SP 204 en W05 MDN 003 Manual Design Instr - Thermowell Calculation

PT ADHI KARYA (Persero) Tbk.
SP 204 EN W05 MDN 003

MANUAL DESIGN INSTR. THERMOWELL CALCULATION
Rev 0
INSTRUMENT ENGINEERING
Originator Checker Reviewer Approver
Lead Discipline Manager Biro
Tittle Discipline Engineer Specialist
Engineer Engineering & BIM
Signed /
Name
Anton Hidayat Much. Hishom Moh. Makhrus Rakhmad Sugih

Ariadi Hartono
PT ADHI KARYA
Scope Support Proses
MANUAL DESIGN Document No.
Revision 0 INSTR. THERMOWELL
Effective date 30-07-2021 SP 204 EN W05 MDN 003
Review date As per update
CALCULATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................... 4
2. SCOPE OF WORK ........................................................................................................ 4
3. REFERENCE DOCUMENT ............................................................................................. 4
4. DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................. 4
5. THERMOWELL VIBRATION.......................................................................................... 5
6. DESIGN EQUATION, CALCULATION & SIZING .............................................................. 6
6.1 Calculation Method ............................................................................................. 6
6.2 Dimensional Limits .............................................................................................. 6
6.3 Unsupported Length ........................................................................................... 7
6.4 Frequency Limits ................................................................................................. 7
6.5 Low Fluid Velocities............................................................................................. 7
6.6 Frequency Limit................................................................................................... 8
6.6.1 Natural Frequency with Ideal Clamping ........................................................ 8
6.6.2 Wake or Strouthal Frequency ....................................................................... 9
6.6.3 Frequency analysis (Frequency Ratio) ........................................................... 9
6.7 Pressure Stress .................................................................................................. 10
6.7.1 Pressure Limit ............................................................................................ 10
6.7.2 Pressure Stress Safety Factor ...................................................................... 10
6.8 Stress Analysis. ................................................................................................. 10
6.8.1 Calculate Strouhal Number. ........................................................................ 10
6.8.2 Approximate Resonance Frequency of Thermowell..................................... 11
6.8.3 Frequency Factor to Account for Shear, Rotation, Taper and Tip-Mass Effects
11
6.8.4 Fluid Mass Correction ................................................................................. 11
6.8.5 Factor to Account for Added Sensor Mass ................................................... 12
6.8.6 Natural Frequency with Ideal Clamping ...................................................... 12
6.8.7 Frequency Factor to Account for Support or Foundation Compliance .......... 12
6.8.8 Resonance Frequency of Thermowell with Compliant Support .................... 13
6.8.9 Cyclic Drag Stress at The Root ..................................................................... 13
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6.8.10 Dynamic Drag and Lift Stress at the root ..................................................... 13

