CHEM 86L CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS

LABORATORY

Name: Angela Cristy O. Payapaya Locker No.:

Co-Workers: Kier Andree Parantar Section: Chem 86L - EA
Salman Pumbayabaya Date Performed: 02-21-22
Attendance:

Expt. 2 Heat of Combustion

Objectives:
1) determine the heat of combustion of
Pre-lab data:
ethanol, propanol and butanol
Observations:
2) compare and contrast the heat Analysis/Post lab questions:
combustion of the 3 alcohols Conclusion:

Apparatus: Symbols of Chemicals:

Alcohol Lamps H2O - Water
250 mL Erlenmeyer Flask C2H5OH - Ethanol
100 mL Graduated Cylinder C3H7OH - Propanol
Thermometer with rubber stopper C4H9OH - Butanol
Electronic Balance
Cotton
Scatch Tape
Stopwatch
Iron stand with Clamp
Ethanol
Propanol
Butanol
Distilled Water
Procedure: (Note: Write schematic diagram at the back.)

Observations

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I. Qualitative Data
TABLE A. Qualitative Data
Alcohol Used Ethanol Propanol Butanol
Appearance Clear Colorless Clear Colorless Clear Colorless
Before Heating Liquid Liquid Liquid
Blue Red/Orange/Yellow Pale Blue
Flame Color
Flame Color Flame Color Flame Color
Time to reach final
4:34 6:04 5:31
temperature, min:sec

TABLE B. Quantitative Data

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Alcohol Used Ethanol Propanol Butanol

(CH3CH2OH) (CH3CH2CH2OH) (CH3CH2CH2CH2OH)
Volume of water, mL 150 mL 150 mL 150 mL
Mass of water, g 150 grams 150 grams 150 grams

Alcohol Used Ethanol Propanol Butanol

(CH3CH2OH) (CH3CH2CH2OH) (CH3CH2CH2CH2OH)
Temperature of Water Before
30 °C 29.20 °C 29.90 °C
Heating, °C

Temperature of Water After

62.20 °C 61.0 °C 60.10 °C
Heating, °C

Temperature Difference (ΔT), 32.30 °C 31.80 °C 30.20 °C

°C
Mass of lamp before heating, 132.843 grams 143.401 grams 146.543 grams
g
Mass of lamp after heating, g 131.304 grams 141.911 grams 145.204 grams
Mass of Alcohol Burnt, g (132.843 g - 131.304 g) (143.401 g - 141.911 g) (146.543 g - 145.204 g)
1.539 g 1.49 g 1.34 g
Molar mass of alcohol, g/mol 46.07 g/mol 60.10 g/mol 74.121 g/mol
Moles of Alcohol Burnt, mol 2.91 mol 2.40 mol 1.96 moles
Heat absorbed by water during
Combustion, J 20271.48 J 19957.68 J 18953.52 J
q = m∙c∙ΔT; c = 4.184 J/g∙oC

Enthalpy Change of Combustion

of Alcohol, kJ/mol - 614.25 KJ/mol -799.2 KJ/mol -1052.94 KJ/mol
ΔHcomb = -q/n

Sample calculations: Show solutions here.

Ethanol:
1KJ  20.27 KJ
20271.48 J   20.27 KJ   - 614.24 KJ/mol
1000 J ΔHcomb 0.033mol

1mol
1.539 g   0.33mol
46.07 g / mol
Propanol:
1KJ  19.98KJ
19957.68 J   19.98KJ   199.2 KJ / mol
1000 J ΔHcomb 0.025mol

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1mol
1.49 g   0.025mol
60.10 g

Butanol:
1KJ  18.953KJ
189.53.52 J   18.953KJ   1082.94 KJ / mol
1000 J ΔHcomb 0.018mol

1mol
1.34 g   0.018mol
74.12 g

POST-LAB QUESTIONS: Limit your answer in 3-5 sentences only.

1. How do the different colors of the flame observed relate to the type of
combustion occurred? (3 pts)

The different colors of the flame relate to the type of combustion because of the
hydrocarbon. Blue flame is an indication of complete combustion while the red flames
indicate an incomplete combustion. Also, that the blue flames burn much hotter compare
to the red flames that why in finding the heat the ethanol has a higher heat compare to
the butanol.

2. What is the relationship between the number of carbon atom per alcohol
molecule and the molar heat of combustion? (5 pts)

The relationship between the number of carbon atoms per alcohol and the molar heat
of combustion is that the heat of combustion of each alcohol is determined by the number
of carbon and hydrogen atoms in the alcohol molecule's chemical formula. The heat of
burning increases as the amount of carbon and hydrogen atoms per alcohol molecule
increases. It is important to know the energy being produced in the reaction so that it will
be easy to determine the most efficient fuel for a given purpose.

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3. Relate the molar heat of combustion to the time to reach the final temperature. (3 pts)

The molar heat of combustion means how much heat is burnt for every 1 mole. With
lower enthalpy burns faster than higher enthalpy that why ethanol has a faster time to
reach the final temperature while the butanol is 2 nd and the propanol is the longest. Why
does propanol is the longest but having lower enthalpy the butanol because propanol is
an incomplete combustion while the ethanol and butanol is complete combustion.

4. Compare your calculated heat of combustion values to the known

standard enthalpy of combustion values. (2 pts)

The calculated heat combustion of ethanol, propanol, and butanol, based on the
stated quantitative data, is -614.25 KJ/mol, -799.2 KJ/mol, and -1052.94 KJ/mol,
respectively. Meanwhile, ethanol has a standard enthalpy of 1366.8 KJ/mol, propanol has
306.2 KJ/mol, and butanol has a standard enthalpy of -332.8 KJ/mol. All of the values from
the determined heat of combustion data are negative, showing that energy is being taken
from the reaction, making it exothermic. Additionally, combustion is almost always an
exothermic process. The enthalpy change of production might be positive or negative
since a reaction to make 1 mole of a chemical can be either exothermic or endothermic.

5. What is/are the possible source/s of this error? (2 pts)

Some of the possible sources of error of this experiment would be the combustion
was not complete, the time and the temperature are insufficient, not placing the rubber
stopper properly that would stop the movement of air causing intense heat loss, and a lot
of the heat would be lost in the surroundings. There are still possible sources of error but
this was certainly the biggest factor for heat loss which impacted the experimental result.

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Construct your schematic diagram here.

Ethanol

Empty Alcohol Lamp Graduated Cylinder 150 ml of H2O

Weigh the Lamp; Electronic Balance
Pour it in a Erlenmeyer flask’ 250 mL
Record the Mass
Record initial temperature

20 - 30 ml C2H5OH (Ethanol) Erlenmeyer Flask + H2O, 150 mL

Add Ethanol into Alcohol lamp Insulate the Erlenmeyer flask
Record the mass Wrap it with fine layer of cotton
Cover the flask, rubber stopper
Place inside the thermometer

Flask with thermometer

Heat it using Alcohol lamp with Ethanol
Start the stopwatch
Observe the color flame and temperature rise

Alcohol lamp with Ethanol

Blow out Alcohol lamp
Temperature risen up to 30°C
Stop the stopwatch
Weigh it, Electronic balance
Record the mass

Watch all apparatus

Repeat produce for Propanol & Butanol

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LABORATORY

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