ID : pk-5-International+Kangaroo+M athem atics+C ontest-Benjam in+Level [1]

Grade 5
International Kangaroo Mathematics Contest-Benjamin
Level
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Choose correct answer(s) from the given choices

(1) Which of the following statements is true.

Statement 1: All squares are rectangles.
Statement 2: All rectangles are squares.
a. Statements 1 and 2 b. Only statement 2
c. Only statement 1 d. None of these

(2) What is the minimum number of line segments required to make letter F ?
a. 3 b. 4
c. 5 d. 2

Fill in the blanks

(3) There are triangles in the figure shown below.

(4) + = 3 kg

+ = 6 kg

+ + + + + + + = 14 kg

Weight of one = kg.

(5) There are 7 blue, 9 pink, 11 yellow, 12 white and 14 orange balls in a bag. The least number of
balls one has to choose randomly from the box to ensure at least 10 balls of the same color is

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 ID : pk-5-International+Kangaroo+M athem atics+C ontest-Benjam in+Level [2]

(6) Sajid roughly estimates product 49 × 803 as follows,

- He rounded off each number to the nearest ten.
- Then he multiplied the numbers.

His estimate is ?

4
1
(7) 500% of ( ) = . (Use decimal numbers upto 3 decimal places).
2

Answer the questions

(8) A mouse takes 3 rounds of the field shown in the picture.

40 m

40 m

The number expression given below shows the distance covered by the mouse.
3 × P = Q m = R km
Find the value of P, Q and R where P is the perimeter of the field, Q is the total distance traveled by
the mouse in meters and R is the total distance traveled by the mouse in kilometers.

(9) A box contains 5 purple balls and n red balls. Each of the ball is marked with a distinct integer
between 1 and 120 inclusive. The sum of the numbers on two balls is the value of that pair of balls.
What is the least number of red balls in the box such that at least two pairs, consisting of one red
and one purple ball, have the same value?

(10) Arif buys 2450 kilograms of onions from a farm at a price of 9.4 per kg. However, during his travel
to the market he finds 6% of the onions have spoiled. If he now sells each kilogram of onions at
11.8. Find his profit percentage.

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 ID : pk-5-International+Kangaroo+M athem atics+C ontest-Benjam in+Level [3]

Solutions
(1) c. Only statement 1

Step 1
In a rectangle all the angles are right angles and the opposite sides are equal while in a square all
the angles are right angles and all the sides are equal.

Step 2
So, we can say that a square is a rectangle as a square satisfies all the properties of a rectangle i.e.
opposite sides of a square are equal and all the angles are right angles.

Step 3
But a rectangle is not a square as it does not satisfy all the properties of a square i.e. all sides of a
rectangle are not equal.

Step 4
So, option c. is the correct answer as statement 1 is correct.

(2) a. 3

Step 1
We have been asked to find the minimum number of line segments required to make the letter
F.

Step 2
If we look at the letter F, we will notice that the letter F can be formed by 3 line segments.

Step 3
Therefore, the minimum number of line segments required to make letter F are 3.

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 ID : pk-5-International+Kangaroo+M athem atics+C ontest-Benjam in+Level [4]

(3) 19

We can count the triangles one by one with the help of the following figures. 19 triangles in the
given figure.

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 ID : pk-5-International+Kangaroo+M athem atics+C ontest-Benjam in+Level [5]

(4)
1

Step 1
The first addition statement is:

+ = 3 kg

This statement means that whenever we see the above two vegetables together, we can write
3 kg in place of them.

Step 2
The second addition statement is:

+ = 6 kg

This statement means that whenever we see the above two vegetables together, we can write
6 kg in place of them.

Step 3
The third addition statement is:

+ + + + + + + = 14 kg

There are many vegetables in the above statement. Let us try to decrease the number of
vegetables in it by replacing them with their weights from steps 1 and 2:

1. Remove one and one from the above statement and use the number 6

kg in its place (Using the addition statement in step 2). The above statement becomes:

6+ + + + + + = 14 kg

2. Remove one and one from the above statement and use the number 3 kg

in its place (Using the addition statement in step 1). The above statement becomes 3 +

6+ + + + = 14 kg

3. Remove one and one from the above statement and use the number 3 kg

in its place (Using the addition statement in step 1). The above statement becomes 3 +

3+6+ + = 14 kg

Now we are left with only one vegetable in the above statement. From here, we can find its
weight.

