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A new Aceria species (Acari: Eriophyoidea) on Echinops ritro L. subsp

ruthenicus (M.Bieb.) Nyman (Asteraceae) from Serbia and a supplement to
the original description of Aceria bre...

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Zootaxa 2796: 56–66 (2011) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)

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Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press
Article ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)

A new Aceria species (Acari: Eriophyoidea) on Echinops ritro L. subsp.

ruthenicus (M.Bieb.) Nyman (Asteraceae) from Serbia and a supplement
to the original description of Aceria brevicincta (Nalepa 1898)

BILJANA VIDOVIĆ
Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade –
Zemun, Serbia. E-mail: magud@agrif.bg.ac.rs

Abstract

A new species of eriophyoid mite, Aceria banatica n. sp. inhabiting Echinops ritro L. subsp. ruthenicus (M.Bieb.) Nyman
has been described from Serbia. A comparison of characters between A. banatica n. sp. and Aceria echinopsi Boczek and
Nuzzaci 1988, the only other species known from Echinops sp., is given. A supplementary description of Aceria brev-
icincta (Nalepa 1898) found on Jurinea mollis (L.) Rchb. in Serbia is included along with a comparison of taxonomic char-
acters of this population with previously described specimens from Hungary and the poor original description from
Austria.

Key words: Eriophyoidea, eriophyoid mites, new species, Cardueae

Introduction

The plant genera Echinops and Jurinea belong to the monophyletic tribe Cardueae of the family Asteraceae (Bekir
et al. 2009). Echinops includes about 120 species of plants commonly known as globe thistles. They are native to
Eastern Europe, Central Asia and south of the mountains of tropical Africa (Mabberley 1998). Jurinea is a genus of
about 200 species. Its native distribution specifically involves Central Asia, Iran, Turkey and the Mediterranean
basin (Susanna et al. 2006). Five Echinops species and only Jurinea mollis (L.) Rchb. form part of the flora of Ser-
bia (Gajić 1975).
The taxonomically difficult eriophyoid mite genus Aceria includes over 900 valid species (Amrine et al. 2003).
According to the world catalogue (Amrine and Stasny 1994), Fauna Europaea (de Lillo 2004) and data published
by de Lillo et al. (2003), a total of 23 Aceria species have been recorded on Carduae plants, 8 of which are known
in Serbia (Petanović and Stanković 1999; Petanović et al. 2000). Most of the Aceria spp. inhabiting Carduae plant
taxa are poorly known and described.
From Echinops spp. and Jurinea spp., only two eriophyoid species have been described to date in the world:
Aceria echinopsi Boczek and Nuzzaci 1988 from Echinops sp. and Aceria brevicincta (Nalepa 1898) from Jurinea
mollis.
Aceria echinopsi was described from samples collected in Bu Tuil near Taruna, Libya and has not been
recorded since. This mite species is gall-making and induces subspherical galls with cells inside, along the margins
of leaves. Aceria brevicincta was named as Eriophyes brevicinctus for the first time by Nalepa (1898) from sam-
ples collected in Baden, Austria, and later described and illustrated by the same author (Nalepa 1900). It is also a
gall-making mite and was observed causing such symptoms on leaves. Although the genus Aceria was established
by Keifer (1944), this species was only then reassigned by Farkas (1965). Until now, it has also been recorded in
Hungary (Moesz 1938; Rainiss 1940; Balas 1941 loc.cit. Ripka 2007; Farkas 1965; Farkas 1966), Bosnia and Her-
zegovina (Baudys 1941) and Serbia (Petanović & Stanković 1999). The original description of A. brevicincta by
Nalepa (1898 and 1900) does not correspond to the currently accepted standard for morphometric descriptions as
published by de Lillo et al. (2010). For this reason, the present paper provides a supplementary morphological
description of the species. A new eriophyoid species found on Echinops ritro L. subsp. ruthenicus is also presented.

