University Of Gondar Institutes Of Technology

Departments Of

Electrical And Computer Engineering

4th year Computer Stream

Documentation For Elevator Control

Name ID №

1. Belete Tizazu………………………………………00280/10

2. Yihenew Alemneh………………………………….00695/10

3. Yohannes Ayalew ……………………………….…01037/10

4. Yonas Chekole………………………………….…..00371/10

Submitted To: Instructor Aamsalu

Submission Date: 05 / 07 / 2014 E.C

Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ..............................................................................................................................................3
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER 1 .................................................................................................................................................................5
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................5
1.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................................5
1.2 BACKGROUND AND HISTORY OF ELEVETOR............................................................................................ 5
1.3 AIM .................................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.4 OBJECTIVE ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.5 8051 MICROCONTROLLER ......................................................................................................................... 6
1.6 DESIGN CONSIDERATION OF STEPPER MOTOR .................................................................................... 6
1.6.1 INDUCTANCE ...........................................................................................................................................7
1.6.2 MOTOR STIFFNESS ................................................................................................................................. 7
1.7 TYPES OF STEPPER MOTOR ........................................................................................................................ 7
1.7.1 UNIPOLAR STEPPER MOTOR ............................................................................................................... 7
1.7.2 BIPOLAR STEPPER MOTOR .................................................................................................................. 7
CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................................................................8
DESIGNE, IMPLEMENTATION AND TOOL USED .............................................................................................. 8
2.1SIMULATION DESIGN .................................................................................................................................... 8
2.3TOOL USED .......................................................................................................................................................9
2.3.1 Software used .............................................................................................................................................. 9
2.3.2 Component used ..........................................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER 3 .............................................................................................................................................................. 10
METHODOLOGY AND CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................ 10
3.1 METHODOLOGY ...........................................................................................................................................10
3.2 CONCLUTION ................................................................................................................................................10
REFERENCE .............................................................................................................................................................11
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We are over helmed in all humbleness and gratefulness to acknowledge our depth to all those who have
helped us to put these ideas, well above the level of simplicity and into something concrete. We would
like to express our special thanks of gratitude to our teacher Amsalu who gave us the golden opportunity
to do this wonderful project on the topic (elevator control system by 8085 microcontroller), which also
helped us in doing a lot of Research and we came to know about so many new things. We are really
thankful to him. Any attempt at any level can‘t be satisfactorily completed without the support of our
team and our friends.
 ABSTRACT

An elevator is platform that can move up and down in vertical direction by a mechanical means .In the
past elevator drive mechanism were powered by stream and water hydraulic piston. In today’s world,
there are intricate governors and switching schemes to carefully control cab needs in any situation,
buttons have been giving way to keypads. In our project, the atmega8 microcontroller based lift system is
constructed to simulate as an actual lift in the human life. The elevator control system is one of the
important aspects in electronics control module in automotive application. Here elevator control system
is designed with different levels. First the elevator control system is implemented for multi-storage
buildings. The project addresses a microcontroller based unipolar stepper motor drive used for an
elevator system. The elevator system developed can move up and down, along with the feature of floor
display indicator incorporated in it. The move up and move down of elevator are indicated with red and
yellow LED’s respectively. The elevator system is operated using micro switches, the control program is
developed in C language and Kiel compiler is used to converts this control program into executable file
or say in a HEX code.
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Elevator is a transport device which is very common to us in present days. We use elevator every day to
move goods or peoples vertically in a high building such as shopping Centre, working office, hotel and
many more places. It is a very useful device that moves people to the desired floor in the shortest time. In
this project, A89C51 microcontroller is used as the primary controller and it consist of various inputs and
outputs circuits together with a lift model. Stepper motors with microcontrollers are used in numerous
applications when there is need of controlling the motion. This is due to the robust structure of stepper
motor, absence of brushes and better control capability when they are used with microcontrollers. These
motors have excellent response to starting, stopping and reversing. The microcontroller is used for
sending control pulses to the stepper motor drive. The microcontroller is used both to control the speed as
well as position of stepper motor. The 8051 Microcontroller is used to coordinate the functions of
various hardware circuitries. Service request circuit or keypad and sensors are used as input. Stepper
motor driver circuit, DC motor circuit, seven-segment display, and various types of LED (light emitting
diodes) displays are used as output. software for the system was designed according to the real lift traffic
management algorithm.

