Silliman University Senior High School

General Biology 2
Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance

Name: Faith Colin Llamas Section: 12 STEAM L

I. Punnett Square Problems

Instruction: In all the problems below, show the following in your solution:
1. The given data; that is the nomenclature or letter symbols of the alleles.
2. The cross of the parents.
3. The Punnett square.
4. The offspring genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
SIMPLE DOMINANT & RECESSIVE TRAITS
Let's say that in seals, the gene for the length of the whiskers has two alleles. The dominant allele
(W) codes long whiskers & the recessive allele (w) codes for short whiskers.
1) What percentage of offspring would be expected to have short whiskers from the cross of
two long-whiskered seals, one parent is homozygous dominant and the other one is
heterozygous?
W W
Because the only way to get
W WW WW
short whiskers is to be "ww,"
Ww Ww there will be 0% short
w whiskers.

2) If one parent seal is pure long-whiskered and the other is short-whiskered, what percent
of offspring would have short whiskers?
W W Because everyone is 100%
w Ww Ww heterozygous, there is a 0%
possibility of having short
w Ww Ww whiskers.

In purple people eaters, one-horn is dominant and no horn is recessive.

3.) Draw a Punnett Square showing the cross of a purple people eater that is hybrid for horns
with a purple people eater that does not have horns.
H h

h Hh hh

h Hh hh

1
 4.) Summarize the genotypes & phenotypes of the possible offspring

Genotypes of Both Parents:

25% homozygous dominant (GG) 50% hybrid (Gg) 25% homozygous

recessive (gg) Or 1 GG : 2 Gg : 1 gg

Phenotypes of Offspring:

50% one-horn 50% no horns Or 2 one-horn : 2 no horn

A green-leafed fuzzywhatsit (I made this plant up) is crossed with a fuzzywhatsit with yellow-
striped leaves. The cross produces 185 green-leafed fuzzywhatsits.
5.) What were the genotypes of both parents?
G: Dominant allele for green leaves g: Recessive allele for yellow-striped
leaves
G y
Genotypes of both parents:
GG Gg
G
25% homozygous dominant (GG)
g Gg gg 50% hybrid (Gg) 25%
homozygous recessive (gg) Or 1
GG : 2 Gg : 1 gg

6.) Summarize the genotypes & phenotypes of the offspring that would be produced by
crossing two
of the green-leafed fuzzywhatsits obtained from the initial cross.

Genotype 25% homozygous dominant (GG) 50% hybrid (Gg)

25% homozygous recessive (gg) Or 1 GG : 2 Gg : 1 gg
Phenotype 75% green-leafed 25% yellow-striped leaves Or 3 green-
leafed :1 yellow-striped leaves

Mendel found that crossing wrinkle-seeded plants with pure round-seeded plants produced only
round-seeded plants.
7.) What genotypic & phenotypic ratios can be expected from a cross of a wrinkle-seeded
plant & a plant heterozygous for this trait (seed appearance)?
R: Dominant allele for round seeds r: recessive allele for wrinkled seeds
R r
Rr rr Genotypic Ratio = 2 Rr : 2 rr
r
-Phenotypic Ratio = 2
r Rr rr Hybrid round-seeded : 2
Homozygous recessive
wrinkle-seeded

2
In dogs, there is a hereditary deafness caused by a recessive gene, “d.” A kennel owner has a
male dog that she wants to use for breeding purposes if possible. The dog can hear, so the owner
knows his genotype is either DD or Dd. If the dog’s genotype is Dd, the owner does not wish to
use him for breeding so that the deafness gene will not be passed on. This can be tested by
breeding the dog to a deaf female (dd).
8.) Draw the Punnett squares to illustrate these two possible crosses. In each case, what
percentage/how many of the offspring would be expected to be hearing? Deaf?
D D D d
Dd Dd Dd dd
d d There is a 50% chance
Dd Dd of being deaf if you
d Dd dd
d have a Hybrid and a
50% chance if you
There’s a 100% chance of have a Homozygous
Hybrid would be able to hear. recessive gene.

9.) How could you tell the genotype of this male dog?