56 Accepted by D. Knihinicki: 1 Mar. 2011; published: 21 Mar. 2011

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Material and methods

Plant samples of Echinopus ritro subsp. ruthenicus and Jurinea mollis were collected from the Deliblato Sands
(44o51.179’N, 21o06.119’E, Deliblatska peščara, Široka torina) in Serbia. Mites were collected using extraction
methods as described by de Lillo (2001) and Monfreda et al. (2007). Prior to light microscopy, the mites were
cleared in lactic acid for several days at room temperature, mounted in Keifer’s F medium and then examined with
the aid of a phase-contrast microscope (LEICA DMLS). The morphology and nomenclature follows Lindquist
(1996) and systematic classification is based on Amrine et al. (2003). Morphometry was performed using the soft-
ware package IM 1000 (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). The measurements and illustrations of mites were made accord-
ing to Amrine and Manson (1996) and de Lillo et al. (2010). All measurements are given in micrometers (µm) and,
unless stated otherwise, refer to the length of the structure. Each measurement of the holotype precedes the corre-
sponding ranges for paratypes.
Scanning electron micrographs were taken according to the method of Nuzzaci et al. (1976), using scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) JEOL-JSM 6390 at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade. Live mites
were collected individually with a fine entomological needle from fresh plant parts under a stereomicroscope and
placed on the SEM holder.
All materials examined are deposited in the Acarology Collection, Department of Entomology and Agricul-
tural Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia.

Aceria banatica n. sp.

(Figs. 1 & 2)

Female: (n=10). Body wormlike 173 (160–176), 49 (46–53) wide, white in colour. Gnathosoma 18 (16–18),
downcurved, dorsal genual setae (d) 3 (3–5), cheliceral stylets 16 (14–16). Prodorsal shield 26 (25–27), 27 (24–
28) wide. Anterior half triangular, posterior part semi-elliptical without lobe over gnathosoma. Prodorsal shield
tubercles on the rear margin of the shield 16 (15–17) apart, scapular setae (sc) 32 (29–38), projecting posteriorly.
Shield design composed of one median line on rear ¾ of shield; two complete admedian lines; I submedian lines
extending from anterior margin and ending on rear ¼ of shield; II submedian lines slightly mesally curved, ending
almost in the middle of shield; there are numerous dashes between II submedian line and lateral margin of shield.
Legs with all usual segments and setae. Leg I 25 (25–27); femur 5 (5–6), femoral setae (bv) 10 (9–11); genu 4 (4–
5), genual setae (l") 21 (19–22); tibia 5 (4–6), tibial setae (l') 5 (5–7); tarsus 5 (5–7), inner fastigial setae (ft') 16
(15–18), outer fastigial setae (ft") 24 (20–25); solenidion (ω) 9 (8–10), distally rounded; empodium 5 (5–6) and 5
rayed. Leg II 21 (20–23); femur 5 (5–6), femoral setae (bv) 11 (10–12); genu 3 (3–4), genual setae (l") 9 (9–11);
tibia 4; tarsus 5, inner fastigial setae (ft') 6 (4–7), outer fastigial setae (ft") 23 (21–24); solenidion (ω) 9 (9–11), dis-
tally rounded; empodium 5 (4–6) and 5 rayed. Coxigenital area with a pattern of numerous dashes; sternal line 6
(6–7) long; coxal setae (1b) 10 (10–13), 10 (8–10) apart; coxal setae (1a) 16 (15–18), 6 (5–7) apart; coxal setae
(2a) 27 (26–34), 18 (16–18) apart. Genitalia 11 (9–11), 17 (17–20) wide, genital coverflap with 11 (10–11) longi-
tudinal striae in one row; coxal setae (3a) 14 (13–15), 15 (13–15) apart. Opisthosoma with subequal annuli: 75
(70–78) dorsal and 73 (67–73) ventral annuli; 5 (5–6) coxogenital annuli. Annuli with thornlike microtubercles,
posterior ventral annuli with elongated microtubercles. Setae c2 12 (12–17), 44 (39–47) apart, on annulus 11 (10–
13); setae d 36 (30–51), 35 (31–35) apart, on annulus 24 (22–25); setae e 8 (8–10), 18 (17–19) apart, on annulus 41
(37–41); setae f 20 (17–20), 16 (16–19) apart, on annulus 68 (63–68); setae h2 62 (55–72), 10 (10–11) apart; setae
h1 6 (5–6), 7 (6–7) apart.
Male: (n=4). Body wormlike 152 (145–156), 45 (41–45) wide. Gnathosoma 17 (16–17), dorsal genual setae
(d) 4 (3–4), cheliceral stylets 15 (13–15). Prodorsal shield shape and design similar to that of females, 26 (23–26),
24 (23–24) wide. Tubercles of scapular setae (sc) located on rear margin of shield, 17 (15–17) apart, sc 35 (32–40),
projecting posteriorly.
Leg I 26 (24–27); femur 7 (6–7), femoral setae (bv) 11 (10–11); genu 4, genual setae (l") 13 (13–17); tibia 5
(4–5), tibial setae (l’) 5 (5–6); tarsus 6 (5–6), inner fastigial setae (ft') 15 (13–16), outer fastigial setae (ft") 23 (20–
23); solenidion (ω) 9 (9–10), distally rounded; empodium 5 and 5 rayed. Leg II 23 (20–23); femur 6 (5–6), bv 9 (9–
10); genu 4 (3–4), l" 9 (9–11); tibia 3 (3–4); tarsus 5, ft' 7, ft" 22 (21–22); solenidion (ω ) 10, distally rounded;