6.8.11 Magnification Factor in Case of Transverse Lift Resonance .......................... 14
6.8.12 Temperature De-Rating Factor.................................................................... 15
6.9 Steady State Stress Analysis .............................................................................. 15
6.9.1 Steady State Stress Limits ........................................................................... 15
6.9.2 Steady State Stress at Design Velocity......................................................... 15
6.9.3 Steady State Stress Safety Factor ................................................................ 17
6.10 Dynamic Stress Analysis .................................................................................... 17
6.10.1 Dynamic Stress Limits ................................................................................. 17
6.10.2 Dynamic Stress Limits at Design Velocity .................................................... 17
6.10.3 Dynamic Stress Safety Factor ...................................................................... 19
6.11 Cyclic Stress at In-Line Resonance Analysis ........................................................ 19
6.11.1 Fluid Velocity That Excites the In-Line Resonance........................................ 19
6.11.2 Cyclic Stress at In-Line Resonance ............................................................... 19
6.11.3 Fatigue Stress Safety Factor ........................................................................ 20
7. SOFTWARE............................................................................................................... 21
7.1 Calculation Form ............................................................................................... 21
8. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................... 24
APPENDIX A.1 – VALUES OF 𝑲𝒇 REFER TO WELL LENGTH
APPENDIX A.2 – STRESS CONSTANT
APPENDIX B – MATERIAL MODULUS of ELASTICITY
APPENDIX C – ALLOWABLE STRESS MATERIAL
APPENDIX D. – MATERIAL ENDURANCE LIMIT and MOUNTING CODES
APPENDIX E. – MATERIAL DENSITY
ATTACHMENT 1. – THERMOWELL VELOCITY CALCULATION FORM
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1. INTRODUCTION
This manual design for Instrument Thermowell Calculation is part of “Dokumen
Kesisteman” within Biro Engineering and BIM as a tool to maintain quality control and
quality assurance of engineering documents and intended for a guidance to Adhi Karya’s
instrument engineer who will prepare the Instrument Thermowell Calculation during
Proposal and Project Phase. This document will be reviewed regularly and will be improved
according to Adhi Karya business strategy.
2. SCOPE OF WORK
The objective of this document or procedure is to compile the preliminary sizing,
calculation and selection used for the design and engineering requirements for Instrument
Thermowell Calculation. The procedure for this document limited to calculation with
reference ASME B31.1 Power Piping and assumed that the thermowell material are using
Stainless Steel 316 (SS316).
3. REFERENCE DOCUMENT
The requirements contained in the latest editions of the following publications shall be a
part of this procedure / manual.
The reference document that shall be part of this manual / procedure as follows:
ASME PTC 19.3 Performance Test Code: Temperature
Measurement
ASME 16.5 Pipe Flanges and Fanged Fittings
4. DESCRIPTION
This manual consists of guidance and attachment to prepare Manual Design for
Instrument Thermowell Calculation which have to be prepared during Proposal phase and
Project execution as part of Instrument discipline’s deliverables.
Guidance to fill in the Manual Design for Instrument Thermowell Calculation forms as
shown in the attachments is described in the section 7.
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5. THERMOWELL VIBRATION
When fluid flows past a thermowell, the change in fluid momentum creates a turbulent
wake behind the well.
Vortices form in this wake, and shed from alternate sides of the well. The vortex shedding
frequency (or Wake frequency) is linear with flow velocity and inversely proportional to
thermowell tip diameter. These shedding vortices impose on the thermowell, a periodic
force comprising two components:
 a lift force, normal to direction of flow, oscillating at the wake frequency, and
 a smaller drag force, parallel to flow, oscillating at twice the wake frequency.
These vortex-induced forces, which cause thermowell vibration, are normally small with
the magnitude of the vibrations generally negligible
However, as the wake frequency (fw) approaches the natural frequency (fn) of the
thermowell (within 20%), it can shift and lock-in to the natural frequency.
When fw = fn, the thermowell goes into resonance, and vibrating forces increase rapidly.
The resultant vibrations can cause mechanical failure of the well.
The Murdock calculations (and companion ASME PTC 19.3) consider only the oscillating
lift force as the cause of thermowell vibration. The ratio of wake to natural frequency is
restricted to a maximum of 0.8 to eliminate the possibility of resonance.
Although the oscillating drag force is small, it can force the thermowell into resonance at
lower velocities because it occurs at twice the wake frequency.
For high-density fluids (liquids and high-pressure steam), the Murdock analysis is not
adequate. When the oscillating drag component is included, the velocity rating can be
reduced by up to 50%.
The calculations included herein are modified to include in-line resonance due to the
oscillating drag force, correction for the magnification ratio and use of the actual natural
frequency of the well rather than the estimated value.
The results of these calculations should only be used as a guide in the selection of the
correct thermowell. Other variables, like corrosion, should be evaluated and influence the
decision.
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6. DESIGN EQUATION, CALCULATION & SIZING

6.1 Calculation Method
The calculation described herein is based on ASME PTC 19.3
The ASME PTC 19.3 based calculation is performed using British system unit. The final
result will be converted into SI unit.
ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2010 is divided into dynamic and static calculation results.
6.2 Dimensional Limits
Typical arrangement of the thermowell is presented below:
Where:
L : Unsupported Length
d : Bore Diameter
B : Tip Diameter
A : Shank Diameter
(B-d)/2 : Min Wall Thickness
B/A : Taper Ratio
d/B : Bore Ratio
L/B : Aspect Ratio
Ls/L : Length Ratio
Below are several limitations for thermowell wake frequency calculation
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Tapered/Straight Reduced-Tip
Dimension
Min Max Min Max
Unsupported Length L 2.5 24 5 24
Bore Diameter d 0.26 0.26
Tip Diameter B 0.36 1.83 0.50 0.88
Shank Diameter A 0.63 1.50
Min Wall Thickness (B-d)/2 0.12 0.12
Taper Ratio B/A 0.58 1.00
Bore Ratio d/B 0.16 0.71 0.16 0.71
Aspect Ratio L/B 2.00
Length Ratio Ls/L 0 0.60
Table 6.2.1 limitation of thermowell calculation
6.3 Unsupported Length

Flanged (& Van-Stone) = Immersion length
Threaded = Immersion length (factor added by
the calculation)
Socket-Weld & Weld-In = Distance from weld point (if in
doubt, use OAL)
6.4 Frequency Limits
In cases where the thermowell passes the cyclic stress condition for operation at the
in-line resonance condition, care shall still be taken that in steady state the flow
condition will not coincide with the thermowell resonance. The steady-state fluid
velocity should meet one of the following conditions:
fs(s-s) < 0.4fn or 0.6fn < fs(s-s) < 0.8fn …… (eq. 6-4-1)
6.5 Low Fluid Velocities

