GEPE 211 - People and the Earth's Ecosystem

Chapter 2 - Population
PREPARED BY ARLMARIE KRISTIN B. VASQUEZ, SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES INSTRUCTOR
REFERENCE: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BY BERMUDEZ, CABILING, JR., SAN PEDRO, AND ZHANG, 2017

"Too many people means too much

consumption, depletion, and/or
pollution and this threatens the
carrying capacity of a naturally
resource-limited collection of global
ecologies."
Population Growth

An increase in the number of people that reside in a

country, state, or city.
Population Growth

More people means:

• More forests removed
• More resources consumed
• More pollution

Pros and Cons of Population Growth

Positive e ects
1. Defense
2. Increase in Labor Market
3. Large Market
ff

Pros and Cons of Population Growth

Negative e ects
1. Poverty
2. Unemployment and Under Utilization of Labor
3. Social problems
4. Decrease in Standard of Living

ff

Pros and Cons of Population Growth

Negative e ects
5. Increase in government expenses
6. Shortage of food
7. Di culty in educating the children
ffi
ff

Strategies to Lessen Population Growth

1. Maintain human population to numbers that are

sustainable.
2. Provide universal access to family planning services.
3. Empowering women.
4. O er age-appropriate sex education for all students.
ff

Strategies to Lessen Population Growth

5. Incorporate topics on population, environment and

development into school programs.
6. Persuade government leaders to entrust to
stabilizing population growth.
7. Reforming tax laws.
8. Family planning

Population - What's the Problem?

FOOD

MINERALS
SPACE AND ENERGY
SUPPLY

POPULATION
CONCERNS
A nation's capacity to nourish itself depends on:

1. Availability of arable land

2. Accessible water
3. Population pressures

Overpopulation

It occurs when there are more people living in an area

than there are resources to support them.
Cycle of Overpopulation
LOW STANDARD OF
LIVING
OVERCROWDING
POVERTY
AND TOO MANY
PEOPLE DEPLETION OF
HUNGER AND NATURAL
MALNUTRITION RESOURCES

more people = more resources consumed

GEPE 211 - People and the Earth's Ecosystem

Chapter 2 - Population (Part II)

PREPARED BY ARLMARIE KRISTIN B. VASQUEZ, SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES INSTRUCTOR
REFERENCE: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BY BERMUDEZ, CABILING, JR., SAN PEDRO, AND ZHANG, 2017

We could regulate and control our own

population by choice.
Church vs. State - Competing Stands on Population in the Philippines

As parents here are the following checklists to ponder

on:
1. Are we capable of giving our children good life?
2. Can we feed them at least three times a day?
3. Can we send them to school?

Church vs. State - Competing Stands on Population in the Philippines

As parents here are the following checklists to ponder

on:
4. Can we provide them the essentials of good living?
5. Do we have the time to take good care of them?

CBCP
Stand

CBCP
Objections

Government
Stand


Debate
Topic: RH Law
1. Affirmative
2. Negative

GEPE 211 - People and the Earth's Ecosystem

Chapter 3 - Food
PREPARED BY ARLMARIE KRISTIN B. VASQUEZ, SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES INSTRUCTOR
REFERENCE: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BY BERMUDEZ, CABILING, JR., SAN PEDRO, AND ZHANG, 2017

"Food is our common ground, a

universal experience."

James Beard
"The food you eat can be either the
safest and the most powerful form of
medicine or the slowest form of poison."

Ann Wigmore
"No single food will make or break good
health but the kinds of food you choose
day in and day out have a major impact."