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FIGURE 1. Aceria banatica n. sp.: CG. coxigenital region of female; CS. lateral view of caudal region; DA. dorsal view of
prodorsal shield; em. empodium; ES. lateral view of annuli; GM. genital region of male; IG. internal female genitalia; L1. leg I
of female; SA. lateral view of anterior region.

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FIGURE 2. SEM photographs of Aceria banatica n. sp.: A. dorsal view of anterior part; B. ventral view of anterior part.

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TABLE 1. Comparison of disposed key morphological characters between Aceria echinopsi Boczek and Nuzzaci 1988 and
Aceria banatica n. sp.
Morphometric Characters Aceria echinopsi Boczek & Nuzzaci 1988 Aceria banatica n. sp.
Length of body 225 (182–230) 173 (160–176)
Width of body 40 49 (46–53)
Length of gnathosoma 18 18 (16–18)
Length of dorsal genual setae (d) 5 3 (3–5)
Length of cheliceral stylets 13 16 (14–16)
Length of prodorsal shield 30 (28–32) 26 (25–27)
Tubercles of sc apart 26 16 (15–17)
Length of setae sc 38 32 (29–38)
Length of leg I 26 25 (25–27)
Length of tibia 4 5 (4–6)
Length of setae ĺ' 10 5 (5–7)
Length of tarsus 8 5 (5–7)
Length of solenidion 10 9 (8–10)
Length of empodium 8 5
Number of rays on tarsal empodium 6 5
Length of leg II 24 23 (20–23)
Length of tibia 4 4
Length of tarsus 7 5
Length of solenidion 10 9 (9–11)
Length of empodium 8 5 (4–6)
Length of setae 1b 18 10 (10–13)
Apart of tubercules 1b 15 10 (8–10)
Length of setae 1a 38 16 (15–18)
Apart of tubercules 1a 10 6 (5–7)
Length of setae 2a 55 27 (26–34)
Apart of tubercules 2a 28 18 (16–18)
Number of opisthosomal annuli 95 (79–97) 75 (70–78) dorsal
73 (67–73) ventral
Length of seta c2 20 15 (13–15)
On annulus 16 11 (10–13)
Length of setae d 45 36 (30–51)
On annulus 35 24 (22–25)
Length of setae e 21 8 (8–10)
On annulus 54 41 (37–41)
Length of setae f 25 20 (17–20)
On annulus 89 68 (63–68)
Length of setae h1 4 6 (5–6)
Length of female genitalia 13 11 (9–11)
Width of female genitalia 25 17 (17–20)
Number of ridges 18–20 11 (10–11)
Length of setae 3a 20 14 (13–15)
Apart of setae 3a 20 15 (13–15)