At very low fluid velocities, the risk or thermowell failure is greatly reduced. The
calculations of natural frequency and frequency limits, steady-state stress and
oscillating stress do not need to be performed if the following criteria are met:
V < 2.1 fps B ≥ 0.5"
A-d ≥ 0.376" S ≥ 10 ksi
L ≤ 24" Sf ≥ 3 ksi
A ≥ 0.5" Not subject to stress corrosion
Table 6.5.1 criteria that do not need to performed calculation
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Where:
V = Fluid velocity, (fps)
A = Shank diameter, (inch)
d = Bore diameter, (inch)
L = Unsupported length, (inch)
B = Tip diameter, (inch)
S = Maximum allowable working stress, (ksi)
Sf = Allowable fatigue endurance limit, (ksi)
Table 6.5.2 Allowable Fatigue-Stress Amplitude Limits for Material Class A and Class B
GENERAL NOTES:
(a) Class A is carbon, low-alloy, series 4XX, and high-alloy steels not covered in class B.
(b) Class B is series 3XX high-alloy steels, nickel–chromium–iron alloy, nickel–iron–chromium alloy, and
nickel–copper alloys.
NOTES:
(1) Location of maximum stress coincides with either a welded joint or associated heat-affected zone
[e.g., a weld-in thermowell]
(2) Location of maximum stress coincides with either a welded joint or associated heat-affected zone,
which has been machined to a smooth surface subsequent to welding [e.g., a flanged thermowell]. The
welded joint must be a full-penetration weld, and visual and magnetic-particle or liquid-dye-penetrant
examination is required after machining. In the absence of full-penetration welds and/or weld
inspection, “as welded” values for Sf should be used.
(3) Location of maximum stress is a smooth, machined surface and does not coincide with either welded
joint or associated heat-affected zone (e.g., a lap-joint thermowell).
6.6 Frequency Limit

6.6.1 Natural Frequency with Ideal Clamping
The natural frequency is calculated with respect to the following formula:
𝑓 = ….. (eq.6-6-1-1)
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where:
𝑓 = Natural frequency of the well [Hz]
L = Length of well [inch], (refer to appendix A1)
E = Modulus of elasticity of well material [psi], See Appendix B
 = Specific weight of well material [lb/in3]
𝐾 = A constant, (refer to appendix A1)
6.6.2 Wake or Strouthal Frequency

The wake or Strouhal frequency is given by:
𝑓 = 2.64 ….. (eq.6-6-2-1)
where:
𝑓 = Wake frequency of the well [Hz]
V = Fluid velocity [fps]
T = Diameter at tip [inch]
6.6.3 Frequency analysis (Frequency Ratio)

The ratio of wake to natural frequency shall not exceed 0.4 (𝑓 /𝑓  0.4) for Liquid
Properties, and 0.6𝑓 < 𝑓 < 0.8𝑓 for steam properties. Frequency ratio is given by
the following formula
𝒇𝒔 /𝒇𝒏 ….. (eq.6-6-3-1)
When this condition is met, then the Magnification Factor, the relationship
between the dynamic to static amplitude, is given by the following formula:
𝐹 = ….. (eq. 6-6-3-2)
𝑓 = Wake frequency of the well [Hz] … (eq. 6-6-2-1)
𝑓 = Natural frequency of the well [Hz] … (eq. 6-6-1-1)
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6.7 Pressure Stress

6.7.1 Pressure Limit
The maximum pressure that a thermowell can withstand for a given material at a
given temperature shall be computed using the given formula:
𝑃 = 𝐾 𝑆 …... (eq. 6-7-1-1)
where:
P = maximum allowable static gage pressure, psi
SA = allowable stress for material at operating temperature.
The following pressure is limited within (less than) 103MPa and