1.2 BACKGROUND AND HISTORY OF ELEVETOR

The electric motor was introduced in elevator construction in 1880 by the German
inventor Werner von Siemens. His car, carrying the motor below, climbed its shaft by
means of revolving pinion gears that engaged racks at the sides of the shaft. An electric
elevator was constructed in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1887, operated by an electric motor
turning a revolving drum on which the hoisting rope was wound (National Elevator
Manufacturing Industry Inc.). In the drum elevator the length of the hoisting rope, and
therefore the height to which the car can rise, are limited by the size of the drum. The
space limitations and manufacturing difficulties prevented the use of the drum mechanism
in skyscrapers. The advantages of the electric elevator, however, including efficiency,
relatively low installation costs, and virtually constant speed regardless of the load,
spurred inventors to search for a way of using electric motive power in skyscrapers.
 Counterweights creating traction on electrically driven sheaves solved the problem. Since
the introduction of electric motive power for elevators, various improvements have been
made in motors and methods of control. Originally the motor switch and the brakes were
operated mechanically from the car by means of hand ropes. Soon electromagnets,
controlled by operating switches in the car, were introduced to throw the motor switch
and to release a spring brake. Push-button control was an early development, later
supplemented by elaborate signal systems. Automatic elevators are now generally
employed in all types of buildings.

1.3 AIM
This lab is carried out with the aim of designing and implementing an elevator system
which will fulfill the criteria given. This elevator system can be referred to existing
systems nowadays.

1.4 OBJECTIVE
The objectives of the project are:
 To interpret the software modeling diagrams
 To develop codes, debug, and simulate the codes using software
 To understand interfacing concepts
 To verify the required results on display
 To implement software KeiluVision4 and Protues
 To choose a how to control an elevator system.

1.5 8051 MICROCONTROLLER

A digital microcontroller typically consists of three major components: Central Processing Unit (CPU),
Program and data memory, and an Input/ Output (I/O) system. The CPU controls the flow of information
among the components of the computer. It also processes the data by performing digital operations. Most
of the processing is done in the Arithmetic-Logic-Unit (ALU) within the CPU. Microcontrollers are
usually dedicated devices embedded within an application. For example, microcontrollers are used as
engine controllers in automobiles and as exposure and focus controllers in cameras. In order to serve
these applications, they have a high concentration of on-chip facilities.

1.6 DESIGN CONSIDERATION OF STEPPER MOTOR

The electric compatibility between the motor and the driver are most critical factors in a stepper
Motor system design, some general guidelines in the selection of these components are [2]:
 1.6.1 INDUCTANCE
Stepper motors are rated with a varying degree of inductance. A high inductance motor will
Provide a greater amount of torque at low speeds and lower torque at high speeds.

1.6.2 MOTOR STIFFNESS

Stepper motor runs stiffly due to the design. By reducing the current flow to the motor by small
Percentage will smooth the operation and by increasing current will increase the stiffness but
Also provide more torque.

1.7 TYPES OF STEPPER MOTOR

On the bases of wire arrangement stepper motors are categorized into two types.
1. Unipolar stepper motor.
2. Bipolar stepper motor.

1.7.1 UNIPOLAR STEPPER MOTOR

A unipolar stepper motor has two windings per phase, one for each direction of magnetic field.
Since in this arrangement a magnetic pole can be reversed without switching the direction of
Current the commutation circuit can be made very simple (eg. a single transistor) for each winding.

