operative limited.

3) CONSUMER SOCIETIES
1. Apex

Kerala state co-operative consumer federation.

2. Central

District wholesales consumer stores.

4) FARMING SOCIETIES
1. Better farming societies

Such a society purchase materials in bulk and provides societies improved method of
cultivation among the members without pooling their land and resources.

2. Joint farming societies

In this type the members of society pool their land and resources and carry on
cultivation jointly under the auspices of the society. The profit is divided among
themselves after meeting the cost of the cultivation and other expenses of the society, in
proportion to the extent of land held by each.

3. Tenant farming society

Such society acquires or owns the land for cultivation. It parcels out the land in
convenient economics units to the members for their independent cultivation, fixing a
rent. The relationship between the society and the members is that of a land owner and
tenants.

4. Collective farming societies

In this type the whole lands are owned and held by the society. The cultivation is carried
on in the land by the societies employing the members. The profits of the society are
distributed among members in proportion to the work done by them.
5) PRODUCERS SOCIETY
1. Apex

Kerala state handloom weaver’s co-operative society(HANTEX), Kerala state handicraft

apex co-operative society.

Kerala state co-operative coir marketing federation(COIRFED), Kerala state co-

operative federation for fisheries development(MATSYAFED), Kerala co-operative
milk marketing federation(MILMA)

2. Central

Central coir marketing society, regional milk producer’s union.

3. Primary

Weavers society, carpenter’s societies, societies for black smiths, pottery societies, coir
societies, mat weaving societies, forest labourers societies, cattle breeding societies,
poultry societies, piggery societies, dairy societies, fisheries societies.

6) HOSPITAL SOCIETIES
1. Apex

Kerala co-operative hospital federation.

2. Primary

Primary hospital/dispensary societies (allopathy, Ayurvedic, homeo, unani, etc…)

7) SC/ST SOCIETIES
1. Apex

Kerala state federation of SC/ST Development co-operative.

2. Primary

SC/ST SOCIETIES

8) EDUCATIONAL CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES

9) LABOUR CONTRACT CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES
10) VANITHA CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES

11) MISCELLANEOUS SOCIETIES

1. Social welfare societies

Better living societies, literary societies, and welfare societies

2. Commercial societies

Insurance, motor and auto rickshaw societies, media, video, visual and film societies,
co-operative printing press and workshop, etc…

3. Others
I. Not falling in either of the above sub classes
II. Lift immigration societies
III. Producers-cum-consumers societies.