the thermowell material using stainless steel 316 (SS316), see
Appendix C
𝐾 = a stress constant, See appendix A2
The maximum operating pressure faced by the thermowell shall not exceed the
maximum allowable static gage pressure.
6.7.2 Pressure Stress Safety Factor
Safety Factor are determined by Maximum Operating Pressure divided with
Pressure Limit Value. Safety factor shall be greater than one (1).
6.8 Stress Analysis.
6.8.1 Calculate Strouhal Number.
𝑁 = ….. (eq. 6-8-1-1)
Where:
B = tip diameter of thermowell, m (in.)
𝑓 = wake frequency of the well [Hz] …. (eq.6-6-2-1)
V = fluid velocity [fps]
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6.8.2 Approximate Resonance Frequency of Thermowell
….. (eq. 6-8-2-1)
Where:
E = the elastic modulus at the operating temperature, see Appendix B
I =  (Da4 – d4)/64, which is the second moment of inertia
L = unsupported length of the thermowell
m = m (Da2 – d2)/4 is the mass per unit length of the thermowell
6.8.3 Frequency Factor to Account for Shear, Rotation, Taper and Tip-Mass Effects
….. (eq. 6-8-3-1)
Where:
A = root diameter, m (in.)
d = bore diameter of thermowell, m (in.)
Da = average diameter of the thermowell, m (in.) where the equation for
this value is from (A + B)/2
L = unsupported length of thermowell, measured
6.8.4 Fluid Mass Correction
….. (eq. 6-8-4-1)
Where:
ρ = fluid density, kg/m3 (lb/in3)
ρm = mass density of the thermowell material, kg/m3 (lb/in3), see appendix
E
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6.8.5 Factor to Account for Added Sensor Mass
….. (eq. 6-8-5-1)
Where:
ρs = average density of the temperature sensor, kg/m3 (lb/in3)
ρm = mass density of the thermowell material, kg/m3 (lb/in3), see appendix
E
Da = average diameter of the thermowell, m (in.) where the equation for
this value is from (A + B)/2
6.8.6 Natural Frequency with Ideal Clamping
….. (eq. 6-8-6-1)
Where:
Hf = frequency factor to account for shear, rotation, taper, and tip-mass
effects, dimensionless …. (eq. 6-8-3-1)
Ha,f = factor to account for added fluid mass, dimensionless ….. (eq. 6-8-4-1)
Ha,s = factor to account for added sensor mass, dimensionless …. (eq. 6-8-5-
1)
𝑓 = approximate resonance frequency of thermowell, Hz …. (eq. 6-8-2-1)
6.8.7 Frequency Factor to Account for Support or Foundation Compliance
….. (eq. 6-8-7-1)
Where:
A = root diameter, m (in.)
b = fillet radius at the root of the thermowell shank, m (in.)
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6.8.8 Resonance Frequency of Thermowell with Compliant Support
….. (eq. 6-8-8-1)
Where:
Hc = frequency factor to account for support or foundation compliance,
dimensionless …. (eq. 6-8-7-1)
𝑓 = natural frequency with ideal clamping, Hz …. (eq. 6-8-6-1)
6.8.9 Cyclic Drag Stress at The Root
….. (eq. 6-8-9-1)
Where:
GSP = cyclic drag stress at the root. parameter G appropriate for evaluation
of stress at the support point, dimensionless
A = root Diameter, m (in.)
6.8.10 Dynamic Drag and Lift Stress at the root

Drag Force Equation,
….. (eq. 6-8-10-1)
Where:
Pd = oscillating-drag force per unit of projected area on thermowell, Pa
(psi)
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Cd = coefficient for oscillating-drag (in-line with flow) pressure,

Lift Force Equation,
….. (eq. 6-8-10-2)
Where:
Pl = oscillating-drag force per unit of projected area on thermowell, Pa
(psi)
Cl = coefficient for oscillating-drag (transverse with flow) pressure,
dimensionless.
For design purposes, coefficients for conventional-drag, oscillating-drag, and

oscillating-lift pressures shall be
….. (eq. 6-8-10-3)
6.8.11 Magnification Factor in Case of Transverse Lift Resonance
….. (eq. 6-8-11-1)
Where
….. (eq. 6-8-11-2)
FM = magnification factor for thermowell oscillations transverse to fluid

flow, dimensionless
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r = ratio of shedding frequency to natural frequency, dimensionless (lift

resonance)
fs = wake or strouthal Frequency …. (eq.6-6-2-1)
𝑓 = resonance frequency of thermowell with compliant support…. (eq. 6-
8-8-1)
6.8.12 Temperature De-Rating Factor
….. (eq. 6-8-12-1)
Where:
Eref = reference value of modulus of elasticity, Pa (psi),
For material class A (see Table 6.5.2), Eref equals 202 GPa (29.3 x 106
psi), except for the low-Cr alloys, for which Eref equals 213 GPa (30.9 x
106 psi). For material class B (see Table 6.5.2), Eref equals195 GPa (28.3
x 106 psi), except for the nickel–copper alloys, for which Eref equals 179
GPa (26.0 x 106 psi).
E(T) = modulus of elasticity at service temperature, Pa [psi or lb/(in.·sec2)],
See Appendix B
6.9 Steady State Stress Analysis