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empodium 5 and 5 rayed. Coxigenital area similar to female. Coxal setae (1b) 9 (9–13), 9 (8–9) apart; coxal setae
(1a) 10 (10–11), 5 apart; coxal setae (2a) 32 (21–32), 15 (14–16) apart. Genitalia 15 wide, coxal setae (3a) 11 (10–
12), 12 (11–13) apart. Opisthosoma with subequal annuli: 76 (72–76) dorsal annuli, 67 (63–67) ventral annuli, 5
(5–6) coxogenital annuli. Annuli with microtubercles similar to female. Setae c2 15 (13–15), 41 (34–41) apart, on
annulus 11 (10–11); setae d 36 (31–47), 30 (28–31) apart, on annulus 25 (20–25); setae e 8 (8–10), 16 (15–16)
apart, on annulus 38 (34–38); setae f 17 (16–19), 16 (14–16) apart, on annulus 62 (58–62); setae h2 57 (48–62), 10
(9–10) apart; setae h1 5 (4–5), 6 (5–6) apart.
Nymph: (n=1). Body wormlike 130, 32 wide. Gnathosoma 13 long downcurved, dorsal genual setae (d) 2,
cheliceral stylets 14. Prodorsal shield shape and design similar to that of females, 22, 18 wide. Scapular setae (sc)
30, 16 apart directed on the rear divergently. Leg I 18; femur 5, femoral setae (bv) 5; genu 3, genual setae (l") 17;
tibia 3, tibial setae (l') 4; tarsus 4, inner fastigial setae (ft') 13, outer fastigial setae (ft") 17; solenidion (ω) 7, distally
rounded, empodium 5 and 5 rayed. Leg II 18; femur 5, femoral setae (bv) 6; genu 3, genual setae (l") 8; tibia 2; tar-
sus 3, inner fastigial setae (ft') 3, outer fastigial setae (ft") 16; solenidion (ω) 7, distally rounded; empodium 5 and 5
rayed. Coxigenital area. Coxal setae (1b) 7, 9 apart; coxal setae (1a) 8, 3 apart; coxal setae (2a) 29, 14 apart.
Opisthosoma with 69 dorsal annuli, 60 ventral annuli, 9 coxogenital annuli. Setae c2 12, 35 apart, on annulus 11;
setae d 30, 26 apart, on annulus 20; setae e 7, 14 apart, on annulus 30; setae f 11, 12 apart, on annulus 55; setae h2
43, 7 apart; setae h1 4, 5 apart.
Larva. Not found
Type material. Female holotype (slide # 158/2). Male paratype (slide # 158/40) and 12 female paratypes
(slides ## 158/1, 158/3, 158/4, 158/5, 158/6, 158/7, 158/9, 158/11, 158/13, 158/41, 158/42, 158/43); nymph (slide #
158/34). All collected from Echinops ruthenicus (Fisch.) (Asteraceae), Serbia, Deliblato Sands (Deliblatska
peščara, Široka torina, 44o51.179’N, 21o06.119’E), 10 June 2007, coll. R. Petanović.
Additional material. 23 females (slides ## 158/8, 158/10, 158/12, 158/14–33), 3 males (slides ## 158/44–46)
and 2 nymphs (slide # 158/35 and 158/36). Same collection details as the holotype and paratypes; 27 females
(slides ## 290/1–27), 9 males (slides ## 290/28–36), 2 nymphs (slide # 291/37 and 291/38) from the same host and
locality but different date, 22 June 2008.
Etymology. The species name is derived from the name of the geographic region in which the host plant was
found.
Host plant. Echinops ritro L. subspec. ruthenicus (M.Bieb.) Nyman (Asteraceae).
Relation to the host. The mites are vagrants on the lower leaf surfaces. No visible damage was observed.
Differential diagnosis and remarks. Aceria banatica n. sp. is close to Aceria echinopsi Boczek and Nuzzaci
1988, but it can be distinguished by the following meristic and qualitative characters: Number of rays on the tarsal
empodium (A. echinopsi = 6; A. banatica = 5); number of striae on the female genital coverflap (A. echinopsi has
18 to 20; A. banatica has 10 to 11); prodorsal shield design (A. echinopsi has three pairs of submedian lines, while
A. banatica has two pairs of submedian lines). Aceria banatica is generally smaller, with shorter setae. Differing
morphometric characters between A. echinopsi and the new species are presented in Table 1. Besides these charac-
ters, both species have different life-styles: A. echinopsi forms sub-spherical galls with cells inside along the mar-
gins of leaves, whereas A. banatica is a vagrant on the lower leaf surface. The apparent common feature of both
eriophyoid species is the presence of thornlike microtubercles on the dorsal and ventral annuli.

