i

REPORT ON THE
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
OF PAKISTAN
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Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION:................................................................................................................................................................1
2 Definition of Education:.....................................................................................................................................................3
3 Stages of formal education:..............................................................................................................................................4
3.1 Primary education.....................................................................................................................................................4
3.2 Universities Education (Classes XV onwards):................................................................................................................4
4  Literacy Rate.................................................................................................................................................................. 5
5 Illiteracy Rate in Pakistan:..............................................................................................................................................5
6 Lack of quality teachers....................................................................................................................................................5
7 System of Examination....................................................................................................................................................5
8 Low budgetary allocation for..........................................................................................................................................6
8.1 Corruption....................................................................................................................................................................6
8.2 Lack of resources...........................................................................................................................................................7
9.0 Questionnaire..............................................................................................................................................................7
9.1 Class Activities..............................................................................................................................................................8
10 CONCLUSION:................................................................................................................................................................11
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Table of figure
1 figure 1.............................................................................................................................................................................. 2
2 figure 1.2...........................................................................................................................................................................3
3 figure 1.3:.........................................................................................................................................................................3
3.1 figure 8.1......................................................................................................................................................................... 4
3.2 figure 9.1........................................................................................................................................................................ 4
4 figure 9.2......................................................................................................................................................................... 4

Table of table
1 table 9.0............................................................................................................................................................................ 2
2 table 9.1............................................................................................................................................................................ 3

Table of equation
Equation 1........................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Equation 2........................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Equation 3........................................................................................................................................................................... 13
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1 INTRODUCTION:
Education is the road to national development. It creates sense of responsibility among the people. On the basis of
education people not only realize their duties but also know how to achieve their national, societal and individual rights.
One of the goals of education is to enable the people by enhancing their general consciousness regarding their national
and international position as global citizens. This realization creates an atmosphere of trust and cooperation in the
society.

Figure 1

Today Pakistan is faced with many problems such as poverty, insecurity, sectarianism and terrorism. The reasons for
these problems are lack of tolerance, lack of general awareness and illiteracy promoted by an ineffective education
system. The vital role of education has been neglected in Pakistan which has led to low development in all fields of life.
Education has been treated like a step child. The lowest budget has been awarded to the system of education since the
establishment of Pakistan which has weakened the foundation of the quality in the education system. The education
system, hence, has failed to raise

the nation economically, politically and socially.

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Finger 1.2

The problems associated with the education system of Pakistan are lack of adequate budget, lack of policy
implementation, defective examination system, poor physical facilities, lack of teacher quality, lack of implementation of
education policies, directionless education, low enrollment, high scale dropouts, political interference, outdated
curriculum, corruption, poor management and supervision, lack of research, and lack of uniformity . The above
mentioned problems could be solved by formulation of rational policies and plan and by ensuring proper
implementation of the policies. Education is a nourishing force. It is the constructive factor for any society. Education
enables people to work for their development and growth. Hence education brings out the hidden potentialities of
individuals and develops them

Figure 1.3
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PHD 3 year

Master 2
year

Technical General Professional

education Education Education

Higher Education

High and Middle

Primary
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2 Definition of Education:
The definition of education in common usage, that education is merely the delivery of knowledge, skills and information
from teachers to students, is inadequate to capture what is really important about being and becoming educated. The
proper definition of education is the process of becoming an educated person. Being an educated person means you
have access to optimal states of mind regardless of the situation you are in. Importance of Education

”EDUCATION IS A MATTER OF LIFE AND DEATH FOR PAKISTAN. THE WORLD IS PROGRESSING SO RAPIDLY THAT
WITHOUT REQUISITE ADVANCE IN EDUCATION, NOT ONLY SHALL WE LAG BEHIND OTHERS BUT MAY BE
WIPED OUT ALTOGETHER”. (QUAID E AZAM MUHAMMAD ALI JINNAH)

3 Stages of formal education:

The education in Pakistan is generally divided into five levels: primary (grades one through five);middle(grades six
through eight);high(grades nine and ten, leading to the Secondary School Certificate SSC);intermediate(grades eleven
and twelve, leading to a Higher Secondary (School) Certificate HSC); and university programs leading to graduate and
advanced degrees.

3.1 Primary education:

According to UNESCO only 63% of Pakistani children finish primary school education. Furthermore, 68% of Pakistani boys
and 72% of Pakistani girls reach grade 5. The standard national system of education is mainly inspired from the British
system. Pre-school education is designed for 3-5 years old. After pre-school education, students go through junior school
from grades 1 to 4. This is preceded by middle school from grades 5 to 8. The two commonly used indicators for
measuring changes in primary and middle schooling are the Gross Enrolment Rate Secondary Education: Secondary
education in Pakistan begins from grade 9 and lasts for four years. After end of each of the four school years, students
are required to pass a national examination administered by a regional Board of Intermediate and Secondary
Education .Education intermediate indicators include functional public schools, basic facilities in public schools, posts
filled against sanctioned strength in public schools and percentage of trained teachers in these schools.

3.2 Universities Education (Classes XV onwards):

In order to boost-up higher education many new universities have been established during the year 2009-10 making the
total number to 132 universities with 50,825 Teachers in both Private and Public Sectors

4  Literacy Rate
: Adult literacy programs are meant for illiterate adults, and are primarily limited to training in basic skills of Reading,
Writing and Numeracy. These programmers also promote personal development at the individual level, as well as
bringing about empowerment and social change.

5 Illiteracy Rate in Pakistan:

According to latest report of UN education department UNESCO, the illiteracy percentage was 79 percent in Pakistan in
2012 and the number of Pakistan was 180 in the list of 221 in big or small countries in the world. The illiteracy
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percentage was 72 percent in the youth age 15 to 24 years, 57 percent in the aged 25 to 44 youths, 46 percentage in 45
to 54 years and 38 percent in the people aged 55 to 64 years in the year 2012, it said.