Walter Willet
Food Security

It is described as having enough food to eat and

ensuring people are well-fed.
Impediments for Providing Enough Food for Everyone

1. Price of food
2. Corruption
3. Disputes, con icts, wars
4. Destructive environmental consequences of food
production

fl

Sources of Food

1. Croplands
2. Rangelands, pastures
3. Fisheries and aquaculture

Croplands
Six Categories of Crops

1. Food
2. Feed
3. Fiber
4. Oil
5. Ornamental
6. Industrial

Rangelands
Pastures
Fisheries and Aquaculture
Environmental Problems Arising from Food Production

1. Future food production may be limited

2. Water and air pollution
3. Climate change

Organic Agriculture as an Element of Sustainable Agriculture

Bene ts of organic food:

1. Prevents premature aging
2. Boosts immune system
3. Ensures safe and healthy world
4. Tastes better
fi

Organic Agriculture as an Element of Sustainable Agriculture

Bene ts of organic food:

5. Reduces the risk of heart diseases
6. Promotes animal welfare
7. Prevents cancer
8. Reduces the presence of pesticides
fi

Probable Contaminants in Food

1. Microbes and microbial toxins

2. Chemicals

Impacts of Food Contaminants

1. Sickness and fatality

2. Economic consequences
3. Panic
4. Loss of trust and con dence
5. Disruption of food supply

fi

Adverse Effects of Food Manufacturing Technologies on the

Environment

Packaging
GEPE 211 - People and the Earth's Ecosystem

Chapter 4 -Energy
PREPARED BY ARLMARIE KRISTIN B. VASQUEZ, SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES INSTRUCTOR
REFERENCE: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BY BERMUDEZ, CABILING, JR., SAN PEDRO, AND ZHANG, 2017

"It is time for a sustainable energy policy

which puts consumers, the environment,
human health, and peace first."

Dennis Kucinich
Energy

It is the channel to stimulate and promote

agricultural, industrial, commercial, transportation,
and further power-generated activities.
Categories of Energy

CONVENTIONAL
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
ENERGY SOURCES
SOURCES
(NON-RENEWABLE
(RENEWABLE ENERGY)
ENERGY)
Although energy generated from natural
resources are said to be renewable, it does
not mean that they will forever provide us
the energy needed to sustain life.

Global Warming

It is a situation in which the temperature of the Earth's

atmosphere and the oceans are continuously rising.
What are the causes of
global warming?
Waste Disposal
How do you feel when you
see people recklessly
throwing garbage
everywhere?
Are you one of those who do
not practice proper waste
management disposal?
Assessment 2

1. Environmental/Health E ects of Poor Waste

Management Disposal
2. Economic e ects of Poor Waste Management
Disposal
3. Environmental E ects of Illegal Logging
4. Economic E ects of Illegal Logging

ff
ff
ff

ff

Assessment 2

5. Environmental e ects of illegal dynamite shing

6. Economic e ects of illegal dynamite shing
7. Environmental e ects on the use of fertilizers.
pesticides, and insecticides
8. Economic e ects on the use of fertilizers, pesticides,
and insecticides
ff
ff

ff
ff

fi
fi

Assessment 2

9. Environmental e ects of smoke belching

10. Economic/health e ects of smoke belching

ff
ff

GEPE 211 - People and the Earth's Ecosystem

Chapter 4 -Energy (Part 2)

PREPARED BY ARLMARIE KRISTIN B. VASQUEZ, SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES INSTRUCTOR
REFERENCE: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BY BERMUDEZ, CABILING, JR., SAN PEDRO, AND ZHANG, 2017

"If you really think the environment is

less important than the economy, try
holding your breath while you count
your money."
Dr. Guy McPherson
Renewable Energy
Solar Energy
Hydro Power
Wind Power
Geothermal Energy
Biofuels
Crude oil

It is used to make liquid petroleum products.

Oil and Gas
Is it hard to imagine a
world without oil and
gas?
Uses of Oil and Gas
Natural Gas

It is a gaseous fuel that is versatile, rich, and

reasonably clean compared to coal and oil.
Natural Gas
Natural Gas: Uses for
Energy
Coal

It is a ammable black hard rock used as a solid fossil

fuel.
fl
Coal
Coal, crude oil, and
natural gas are all
considered fossil fuels.
Fossil Fuels
Glass - Environmental Friendly or Not?
Characteristics of a
good energy source
Assessment 3

Give at least one alarming issue about the use of

nuclear energy.
"The use of solar energy has not been
opened up because the oil industry
does not own the sun."