Redescription

Aceria brevicincta (Nalepa, 1898)

(Figs. 3 & 4)

Eriophyes brevicinctus Nalepa, 1898: 35(22):234

Female: (n=10). Body wormlike 147–155, 43-53 wide, white in colour. Gnathosoma 16–22, downcurved. Dorsal
genual setae (d) 4–5 long, cheliceral stylets 16–19 long. Prodorsal shield 23–25 long, 23–26 wide; anterior half
triangular, posterior part semielliptical, with a short lobe over gnathosoma. Prodorsal shield tubercles on rear mar-
gin of the shield 16–18 apart, scapular setae (sc) 47–54 projecting posteriorly. Prodorsal shield design consisting of
one complete median line; two complete admedian lines; I submedian lines on anterior half, parallel to admedian;

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FIGURE 3. Aceria brevicincta (Nalepa, 1898): CG. coxigenital region of female; CS. lateral view of caudal region; DA. dorsal
view of prodorsal shield; em. empodium; ES. lateral view of annuli; GM. genital region of male; IG. internal female genitalia;
L1. leg I of female; SA. lateral view of anterior region.

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FIGURE 4. SEM photographs of Aceria brevicincta female: A. dorsal view of anterior region; B. ventral view of anterior
region.

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II submedian lines slightly mesally curved, approaching to admedian line on rear ¼ of shield; there are numerous
dashes between II submedian line and lateral margin of shield. Legs with all usual segments and setae. Leg I 27–31
femur 7, femoral setae (bv) 8–10; genu 5–6, genual setae (l") 25–29; tibia 5–7, tibial setae (l’) 6–8; tarsus 6–7,
inner fastigial setae (ft’) 10–13, outer fastigial setae (ft") 21–26; solenidion (ω) 8–9, slightly knobbed; empodium
5–6 and 6 rayed. Leg II 23–27; femur 6–7, femoral setae (bv) 9–11; genu 4–5, genual setae (l") 9–11; tibia 4–5; tar-
sus 5–6, inner fastigial setae (ft') 6, outer fastigial setae (ft") 23–26; solenidion (ω) 9–10, slight knobbed; empo-
dium 5–6 and 6 rayed. Coxigenital area. Coxal setae (1b) 9–11, 9–11 apart; coxal setae (1a) 17–22, 6–8 apart;
coxal setae (2a) 40–42, 18–19 apart. Sternal line 4–6. Genitalia 10–12, 18–20 wide, with 14–17 longitudinal striae
in a single row. Coxal setae (3a) 14–17, 14–15 apart. Opisthosoma with subequal annuli, 71–81 dorsal annuli, 71–
80 ventral annuli, 8–9 coxogenital annuli. Annuli with rounded microtubercles, posterior ventral annuli with elon-
gated microtubercles. Setae c2 27–32, 41–50 apart, on annulus 12–14; setae d 55–58, 36–44 apart, on annulus 24–
29; setae e 23–27, 19–23 apart, on annulus 40–45; setae f 18–22, 16–17 apart, on annulus 64–73; setae h2 69–79,
11 apart; setae h1 6–7, 6–8 apart.

TABLE 2. Comparison of measurements of Aceria brevicincta (Nalepa, 1898) females collected in Hungary and Serbia.
Morphometric Characters Hungary Serbia
Length of body 200–230 147–155
Width of body 46 43–53
Length of gnathosoma 18 16–22
Length of prodorsal shield 34 23–25
Tubercles of sc apart 27 16–18
Length of setae sc 36–40 47–54
Length of leg I 42 27–31
Length of tibia 7 5–7
Length of tarsus 8.5 6–7
Length of empodium I 7 5–6
Number of rays on tarsal empodium 5 6
Length of leg II 38 23–27
Length of tibia 6.5 4–5
Length of tarsus 8 5–6
Length of empodium II 7 5–6
Number of opisthosomal annuli 88 71–81
Length of seta c2 30 27–32
Length of setae d 50 55–58
Length of setae e 30 23–27
Length of setae f 25 18–22
Length of setae h1 7 6–7
Length of setae h2 70 69–79
Width of female genitalia 30–34 18–20
Length of setae 3a 17 14–17

