ASSIGNMENT OF VECTORS AND THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

1. If 𝑎⃗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (2𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗) = 2, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 |𝑏⃗⃗|.

2. If the angle between two vectors 𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗ of equal magnitude is 30o and their scalar product is √3 , find their
magnitudes.
3. Find the angle between 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ .
4. Write down the Direction cosines of 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ .
5. Write two different vectors having sa me magnitude.
6. Write two different vectors having same direction .
7. Find a unit vector in the direction of vector 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ .
8. Show that the vectors 2𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ and -4𝑖̂ + 6𝑗̂ − 8𝑘̂ are collinear.
9. If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ , 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , 𝑐⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑘̂ find a unit vector in the direction 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ .
10. Find the value of 𝛾 so that the vectors : 2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ and -4𝑖̂ − 𝛾𝑗̂ + 8𝑘̂ are (i) parallel (ii) perpendicular.
11. If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ and ⃗⃗⃗
𝑏 =7 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 8𝑘̂, find the projection of 𝑎⃗ 𝑜𝑛 𝑏⃗⃗ .
12. If two vectors 𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗ are : |𝑎⃗| = 2, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 3 and 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = 4, find |𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗|.

13. If |𝑎⃗| = 3, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 2 and 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3 find the angle between 𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗ .

14. 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂, find a unit vector in the direction 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗ .
15. If |𝑎⃗| = √3, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 2 and 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3, find cos 𝜃 .
16. Write the value of 𝑖.̂ (𝑗̂ × 𝑘̂ ) + 𝑗̂(𝑘̂ × 𝑖̂) + 𝑘̂ (𝑗̂ × 𝑖̂).

17. If 𝜃 is the angle between two vectors 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ : 𝑎⃗ . 𝑏⃗⃗ = √3|𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗|, find 𝜃.
18. If 𝑎⃗ is a unit vector : 𝑎⃗ × 𝑖̂ = 𝑗̂ , find 𝑎⃗ . 𝑖̂ .
19. If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂, 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂, 𝑐⃗ = 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , find unit vector in the direction of 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ .
20. The direction ratios of a vector are 2, -3, 4. Find its direction cosines.
21. If |𝑎⃗| = 2, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 5 and 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = 2 , find |𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗|.
22. Find a vector in the direction of vector 3𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ , which has magnitude 6 units.
𝑥−2 2𝑦−5
23. Write Direction ratios of 2
= −3
= 𝑧−1.
𝑥−3 𝑦−2 𝑧−1
24. Write whether the line 3
= 1
= 0
is perpendicular to x – axis, y-axis or z- axis.

25. Write the ratio in which the line segment joining (a, b, c) and (-a, -c, -b) is divided by xy- plane.
26. Write the equation of plane passing through the points (a, 0,0) (0, b, 0) and (0, 0, c).
𝑥−1 𝑦−1 𝑧−1
27. For what value of 𝛾 the line 2
= 3
= 𝛾
is perpendicular to normal plane 𝑟⃗ =(2 𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂ ) = 4 .

28. If 𝑎⃗ =x 𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑘̂ , then write the value of |𝑎⃗ 𝑋 𝑖̂|2 .

29. Write the direction cosines of line whose Cartesian equation are : 2x = 3y = -z .
30. Write the positive vector of the mid point of the vector joining the point P (2, 3, 4) and Q(4, 1, -2) .
31. In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 , the sides AB and BC are represented by 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂, 𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂ . Find Vector 𝐶𝐴
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ .

32. Find the angle between two vectors 𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗ , if |𝑎⃗| = 3, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 4 and |𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗|= 6 .
33. Find the value of p, if (2𝑖̂ + 6𝑗̂ + 27𝑘̂ ) × (𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 𝑝𝑘̂) = 0 .
34. Write the direction cosines of a line equally inclined to three coordinate axes.
35. If 𝑝⃗ is a unit vector and (𝑥⃗ − 𝑝⃗) (𝑥⃗ + 𝑝⃗) = 80 , then find |𝑥⃗| .
36. If a line makes 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 with x-axis , y-axis and z-axis respectively, then find the value of sin2 𝛼 + sin2𝛽 + sin2 𝛾 .
37. Find the angle made by vector 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ with y- axis.
𝑥−3 𝑦+2 𝑧−5
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ is
38. If the equation of the line 𝐴𝐵 = = , find the direction ratios of a line parallel to AB .
1 −2 4