6 Lack of quality teachers

Teacher is the backbone of education system. The quality of teachers in Pakistani schools is deplorable. According to a
UNESCO report, the quality of the teachers and instruction in schools is of low quality. This situation is grimmer in
remote parts of Punjab, Sindh and Baluchistan where even there are no teachers available in schools. Research has
found that teachers do not use new methods and strategies of teaching and learning .Majority of the teachers do not
know about lesson planning which renders them incapable of dealing with various problems in the process of teaching
and learning. Teachers encourage cramming of the materials by students. Students do not know the use of libraries in
educational institutions. Thus the reading habits are decreasing among the students. Teachers are highly responsible for
all this mess. It is their professional responsibility to guide the students towards book reading. Teachers rely on lecture
methods which do provide an opportunity to students to participate in the process of education as active member. They
only note does the information and memorize this just to pass the examination. Thus students are evaluated on the
basis of memorization of facts and information rather than performance.

7 percentage of Pakistani literacy rate

Data
Total population = 224688219

Literate people = 122699120

Total literacy rate ?

Solution
= Literate people / total population × 1000

Total literacy rate of Pakistan is = 54%

8 Low budgetary allocation for

education Finance is considered the engine of any system. The education system of Pakistan has been crippled mainly
due to scarce finance. The successive governments have been giving less than 2.5 percent budget to the education
sector which is not sufficient for the growing educational needs of the nation in the present changing times.

8.1 Government expenditure on education 2015 to 2021

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Figure 8.1

5%

4%

3%

1%

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

8.1 Corruption
Among other causes, corruption is the main contributing factor which has deeply affected the education system of
Pakistan [8]. There is a weak system of check and balances and accountability which has encouraged many criminal
elements to misappropriate funds, use of authority illegally and giving unnecessary favors in allocation of funds,
transfers, promotions and decision making. According to Transparency International, Pakistan is included in the list of
the most corrupt countries of the world .Due to low salaries, teachers in search of decent life standards and to keep
their body and soul together attempt to unfair means in the examination and matters relating to certificates, degrees
and so on.

8.2 Lack of resources

Education resources such as books, libraries and physical facilities are important for smooth running of educational
process. There are despairingly no facilities of books, libraries and reading materials in all educational institutions of the
country. Besides, there are overcrowded classrooms, inadequate teachers and ill-equipped laboratories. This entire grim
situation has resulted in a despair and low standard education system .

9.0 Questionnaire
I am a student of BSCH and want some of your accomplish the goal of the survey
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Evaluation key Agree Disagree

Student brain are limited to

receiving storing knowledge.
Coating center are money
making center
Implementation of concuptional
study should be promoted
In students life nearly every
student face finical crisis
Government should think about
traffic problem of the student
A lot of communication bap
between students and teachers

9.1 Class Activities

Information collection will be use for educational propose only :
Name
………………..

Qno1 #) in your opinion what is the most important handle in the improment of the literacy rate?
Ans ………..
Qno2#) Teacher are not being proply trained by Government which lead to lack of quality?
Ans ………..
Qno3#) Free education will be most important to boost for latrcy? Do you agree are not .
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Ans …………..

9.2 Pakistan Educational grading scale

Table

Grade Description wes conversation

1 Excellent A
2 Very Good
3 Good B
4 Poor C
5 Fail F

9.3 General discrimination

Pakistan is the second largest Muslim country of the world and the number of muslims there country 11
percent of the world Muslim population.
A major portion of the Pakistani society is not welcoming for girls. Who want to attain school even those who
are enroll in school can not attain them in regular base .

54% women can not read and write

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Figure 9.1

64 % of women

64% women of every Provence are laterite since 2010 to update in Pakistan

Figure 1
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8
0

7
0
6
0

5
0
4
0
3
0

2
0
Strong agree agree disagree strong disagree

1
0
0
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10 CONCLUSION:
This paper concludes that education develops people in all domains of life such as social, moral, spiritual, political and
economic. It is a dynamic force which enables every nation to achieve its overall national goals. It is an established fact
that countries that have developed a sound system of education have a sound social and political system. With effective
educational systems many countries are playing a leadership role in the comity of nations. They are enjoying their
liberties and also are politically and economically free and developed. The education system of Pakistan has not been
able to play its role effectively in nation building. This factor has contributed towards development of frustration among
the Pakistani society. The future generation of Pakistan is directionless due to defective education sy9stem which has
drastically failed to raise the nation on sound economic, social, political and moral ground

equation

Equation 1
n
( x +a ) =∑ n x k an−k
n

k=0 k
()
Equation 2

( )
∞
nπx nπx
f ( x )=a0 + ∑ an cos +b n sin
n=1 L L

Equation 3
2
n ( n−1 ) x
( 1+ x )n=1+ nx + +…
1! 2!

Recommendation

 Technically education should be made a part of secondary education

 Providing economic incentives of the students may encourage the parents
 Local government school is helpful in promoting education
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 Corruption in the education department is one of the factor for the poor literacy in the country
 Unemployment of educated men and women is a major concern for Pakistan.
 Counselling of parents is required, so that they can choose a career for their child which is market
friendly

There are two approaches to acquiring education: First, which is being followed by many in Pakistan is to
get education to earn bread and butter. The second approach is to get education for the sake of personal
development and learning. This approach is followed by affluent and economically stable people who send
their children to private schools and abroad for education. The problem arises when non-affluent families
send their children to private schools, and universities. This aspiration for sending children for higher
education is wrong, because the country does not need managers and officers only. There are several other
jobs where people are needed. Hence the mind-set of sending one’s children to university only for
becoming officers and managers needs to be changed.