6.9.1 Steady State Stress Limits
Stress limits depends on the material characteristics. allowable stress for material
at operating temperature as given on the following standard.
6.9.2 Steady State Stress at Design Velocity
6.9.2.1 Left Hand Side (LHS) Von Mises Criteria (Steady State Stress @ Design Velocity)
Calculate Left Hand Side (LHS) Von Mises Criteria (steady state stress @ Design
Velocity)
….. (eq. 6-9-2-1-1)
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Where:
Smax = maximum stress …. (eq. 6-9-2-4-1)
Sr = radial stresses due to external pressure …. (eq. 6-9-2-2-1)
St = tangential stresses due to external pressure …. (eq. 6-9-2-3-1)
6.9.2.2 Radial Stresses Due to External Pressure
….. (eq. 6-9-2-2-1)
Where
P = Operating Pressure
6.9.2.3 Tangential Stresses Due to External Pressure
….. (eq. 6-9-2-3-1)
Where:
A = Root Diameter, m (in.)
6.9.2.4 Calculate Maximum Stress Material Using Below
….. (eq. 6-9-2-4-1)
Where:
SD = steady-state stress due to the drag force …. (eq. 6-9-2-6-1)
Sa = axial stresses due to the external pressure …. (eq. 6-9-2-5-1)
6.9.2.5 Axial Stresses Due to The External Pressure
….. (eq. 6-9-2-5-1)
Where:
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6.9.2.6 Steady-State Stress Due to Drag Force
….. (eq. 6-9-2-6-1)
Where:
GSP = cyclic drag stress at the root …. (eq. 6-8-9-1)
PD = force per unit area due to cyclic drag …. (eq. 6-8-10-1)
6.9.3 Steady State Stress Safety Factor

Safety Factor are determined by The Von Mises stress not exceed the stress limit,
then the steady state stress can be judge passes the steady-state stress criterion.
6.10 Dynamic Stress Analysis
6.10.1 Dynamic Stress Limits
Stress limits depends on the material characteristics. allowable stress for material
at operating temperature as given on the following standard.
6.10.2 Dynamic Stress Limits at Design Velocity

6.10.2.1 The Cyclic Stresses Due to Drag Condition
….. (eq.6-10-2-1-1)
Where
Sd = oscillating-drag stress due to fluid impingement, Pa (psi)
GSP = parameter G appropriate for evaluation of stress at the support point,
flow, dimensionless …. (eq. 6-6-3-2)
(psi) …. (eq. 6-8-10-1)
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6.10.2.2 The Cyclic Stresses Due to Lift Condition
….. (eq.6-10-2-2-1)
Where
Sl = oscillating-lift stress due to fluid impingement, Pa (psi)
GSP = parameter G appropriate for evaluation of stress at the support point,
flow, dimensionless …. (eq. 6-6-3-2)
Pl = oscillating-lift force per unit of projected area on thermowell, Pa (psi)
…. (eq. 6-8-10-2)
6.10.2.3 Evaluate Combined Drag and Lift Stresses
….. (eq. 6-10-2-3-1)
Where:
Kt = stress concentration factor, dimensionless …. (eq. 6-10-2-3-2)
Sd = oscillating-drag stress due to fluid impingement, Pa (psi) …. (eq.6-10-2-
1-1)
Sl = oscillating-lift stress due to fluid impingement, Pa (psi) …. (eq.6-10-2-1-
2)
….. (eq. 6-10-2-3-2)
Where:
b = fillet radius at the root of the thermowell shank, m (in.)
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6.10.3 Dynamic Stress Safety Factor

The predicted stress (drag and lift stresses) shall below the fatigue stress limit, and
the thermowell can be judge passes the dynamic stress criterion
6.11 Cyclic Stress at In-Line Resonance Analysis
6.11.1 Fluid Velocity That Excites the In-Line Resonance
….. (eq. 6-11-1-1)
Where:
𝑓 = resonance frequency of thermowell with compliant support, Hz …. (eq.
6-8-8-1)
NS = strouhal number, dimensionless …. (eq. 6-8-1-1)
6.11.2 Cyclic Stress at In-Line Resonance

6.11.2.1 Force Per Unit Area Due to Cyclic Drag (For Cyclic Stress at The In-Line
Resonance)
….. (eq. 6-11-2-1-1)
Where:
(psi)
Cd = coefficient for oscillating-drag (in-line with flow) pressure,
VIR = Fluid Velocity That Excites the In-Line Resonance …. (eq. 6-8-9-1)
6.11.2.2 Evaluate Combined Drag and Lift Stresses