1.7.2 BIPOLAR STEPPER MOTOR

Bipolar motors have a single winding per phase. The current in a winding needs to be reversed in
Order to reverse a magnetic pole, so the driving circuit must be more complicated.
 CHAPTER 2

DESIGNE, IMPLEMENTATION AND TOOL USED

2.1SIMULATION DESIGN
The below simulation shows the simulation of an Elevator control system Which has the keypad, motor
7 segment display LCD , LEDs

Fig 2.1 Simulation of Elevator control system

2.2 IMPLEMENTATION

In this project we developed the elevator system by using ATC51 Microcontroller. By using switch we
give command to the microcontroller and floor detect by IR sensor module. We show the basic elevator
system with three floors .In this project we show three floors with three switches. The lift carries the
person to each floor .we use separate switches for timed operation and priority for any floor. With the
help of these switches, the lifts automatically choose a path when we press a start switch. The lift
automatically starts and immediately responds
According to user input.
Some options that are provided for the user to make

1. When user at ground floor -

User can go to first floor and other up floor.
2. When user at first floor -
User can go to ground floor and also can go to second floor.
3. When user at Second floor -
User can go to first floor and also can go to ground floor.

2.3TOOL USED

2.3.1 Software used

 Keil compiler uVission5:
Kiel compiler is a Microsoft window software tool used for changing a high level program into
executable code or say in HEX code. Kiel compiler is used to change assembly and C code into HEX
code. It is one of the easiest software with DS cope software used to loading HEX code into the
microcontroller according to the need of user
 Protues8 professional:

2.3.2 Component used

 At89c51 controller
 LCD
 LED
 Motor stepper
 7 Segment Display
 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY AND CONCLUSION

3.1 METHODOLOGY
This is a simple project on how to Control Elevator Lift using 89c51 Microcontroller? Tutorial is simple
no interrupts of microcontroller are utilized for emergency situations or changing the floor during
elevator movement. Once the floor is selected you cannot change or deselect it. 8051 microcontroller
general purpose input output pins are used to select the floor and display the status of elevator on
16×2Lcd. An led bar array depicts the presence of lift on particular floor. Project is best suited for
electrical/ electronic students to take it as final subject clearance project.

How 8051 microcontroller elevator control system works?

User specifies/select the floor on which he wants to move to. Push buttons are used to select the floor.
There are total nine dummy floors in our diy lift control system. After selecting the floor lift/elevator
starts to move to the user selected floor. Once the elevator reaches to the user desired floor, It then comes
back to the ground automatically. To select the floor/level there are 8 buttons for each floor/level. 16×2
character lcd is attached with the system which shows the status of the lift and its current presence on the
floor/level. User inputs are also displayed on it. An led bar is connected to the system which depicts the
floor through which the elevator is crossing or is present. Lift Control System using 8051 microcontroller
– Project Circuit 16×2 LCD is connected to Port-2 of 89c51 microcontroller. Led bar is connected to
Port-2 of 89c51 Microcontroller. Lcd display control pins are connected to Port-3 Pin#0,1 & 2.
Microcontroller is working on 11.0592 MHz crystal. Circuit diagram of the lift control project is show
below.

3.2 CONCLUTION
Different microcontroller techniques used for controlling the speed and position of a motors. Out of all
the techniques Microcontroller is one of the easiest techniques for controlling The speed and position of
stepper motor. The speed of the stepper motor is control by changing the delay time of pulses and control
over the position is done by control the number of pulses. As in microcontroller we can change the
control program according to the need with Serial port programming by a personal computer. The
elevator system is used to transports goods and human with the help of the elevator user can go any
desired floor in less time .This is very smooth process and simply controlled. This elevator system is can
be establish in many stores buildings, shopping mall and hospitals. Microcontroller based elevator system
is easily to control.
 REFERENCE

1. www.embetronicx.com

2. www.engineersgarage.com

3. www.slideshar.net

4. www.8051projects.com

5. www.atmega32-var.com

6. www.Keil.com

7. www.microcontroller-project.com/16x2-lcd-working.html.