Step 4
The statement we arrived at in step 3 can be written as:
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 ID : pk-5-International+Kangaroo+M athem atics+C ontest-Benjam in+Level [6]

12 + + = 14 kg

We know the sum (14 kg) and one addend (12). The other addend can be found by
subtracting the known addend from the sum:
Unknown addend = Sum − Known addend

+ = 14 − 12 = 2 kg

Step 5

Weight of 2 = 2 kg

Weight of one will be:

2
= 1 kg
2

Step 6

Hence, the weight of one is 1 kg.

(5) 44

Step 1
Here the number of balls of each color is different and the number of blue and pink balls is
less than 10.

Step 2
In the worst case scenario, one can choose 7 blue, 9 pink, 9 yellow, 9 white and 9 orange
balls.
Now there are only 2 yellow, 3 white, and 5 orange balls in the bag.
By the pigeonhole principle, if one more ball is chosen from the bag, there will be 10 ball of at
least one color.
Therefore to ensure at least 10 balls of the same color, one needs to draw at least
7 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 1 = 44 balls.

Step 3
Hence, the least number of balls one has to choose randomly from the box to ensure at least
10 balls of the same color is 44.

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 ID : pk-5-International+Kangaroo+M athem atics+C ontest-Benjam in+Level [7]

(6) 40000

Step 1
Rounding off 49 and 803 individually to their nearest tens gives us 50 and 800 respectively.

Step 2
Multiplying the numbers, we get 50 × 800 = 40000

Step 3
Hence, the product estimated by Sajid is 40000.

(7) 0.312

Step 1
4
1
First of all let us find the cube of ( ) .
2

4
1 1
( ) =
2 16

Step 2
1
Now, let us find 500 percent of .
16

1 500 1
500% of  = ×
16 100 16

1
= 5 ×
16

= 0.312

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 ID : pk-5-International+Kangaroo+M athem atics+C ontest-Benjam in+Level [8]

(8) P = 160 m, Q = 480 m, R = 0.48 km

Step 1
The mouse takes 3 rounds of the field, which means it covers 3 times the perimeter of the
field. So, we will have to find the perimeter first.

Step 2
The perimeter of the field is equal to sum of its sides. So, Perimeter = 40 m + 40 m + 40 m +
40 m = 160 m.
Hence, P = 160 m

Step 3
We are given that Q = 3 × P, or Q = 3 × 160 m = 480 m

Step 4
Also, given that R = Q in kilometers, and Q = 480 m.
Since, 1 km = 1000 m, or 1 m = 0.001 km, we can say that 480 m = 0.48 km, which is the
required value of R.

(9) 48

Step 1
Given, each ball is marked with a distinct integer between 1 and 120. Therefore, the smallest
value of the pair of balls is 3 and the largest value is 239.
⟹ There are 237 possible sums for any pair of balls.

Step 2
Number of purple balls = 5

Number of red balls = n

There will be 5 × n values of pairs of balls, consisting of one red and one purple ball because
each ball has a different number.

Step 3
By the pigeonhole principle, the value of 5 × n needs to be more than 237 to ensure at least
two of the pairs have the same value.
⟹ 5 × n > 237

⟹ n > 47.4

Therefore, the least value of n satisfying the given condition is 48.

Step 4
Hence, the least number of red balls in the box such that at least two pairs have the same
value is 48.

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 ID : pk-5-International+Kangaroo+M athem atics+C ontest-Benjam in+Level [9]

(10) 18%

Step 1
Arif buys 2450 kg of onions, out of which 6% onions got spoiled. The amount of onions that
6
got spoiled will be equal to 6% of 2450, or × 2450 = 147 kg.
100

Step 2
The amount of onions left with him will be 2450 kg − 147 kg = 2303 kg.

Step 3
He then sells each kg for 11.8, which means his total selling price will be equal to 11.8 ×
2303 = 27175.4.

Step 4
His total cost price was 9.4 × 2450 = 23030.
His total profit = Total selling price − Total cost price = 27175.4 − 23030 = 4145.4.

Step 5
The profit percentage can be calculated as:
Profit 4145.4
× 100% = × 100% = 18%.
Cost Price 23030

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