with lift stress set to zero
….. (eq. 6-11-2-2-1)
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Where
Kt = stress concentration factor, dimensionless …. (eq. 6-10-2-3-2)
Sd = oscillating-drag stress due to fluid impingement, Pa (psi) …. (eq.6-10-2-
1-1)
VIR = fluid velocity that excites the in-line resonance, m/s (in./sec) …. (eq. 6-
8-9-1)
6.11.2.3 Magnification Factor in Case of In-Line Resonance
where …. (eq. 6-11-2-3-1)
Where:
F’M = magnification factor for thermowell oscillations in-line to fluid flow,
dimensionless
r' = ratio of shedding frequency to natural frequency, dimensionless (in-
line resonance)
𝑓 = Wake or Strouthal Frequency …. (eq.6-6-2-1)
𝑓 = Resonance Frequency of Thermowell with Compliant Support …. (eq.
6-8-8-1)
6.11.2.4 Fatigue Stress Limit
….. (eq. 6-11-2-4-1)
Where
Sf = fatigue endurance limit, in the high-cycle limit, Pa (psi), see appendix D
FT = temperature correction factor. ….. (eq. 6-8-12-1)
FE = environmental factor (<1). Refer to ASME B31.1, Power Piping,
Appendices IV and V provide guidance on corrosion control and piping
corrosion
6.11.3 Fatigue Stress Safety Factor
…… (eq. 6-11-3-1)
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The fatigue stress limit shall less than the combined stress.
The thermowell would not pass the cyclic stress condition for steady state
operation at the in-line resonance (corresponding to a fluid velocity), If the vortex
shedding frequency fs had been greater than 0.4 fcn
7. SOFTWARE
Thermowell Velocity Calculations TW-2010 Ver. 1.4 (Beta), was used to perform the
Wake Frequency Calculation. These calculations are performed in accordance with
PTC 19.3 TW-2010. The results should only be used as a guide for thermowell selection.
Thermo-Kinetics assumes no responsibility for failure of a thermowell based on the
results of these calculations, and accepts no liability directly or consequential arising
from error or misinformation supplied herein, or due to program miss use.
7.1 Calculation Form
The ASME PTC 19.3 based calculation is performed using British system unit. The final
result shall be converted into SI unit
1) Fill the company
2) Fill the project no.
3) Fill the reference (if any)
4) Fill thermowell tag no.
5) Fill date of calculation
6) Fill revision number
7) State the fluid type as per process data information. Option of fluid data is WATER,
GAS, LIQUID or STEAM WATER
8) Fill the operating temperature as per process data information
9) Fill the operating pressure as per process data information
10) Fill the fluid velocity based on process data information or velocity can be calculate
from flowrate & Pipe ID data
11) Fill density as per process data information
12) Fill viscosity (dynamic) as per process data information. Dynamic viscosity can be
calculated by
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Dynamic (cP) / Density = Kinematic (cSt) …. (eq.6-13-1)
and
Kinematic (cSt) x Density = Dynamic (cP) …. (eq. 6-13-2)
13) Fill the well data mounting type. Thermowell mounting option such as THREADED,
FLANGED, SOCKET WELD, VAN STONE or WELD IN
14) Fill the well data shank type. Thermowell shank type such as TAPPERED, STRAIGHT
or TAP IN
15) Fill the unsupported length (L)
16) Fill root diameter (A)
17) Fill tip diameter (B)
18) Fill bore diameter (d)
19) Fill fillet radius at root (b)
20) Fill minimum tip thickness (t)
21) Fill shielded length (Lo)
22) Fill length of red tip (Ls). Red tip length required refer to well mounting and shank
type. See table 6.8.1 for data requirements
23) Fill fillet radius at step (bs). Fillet radius at step length required refer to well
mounting and shank type. See table 6.8.1 for data requirements
24) Fill flange rating (Pf). Flange rating shall be filled refer to well mounting and shank
type. See table 6.8.1 for data requirements
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Well type Required Values Well type Required Values

Fillet Fillet
Mounting Shank Length of Flange Mounting Shank Length of Flange
Radius at Radius at
Type Type Red Tip Rating Type Type Red Tip Rating
Step Step
TAPPERED TAPPERED V
THREADED STRAIGHT VAN STONE STRAIGHT V
RED TIP V V RED TIP V V V
TAPPERED V TAPPERED
FLANGED STRAIGHT V WELD IN STRAIGHT
RED TIP V V V RED TIP V V
TAPPERED
SOCKET WELD STRAIGHT
RED TIP V V
Table 6.13.1 well mounting and shank type additional data requirements
25) Mouting code are filled automatically based on thermowell mounting and shank
type.
26) Select material code, see table 6.8.2 for detail material code
Material Code Material Code

C.Stl 105 Hast C-22 HSC-22
HR160 160 Hast C-276 HSC-276
304 SS 304 Hast C-4 HSC-4
310 SS 310 Hast X HSX
316 SS 316 Inconel INC
321 SS 321 Monel MON
446 SS 446 Nickel NIK
F22 SS F22 Titanium TIT
Hast B-3 HSB-3
Table 6.13.2 material code on WFC calculation form
27) Fill material modulus elasticity (refer to appendix B)