39. For any vector 𝑟⃗ ,Evaluate (𝑟⃗ . 𝑖̂)𝑖̂ + (𝑟⃗ . 𝑗̂)𝑗̂+ (𝑟⃗ . 𝑘̂ )𝑘̂ .
40. Write the direction ratio’s of the vector 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ - 𝑘̂ 𝑎nd hence calculate its direction cosines.
41. Write the value of p for which 𝑎⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ +9 𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑝𝑗̂ + 3 𝑘̂ are parallel vector.
42. Write a vector magnitude 15 units in the direction of vector 𝑖⃗ − 2𝑗̂ + 2 𝑘̂ .
43. What is the cosine of the angle which the vector √2𝑖⃗ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ makes with y – axis ?
44. Find ‘ 𝜆’ when the projection of 𝑎⃗ = 𝛌𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 4 𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 6𝑗̂ + 3 𝑘̂ is 4 units.
45. Show that the points A (2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ), B (2𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ ), C (3𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂ ) are vertices of right triangle.
46. Show that the points A (- 2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂ ), B ( 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ ) and C (7𝑖̂ − 𝑘̂ ) are collinear .
47. Find a unit vector perpendicular to each of the vectors (𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ( 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗ ), where 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂, ⃗⃗⃗
𝑏 = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ .
48. If 𝑎⃗ = 5𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂ then show that the vectors (𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗) and ( 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗ ) perpendicular
49. Find the area of the triangle having the points A(1, 1, 1) , B(1, 2, 3) and C(2, 3, 1).
50. If the sum of two unit vectors is a unit vector, show that the magnitude of their difference is √3 .
51. The two adjacent side of a parallelogram are 2𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂ and 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ . Find the unit vector parallel to its diagonal.
Also, find its area.
52. The scalar product of the vector 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ with a unit vector along the sum of vectors 2𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂ and
𝛾𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ is equal to one, find the value of 𝛾 .
53. The dot product of a vector with the vectors 𝑖̂ − 3𝑘̂ , 𝑖̂ − 2𝑘̂ and 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ are 0, 5 and 8 respectively. Find the vector.
54. Let 𝑎⃗ = 4𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂ and 𝑐⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂. Find a vector 𝑑⃗ which is perpendicular to both 𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑
: 𝑑⃗. 𝑐⃗ = 21.
55. Let 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑐⃗ be three vectors : |𝑎⃗| = 3, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 4, |𝑐⃗| = 5 and each one of them being perpendicular tthe sum of other

two, find |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗| .

56. If 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ , 𝑐⃗ are mutually perpendicular vectors of equal magnitudes, show that the vector 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗is equally included to
𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑐⃗ .
57. Find the distance of the point (-1, -5, -10) from the point of intersection of line 𝑟⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ + 𝜆(3𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂) and
the plane 𝑟⃗ .(𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) = 5 .
58. If 𝑎⃗ and𝑏⃗⃗ are unit vectors and 𝜃 is the angle between them, show that sin 𝜃/2 = ½ |𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗| .
𝑥 𝑦−1 𝑧−2
59. Find the image of point (1, 6, 3) in the line 1 = 2
= 3
.
𝑥−1 𝑦+1 𝑥+1 𝑦−2 𝑧−2
60. Determine whether the following pairs of lines intersect or not : 2
= 3
= z, 5
= 1
= 1
.
 𝑥+1 𝑦+1 𝑧+1 𝑥−3 𝑦−5 𝑧−7
61. Find the shortest distance between the lines : = = and = = .
7 −6 1 1 −2 1

62. Find the shortest distance between the lines : 𝑟⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ + 𝜆( 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ); 𝑟⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ + 𝜇(2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂) .
𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3 𝑥−4 𝑦−1
63. Show that the lines : = = and = = z intersect. Also find their point of intersection.
2 3 4 5 2

64. Find whether the lines 𝑟⃗ = ( 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ) + 𝜆(2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂) and 𝑟⃗ = (2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂) + 𝜇( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂) intersect or not. If
intersecting, find their point of intersection.
65. Find the coordinates of foot of perpendicular draw from the origin to the plane 2x – 3y + 4z = 6.
66. Find the coordinates of the point where the line through the points A (3, 4, 1) and B (5, 1, 6) crosses the XY – plane.
1 1 1 1
67. Prove that if a plane has intercepts a, b, c and is at a distance of p units from origin, then 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 = 𝑝2

68. find the length and foot of perpendicular from the point (1, 1, 2) to the plane 2x – 2y + 4z + 5 = 0.
𝑥−1 𝑦−3 𝑧 𝑥−4 𝑦−1 𝑧−1
69. Show that the lines = = and = = are coplanar. Also find the equation of the plane containing these lines.
2 4 −1 3 −2 1

70. Find the position vector of a point R which divides the line joining two points P and Q whose position vectors are
(2𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ ) & (𝑎⃗ − 3𝑏⃗⃗) respectively, externally in the ration 1 : 2. Also, show P is the mid point of RQ .
𝑥−4 𝑦+3 𝑧+1
71. Find the equation of plane passing through the points A(0, 0, 0) & B (3, -1, 2) and parallel to line 1
= −4
= 7
.

72. Show that the points A ( -2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂ ), B ( 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ ) and C (7 𝑖̂ − 𝑘̂ ) are collinear.
73. Find a unit vector perpendicular to each of the vectors 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗ , where 𝑎⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂ .
74. If 𝛼 = 3𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂ and 𝛽 = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂ , then express 𝛽⃗ in the form 𝛽⃗ = 𝛽⃗1 + 𝛽⃗2, where 𝛽⃗1 is parallel
to 𝛼⃗ and 𝛽⃗2 is perpendicular to 𝛼⃗ .
75. If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂, find a vector 𝑐⃗ such that 𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗ × 𝑐⃗ = 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑎⃗ . 𝑐⃗ = 3.
76. If 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗= 0 and |𝑎⃗| = 3, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 5 and |𝑐⃗| = 7 , show that the angle between 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ is 60o .
77. If 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ and 𝑖̂ − 6𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ are the position vectors of the points A, B, C and D, find the angle between
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and 𝐶𝐷
𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ . Deduce that 𝐴𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and 𝐶𝐷
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ are collinear .