If deaf puppies are a possibility, this male dog's genotype would be

heterozygous dominant (Dd)

10.) Also, using Punnett square(s), show how two hearing dogs could produce deaf
offspring.
D d
D DD Dd If both dogs are heterozygous for deafness,
their offspring will have a 25% chance of
d Dd Dd
becoming deaf.

In humans, brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue (b). A brown-eyed man marries a blue-eyed
woman and they have three children, two of whom are brown-eyed and one of whom is blue-
eyed.
11.) Draw the Punnett square that illustrates this marriage.
B b

B BB Bb

b Bb bb

12.) What is the man’s genotype?

If the man's genotype is Heterozygous Dominant (Bb), there is a probability
of having a blue-eyed child.

3
 13.) What are the genotypes of the children?

25% brown-eyed 50% Hybrid 25% blue-eyed or 1 brown-eyed : 2 Hybrid :

1 blue-eyed

Directions: For each of the following problems 14-18,

1. List the genotypes of the parents.
2. Diagram and complete a Punnett square
3. Give the phenotype percentages of the offspring.

In garden peas, round seed coats (R) is dominant over wrinkled seed coats (r).
14.) What will the results be of a cross between a homozygous dominant male and a
recessive female?
Parents: Male: RR Female: rr
R R
r Rr Rr
PHENOTYPE: 100% Hybrid/
r Rr Rr Round Seeds

In peas, yellow color (Y) is dominant to green (y).

15.) What will be the results of a cross-pollination of a heterozygous female and a
heterozygous male?
Parents: Male: YY Female: yy
Y y
PHENOTYPE: 25% Green
Y YY Yy Peas : 50% Hybrid : 25%
Yy yy Yellow Peas
y

In humans, straight toes (S) are dominant over curled toes (s).
16.) What would be the result of a cross between a recessive male and a heterozygous
female?
Straight Toes: SS Curled Toes: ss
S s
s Ss ss PHENOTYPE: 50% Hybrid : 50%
Curled toes
Ss ss
s

4
In dogs, big ears (E) are dominant small ears (e).
17.) What are the results if two heterozygous dogs have a litter of puppies?
Big ears: EE Small ears:ee
E e
PHENOTYPE: 25% straight
E EE Ee
ears : 50% Hybrid : 25%
Ee ee small ears
e

The ability to roll the tongue (R) is determined by a dominant gene while the recessive gene
results in the inability to roll the tongue (r). A man and his wife can both roll their tongues and are
surprised to find that their son cannot.
18.) Explain this by showing the genotypes of all three persons. (Note: You do not
need to do a Punnett Square for this problem).
Rr x Rr = rr

Their son comes with a recessive gene (rr), which prevents him from rolling
his tongue.

PHENOTYPE: 25% ability to roll tongue : 50% Hybrid : 25% inability to roll
tongue

II. Dihybrid Cross Problem

Problem
In rabbits, gray hair (G) is dominant to white hair (g), and black eyes (B) are dominant to red eyes
(b). These two traits are independent of each other. In other words, a female rabbit with the
genotype GgBb may produce eggs with the alleles GB, Gb, gB, or gb. To predict the probability
of these sorts of crosses, we will make a dihybrid Punnett Square.
1. What are the phenotypes (descriptions) of rabbits that have the following genotypes:
Ggbb Gray fur, red eyes ggBB White fur, black eyes
ggbb White fur, red eyes GgBb Gray fur, black eyes

5
2. A male rabbit with the genotype GGbb is crossed with a female rabbit with the genotype ggBb.
Determine the offspring genotypic and phenotypic ratios. Show your solution: a) using the Punnett
square, and 2) using the forked-line method.

Gb Gb Gb Gb

gB GgBb GgBb GgBb GgBbG

gB GgBb GgBb GgBb GgBb

gb Ggbb Ggbb Ggbb Ggbb

gb Ggbb Ggbb Ggbb Ggbb

PHENOTYPE:

8 Gray fur, black eyes : 8 Gray fur, red eyes

Or

8/16 Gray fur, black eyes : 8/16 Gray fur, red eyes

GENOTYPE:

8 GgBb : 8 Ggbb

Or

8/16 GgBb : 8/16 Ggbb