28) Fill material allowable stress (refer to appendix C)
29) Fill material fatigue stress limit (refer to appendix D)
30) Fill well density material (refer to appendix E)
Page 23 from 24
PT ADHI KARYA
CALCULATION
8. CONCLUSION
a) The tip of the thermowell is located in between the first one-third and second one-
third of the flow line diameter. Initially the minimum tip diameter is used.
b) When using the minimum tip diameter, the calculation result is not satisfactory,
the tip diameter is increased. However, the tip diameter shall not exceed the
thermowell diameter at stub-flange (shank diameter).
c) If increasing the tip diameter still bring to unsatisfied result in frequency or stress
constrain, the process connection will be increased to accommodate minimum
required length of thermowell.
d) The thermowell standard material is SS 316L. Monel is recommended for seawater
services. Other materials may have to be selected subject to the relevant piping
class.
e) The cover flange shall always meet the relevant piping material requirements for
material selection and dimension.
f) Thermowell shall be made in conformity with the ASME PTC 19.3 calculations.
Frequency and stress analysis calculations shall be supplied by the Manufacturer.
Thermowell shall be sized for process maximum velocities considering all operating
modes including steady state, inrush and any future operating conditions.
g) The maximum velocity limit of the designed thermowell shall be captured on the
thermowell data sheet by the thermowell Manufacturer.
h) For pipe 4 inches or less, either an increase in pipe diameter to 4 inches shall be
made (expander and reducer), or the thermowell shall be mounted in a T which
replaces a pipe elbow.
i) The tip of the immersed well shall be located in the second third of the flowline
diameter
Page 24 from 24
PT ADHI KARYA
CALCULATION
APPENDIX
PT ADHI KARYA
Revision 0
Effective date 30-07-2021 INSTR. THERMOWELL CALCULATION SP 204 EN W05 MDN 003
APPENDIX A.1 – VALUES OF 𝑲𝒇 REFER TO WELL LENGTH
Well Length L, in. 𝑲𝒇

2-1/2 2.06
4-1/2 2.07
7-1/2 2.08
10-1/2 2.09
16 2.09
24 2.09
APPENDIX A.2 – STRESS CONSTANT
Stress Constant
K1 0.412
K2 37.5
K3 0.116
PT ADHI KARYA
Revision 0
APPENDIX B – MATERIAL MODULUS of ELASTICITY
MODULUS of ELASTICITY (x 106 psi)

Temperature - °F
Material UNS# Code
1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 70 -100
316 SS S31600 316 13 18.1 19.2 20.2 21.2 22.1 22.8 23.5 24.1 24.8 25.3 25.8 26.5 27 27.6 28.3 29.1
PT ADHI KARYA
Revision 0
APPENDIX C – ALLOWABLE STRESS MATERIAL
ALLOWABLE STRESS (x 103 psi)

Temperature - °F
Material UNS# Code
1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 70
316 SS S31600 316 13 1.3 2.3 4.1 7.4 12.4 15.3 15.6 15.9 16.3 17.0 18.0 19.3 20.0 20.0 20.0
PT ADHI KARYA
CALCULATION
APPENDIX D. – MATERIAL ENDURANCE LIMIT and MOUNTING CODES
FATIGUE ENDURANCE LIMIT (ksi)

Thermowell Type
Material UNS# Code
T F S V W
316 SS S31600 316 13 5.4 9.1 5.4 13.6 5.4
PT ADHI KARYA
CALCULATION
APPENDIX E. – MATERIAL DENSITY
SPECIFIC WEIGHT (lb/in3)

Temperature - °F
Material Code
1500 1300 1100 900 700 70
316 SS 316 13 0.281 0.283 0.284 0.285 0.286 0.29
PT ADHI KARYA
CALCULATION
ATTACHMENT
PT ADHI KARYA
CALCULATION
ATTACHMENT 1. – THERMOWELL VELOCITY CALCULATION FORM

Thermowell Velocity Calculations
TW-2010 Ver. 1.4 (Beta)
Company: (1) Tag No: (4)

Project No: (2) Date: (5)
Reference: (3) Rev: (6)
L
b
t
PROCESS DATA FREQUENCY LIMIT

(7) Fluid W Natural Frequency (fn) 523 Hz
(8) Operating Temperature T °F Wake Frequency (fs) 42 Hz
(9) Operarating Pressure P psi Frequency Ratio (fs/fn) 0.08
(10) Fluid Velocity * V ft/s Frequency Criteria fs < 0.4 • fn
(11) Density  lb/f t³ Wake Frequency Limit 209 Hz PASS
(12) Viscosity (Dynamic) µ lb/f t-s x 10-6
(Dynamic = Kinematic x Density)
* Velocity can be calc f rom Flow Rate & Pipe ID PRESSURE STRESS
(See equation on S3) Pres sure Limit 65 psi
Max Operating Pressure 0 psi
WELL DATA Safety Factor 433.3 PASS
(13) Mounting F Flanged (Flange incl in Pressure Calc) Yes
(14) Shank T Tapered
(15) Unsupported Length L in STEADY-STATE STRESS
(16) Root Diameter A in Stress Limit 23,550 psi
(17) Tip Diameter B in Stress @ Design Velocity 166 psi
(18) Bore Diameter d in Safety Factor 141.6 PASS
(19) Fillet Radius at Root b in
(20) Min Tip Thickness t in DYNAMIC STRESS
(21) Shielded Length Lo in Stress Limit 7,655 psi
(22) N.R. Stress @ Design Velocity 264 psi
(23) N.R. Safety Factor 29.0 PASS
(24) Flange Rating (ref S3) Pf psi
(25) Mtg Code (ref S2) FT FT Cyclic Stress @ In-Line Resonance
(26) Material 13 13 316 Fluid Velocity (for In-L Resonance) 49 fps
(27) Modulus of Elasticity E psi x 10-6 In-Line Stress Calculation NOT Required
(28) Allowable Stress S psi X 10-3 Stress @ In-L Resonance 639,885 psi
(29) Fatigue Stress Limit Sf psi X 10-3 Safety Factor 0.0 N.R.
(30) Well Density Pm lb/in³
PT ADHI KARYA
CALCULATION
Thermowell Velocity Calculations