78. The scalar product of the vector 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ with the unit vector along the sum of vectors 2𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂and 𝜆𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂
is equal to one. Find the value of 𝜆 .
79. Let 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ , 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ and 𝑐⃗ = 7𝑖̂ − 𝑘̂ . Find a vector 𝑑⃗ which is perpendicular to both 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗⃗⃗ . 𝑑⃗ = 1.
80. Find the Vector and Cartesian equations of the line passing through the point (1, 2, -4) and perpendicular to the two lines
𝑥−8 𝑦+19 𝑧−10 𝑥−15 𝑦−29 𝑧−5
= = and = = .
3 −16 7 3 8 −5

81. If = 𝑐⃗ × 𝑑⃗ and 𝑎⃗ × 𝑐⃗ = 𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗ × 𝑑⃗, show that 𝑎⃗ -𝑑⃗ is parallel to 𝑏⃗⃗ - 𝑐⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ ≠ 𝑐⃗

82. 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , 𝑐⃗ = -4𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ , then find: a vector 𝑏⃗⃗: 𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑐⃗ and 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3
𝜃 1
83. If 𝑎⃗𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗ are unit vectors and 𝜃 is the angle between them, then prove that cos2 =2 |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ |

84. If 𝑟⃗ = x 𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑘̂ , find (𝑟⃗ × 𝑖̂).(𝑟⃗ × 𝑗̂)+xy

85. Find the equation of the plane containing the line of intersection of the planes 2x – 3y + 5z = 7 and 3x +4y- z = 11 and
passing through the point (1, 0, -2) .
86. Find the foot of perpendicular distance of the point (1, 3, 4) from the plane 2x – y + z + 3 = 0. Find also, the image of the
point in plane (-3, 5, 2) .
 𝑥−1 𝑦+1 𝑧−1 𝑥−3 𝑦−𝑘 𝑧
87. If the lines 2
= 3
= 4
and 1
= 2
= 1 intersect, then find the value of k and hence find the equation of plane

containing these lines.

88. Find the equation of plane that contains the point (1, -1, 2) and is perpendicular to each of the planes 2x+3y-2z=5 &
x+2y-3z = 8 .
89. Find the vector equation of the plane passing through the intersection of planes 𝑟⃗ . ( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ) = 6 and

𝑟⃗ .(2 𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ ) + 5 = 0 & point (1, 1, 1) .

𝑥+3 𝑦−3 𝑧−2
90. Find the equation of plane passing through the points (3, 4, 1) & (0, 1, 0) & parallel to line 2
= 4
= 5
.

91. Prove that the image of the point (3, -2, 1) in the plane 3x-y+4z = 2 lie on plane x+y+z+4 = 0.
𝑥+2 2𝑦+3 3𝑧+4
92. Find the distance of points (-2, 3, -4) from the line 3
= 4
= 5
measured parallel to plane4x + 12y – 3z = 0.
𝑥+3 𝑦−1 𝑧−5 𝑥+1 𝑦−2 𝑧−5
93. Show that the lines −3
= 1
= 5
and −1
= 2
= 5
are coplanar. Also find the equation of plane containing the

lines.
94. Find the equation of plane determined by the points A (3, -1, 2), B (5, 2, 4) & C (-1, -1, 6). Also find the distance of point
6
P(6, 5, 9) from plane .[ ] .
√34
̂ + 𝜇(2𝑖̂ + 3𝑘̂) are coplanar. Also find the plane
95. Show that the lines 𝑟⃗ = ( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ ) + 𝛾(3𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂) and 𝑟⃗ = (4𝑖̂ − 𝑘)
containing these two lines.
𝑥−3 𝑦+4 𝑧−1 𝑥+1 𝑦−2 𝑧
96. Find the equation of plane which contains two parallel lines 3
= 2
= 1
and 3
= 2
= 1
.

97. Find the Cartesian as well as vector equation of the planes , passing through the intersection of planes
𝑟⃗ .(2 𝑖̂ + 6𝑗̂) + 12 = 0 &𝑟⃗ .( 3𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ ) = 0 , which are at a unit distance from origin.
𝑥+1 𝑦+1 𝑧
98. Find the distance of the point (2, 2, -1) from the plane x + 2y – z = 1 measured parallel to the line = = .
1 2 3

99. Find the co-ordinates of the point where the line through (3, -4, -5) and (2, -3, 1) crosses the plane determined by points
A(1, 2, 3), B (2, 2, 1) and C (-1, 3, 6) .
𝑥+3 𝑦−1 𝑧−5 𝑥+1 𝑦−2 𝑧−5
100Show that the lines −3
= 1
= 5
, −1
= 2
= 5
are coplanar. Also find the equation of the plane containing

the lines.