Ralph Nader
GEPE 211 - People and the Earth's Ecosystem

Chapter 5 - Cost Reduction and Probable

Energy Solutions for Various Industries
PREPARED BY ARLMARIE KRISTIN B. VASQUEZ, SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES INSTRUCTOR
REFERENCE: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BY BERMUDEZ, CABILING, JR., SAN PEDRO, AND ZHANG, 2017

Why is there a need to go solar?

Solar Thermal
Solar Photovoltaic Cells
Solar Energy and Agriculture

Even in the olden times, the sun was used to dry crops
and grains.
Drive the Future with Solar Powered Cars

Solar cars channel energy from the sun by converting

it into electricity.
Solar energy provides clean
energy. It is environmental-
friendly and human health is
also protected.
Assessment 4

1. Explain the need to go solar.

2. Can solar energy lead to sustainability? Justify.
3. Are you open to try the use of solar energy as a
replacement for conventional sources of energy?
Why?

GEPE: PEOPLE AND THE EARTH'S ECOSYSTEMS

______________________________________________________________

Green Revolution and Biotechnology






Green Revolution



A movement to boost food production through:



1. The launching of high-yield crop varieties

2. The use and treatment of fertilizers and pesticides

3. The application of advanced agricultural techniques (mechaniza-
tion)



The objective is to eliminate or at the very least, reduce hunger by
further enriching crop performance.



Dr. Norman Ernest Borlaug



-U.S. plant pathologist/plant breeder

-Father of Green Revolution

-won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970



Thomas Malthus wrote a famous essay in 1798 which deliberated the
struggles caused by population growth. He argued that the number of
people always increase faster than the food supplies and that even-
tually the world would be unable to feed its people. When the point is
reached, nature would impose her own checks on further growth in
the form of diseases, famines, and wars.





The growing human population = pressure on Earth's natural re-
sources



Green Revolution: Promise of Hope



1. Hunger reduction/elimination

2. Strengthen and improve global carrying capacity. 




Human population, now nearing 8 billion, cannot continue to grow
exponentially. There are limits top the life-sustaining resources earth
can provide us. There is a carrying capacity of human life on our
planet. Carrying capacity is the maximum number of a species an en-
vironment can support inde nitely.



3. Intensify food production.

4. Foster technological knowledge.

5. Availability of materials to local farmers.



Post-Green Revolution Problems/Setbacks



1. Input accessibility



Not all local farmers have access to:

a. Seeds

b. Fertilizer

c. Pesticides/insecticides

d. Machineries and equipment

e. Irrigation



2. Production cost



Monetary di culty as most farmers could not a ord the requirements
for the cultivation of these "new varieties"



3. Environmental concerns



a. Soil erosion

b. Soil nutrient depletion



4. Challenge on allocation and distribution



a. Problems on transportation

b. Problems in terms of storage




ffi
fi
ff
Biotechnology - The Next Green Revolution



-supports farmers produce higher yields on less land as compared to
conventional plant breeding

- more precise state of the art farming technology

-farming methods/practices become less time consuming



Genetically modi ed food



-genetically engineered food

-the potential capability of crops that bear an herbicide-resilient ge-
netic material integrated by biotechnology

-the objective of this is to stop world hunger



Requisites for a Successful Biotechnology Scheme



1. Accessibility



Monetary concerns - most local farmers could not a ord biotech
products



Provide subsidies to local farmers



2. Demands more tests for genetically modi ed foods



For safety and health reasons not only for human consumption but
for environmental matters as well



3. Necessitates more funding for research and development



To discover more potentials and/or setbacks



4. Educating the public



Adequate information dissemination





Biotechnology and the environment

fi
fi
ff


Continued conventional farming practices necessiatet the cutting
down of more forests and convert it into croplands to increase food
production for the mounting population. In doing so, wildlife habitat
would be destroyed.



Biotechnology has less impact on:



a. Biodiversity

b. Forest

c. Wildlife

d. Soil erosion

e. Grasslands



Green revolution and biotechnology in the 21st century



The need to obviously continue because



a. Food shortage is a global problem

b. Overpopulation puts pressure and threatens food supply

c. Modern technologies can facilitate in enhancing food production1




1 Prepared by Arlmarie Kristin B. Vasquez, G.E. Instructor