School of Health and Natural Sciences

CENTER FOR NATURAL SCIENCES

Anatomy and Physiology

Muscular System

DIANA I. TAYABAN
BFSCI III
Introduction

The muscular system consists of all the muscles of the body such as the skeletal, smooth and
cardiac muscles. It permits movement of the body, maintains posture and circulates blood
throughout the body. The largest percentage of muscles in the muscular system consists of
skeletal muscles, which are attached to bones and enable voluntary body movements.

The muscular systems in vertebrates are controlled through the nervous system although some
muscles (such as the cardiac muscle) can be completely autonomous. Together with the skeletal
system, it forms the musculoskeletal system, which is responsible for movement of the human
body.

Review Questions

1. List three functions of the muscular system.

The muscular system provides for movement of the body and its parts, maintains
posture, generates heat, and stabilizes joints.

2. How does the muscular system work?

The muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal , smooth and cardiac
muscles . It permits movement of the body, maintains posture, and circulates blood
throughout the body.

3. Where is the muscular system located?

They're located between bones.

4. Give 5 facts about the muscular system.

-Muscle is a sort of tissue in the bodies of humans and animals.

 -Muscle memory is created by practicing an action over and over again. Our muscles

will tone themselves becoming more precise and exact in what they do. Practice is very

important when learning a sport.

-The smallest muscles in your body are in your inner ear.

-To take one step it takes 200 muscles.

-There are around 650 skeletal muscles in the human body.

5. Why is it important to keep your muscular system healthy?

Keeping your muscles healthy can help prevent injury, pain, weakness, or cramping.
Muscle strength helps support the body, preventing falls and other accidents, while
relieving some symptoms of chronic conditions like diabetes and osteoarthritis.

A. Enumerate 5 common diseases of the muscular system. Give the description and its
treatment/cure.

Diseases/Disorder Description Treatment

atrophy wasting away of muscle due to Atrophy can be treated with
lack of use regular exercise and better
nutrition. Your healthcare
provider may recommend
physical therapy or an
exercise plan. Even if you
can't actively move certain
joints in your body, you can
do still exercises wearing a
splint or brace.
hypertrophy an increase in the size of the Strength training
muscle cell
strain tear in the muscle resulting Initial treatment includes rest,
from excessive use. Bleeding ice, compression and
inside the muscle can result in elevation. Mild strains can be
pain and swelling. Ice packs successfully treated at home.
will help stop bleeding and Severe strains sometimes
reduce swelling. require surgical repair.
muscle spasm (cramp) sustained contraction of the Apply heat or cold. Use a
muscle, usually becuase of warm towel or heating pad
overuse on tense or tight muscles.
Taking a warm bath or
directing the stream of a hot

flat feet (talipes) weakening of leg muscles that
support the arch, downward
pressure on the foot eventually
flattens out the arches.
Condition can be helped by
exercise, massage and corrective
shoes.
B. Labelling: Label the diagram below.
shower onto the cramped
muscle also can help.
Alternatively, massaging the
cramped muscle with ice may
relieve pain.
The aim of treatment is to
secure proper position of the
arch and heel by the use of
adequate shoes, with or
without supports, and to
preserve that position by
strengthening the muscles
maintaining correction of
arch and heel.
1. Platysma 6. External oblique 11. Sartorius 16. Trapezius 21. Rectus
Abdominus
2. 7. external 12. Gastrocnemius 17. Deltoid 22. Gracilis
sternocleidomastoid oblique
3. pectoralis major 8. Iliopsoas 13. Frontalis 18. Biceps brachii 23. Tensor fasciae
latae
4. Serratus Anterior 9. abductor longes 14. masseter 19. biceps brachii 24. Tibialis
Anterior
5. Brachioradials 10. Pectineus 15. Orbicularis Oris 20. Triceps 25. Soleus
brachii