Male (n=3). Body wormlike 148–155, 43–45 wide. Gnathosoma 18, dorsal genual setae (d) 4–5 long, chelic-
eral stylets 15–17. Prodorsal shield shape and design similar to female, 22–23, 23–25 wide. Tubercles of scapular
setae (sc) located on rear margin of shield, 16–17 apart, sc 39–45 long, projecting posteriorly. Leg I 28; femur 6–7,
femoral setae (bv) 7–8; genu 4–5, genual setae (l") 25–27; tibia 6–7, tibial setae (l') 6–7; tarsus 5–6, inner fastigial
setae (ft') 12–14, outer fastigial setae (ft") 21–23; solenidion (ω) 8–9, slightly knob; empodium 5 and 6 rayed. Leg
II 22–24; femur 6–7, femoral setae (bv) 7–8; genu 4, genual setae (l") 11–12; tibia 4–5; tarsus 5–6, inner fastigial
setae (ft') 5, outer fastigial setae (ft") 24–25; solenidion (ω) 8–9, slightly knob; empodium 5 and 6 rayed. Coxigeni-

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tal area. Coxal setae (1b) 8–10, 8–9 apart; coxal setae (1a) 12–15, 7 apart; coxal setae (2a) 31–33, 15–16 apart.
Sternal line 5. Genitalia 16–19 wide, coxal setae (3a) 11–12, 13–14 apart. Opisthosoma with subequal annuli: 72–
77 dorsal annuli, 69–72 ventral annuli, 8–9 coxogenital annuli. Annuli with microtubercles similar to that of
females. Setae c2 23–25, 34–42 apart on annulus 12– 13; setae d 45–53, 33–35 apart on annulus 24; setae e 16–18,
18–19 apart on annulus 40–45; setae f 17–19, 12–13 apart on annulus 65–67; setae h2 60–66, 10–11 apart; setae h1
6–7, 6 apart.
Nymph and larva. Not found
Material examined. 10 females (slides ## 157/1,157/4, 157/5, 157/6, 157/9, 157/13, 157/14, 157/16, 157/56
and157/57), 3 males (slides ## 157/51, 157/52 and 157/54) collected from Jurinea mollis (L.)Rchb. (Asteraceae),
Serbia, Deliblato Sands (Deliblatska peščara, Široka torina, 44o51.179’N, 21o06.119’E), 10 June 2007 coll. R.
Petanović; 40 females (slides ## 157/2, 3, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 17–38, 50,59–66), 2 males (slides ## 157/53 and
157/55), the same collection details as previous; 26 females (slides ## 291/1–26), 5 males (slides ## 291/27–31)
the same host, locality and collector on 22 June 2008.
Host plant. Jurinea mollis (L.)Rchb. (Asteraceae)
Relation to host. Vagrant on the lower leaf surfaces causing no visible damage.
Remarks. A comparison of A. brevicincta from Serbia with the original description by Nalepa (1898, 1900), is
difficult because only 4 meristic and 2 morphometric characters of the female were presented. Females of A. brev-
icincta from Serbia are shorter and slightly wider than those from Austria. They also have 6-rayed empodia (5-
rayed in the Austrian population), with sc setae that are twice as long. The female coverflap is not as wide and the
annuli are slightly less numerous. There is a more detailed description of A. brevicincta from Hungary by Farkas
(1965, 1966). Females of A. brevicincta from Serbia are significantly smaller than specimens from Hungary. They
also have a shorter prodorsal shield and the distance between the sc tubercles is less along with having shorter sc
setae. The empodia in the population from Serbia are 6-rayed (5-rayed in the Hungarian population), with shorter
legs and a narrower female coverflap. The annuli are also slightly fewer (Table 2).

Acknowledgements

The author is grateful to Dr. Vladimir Stevanović, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, for the identification
of plant species; Dr. Radmila Petanović for collecting the mites and critically reviewing the manuscript and Mrs.
Dragica Smiljanić for the technical illustrations. The author would also like to thank the two referees for their help-
ful suggestions on an earlier draft. The study was supported by the Serbian Ministry of Science and Environment
Protection (Grant # III 43001)

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