TW-2010 Ver. 1.4 (Beta)
Company: Tag No:

Project No: Date:
Reference: Rev:
L
b
t
PROCESS DATA FREQUENCY LIMIT

Fluid W Water Natural Frequency (fn) 409 Hz
Operating Temperature T 100 °F Wake Frequency (fs) 42 Hz
Operarating Pressure P 0 psi Frequency Ratio (fs/fn) 0.10
Fluid Velocity * V 10.0 ft/s Frequency Criteria fs < 0.8 • fn
Density  lb/ft³ Wake Frequency Limit 327 Hz PASS
Viscosity (Dynamic) µ lb/ft-s x 10-6
(Dynamic = Kinematic x Density)
* Velocity can be calc from Flow Rate & Pipe ID PRESSURE STRESS
(See equation on S3) Pressure Limit 65 psi
Max Operating Pressure 0 psi
WELL DATA Safety Factor 433.3 PASS
Mounting F Flanged (Flange incl in Pressure Calc) Yes
Shank R Red Tip
Unsupported Length L 7.5 in STEADY-STATE STRESS
Root Diameter A 1.063 in Stress Limit 23,550 psi
Tip Diameter B 0.625 in Stress @ Design Velocity 595 psi
Bore Diameter d 0.260 in Safety Factor 39.6 PASS
Fillet Radius at Root b 0.000 in
Min Tip Thickness t 0.188 in DYNAMIC STRESS
Shielded Length Lo 14.0 in Stress Limit 7,655 psi
Length of Red Tip Ls in Stress @ Design Velocity 950 psi
Fillet Radius at Step bs in Safety Factor 8.1 PASS
Flange Rating (ref S3) Pf 67 psi
Mtg Code (ref S2) FR FR Cyclic Stress @ In-Line Resonance
Material 13 13 316 Fluid Velocity (for In-L Resonance) 39 fps
Modulus of Elasticity E 23.8 psi x 10-6 In-Line Stress Calculation NOT Required
Allowable Stress S 15.7 psi X 10-3 Stress @ In-L Resonance -1,261,440 psi
Fatigue Stress Limit Sf 9.10 psi X 10-3 Safety Factor 0.0 N.R.
Well Density Pm 0.285 lb/in³

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SP 204 EN W05 MDN 003

Anton Hidayat Much. Hishom Moh. Makhrus Rakhmad Sugih

6.8.10 Dynamic Drag and Lift Stress at the root ..................................................... 13

6. DESIGN EQUATION, CALCULATION & SIZING

Table 6.2.1 limitation of thermowell calculation

6.3 Unsupported Length

6.5 Low Fluid Velocities

6.6 Frequency Limit

L = Length of well [inch], (refer to appendix A1)

E = Modulus of elasticity of well material [psi], See Appendix B

 = Specific weight of well material [lb/in3]

𝐾 = A constant, (refer to appendix A1)

6.6.2 Wake or Strouthal Frequency

𝑓 = 2.64 ….. (eq.6-6-2-1)

V = Fluid velocity [fps]

T = Diameter at tip [inch]

6.6.3 Frequency analysis (Frequency Ratio)

𝐹 = ….. (eq. 6-6-3-2)

𝑓 = Wake frequency of the well [Hz] … (eq. 6-6-2-1)

𝑓 = Natural frequency of the well [Hz] … (eq. 6-6-1-1)

6.7 Pressure Stress

SA = allowable stress for material at operating temperature.

The following pressure is limited within (less than) 103MPa and

𝐾 = a stress constant, See appendix A2

𝑁 = ….. (eq. 6-8-1-1)

6.8.2 Approximate Resonance Frequency of Thermowell

….. (eq. 6-8-2-1)

….. (eq. 6-8-3-1)

6.8.4 Fluid Mass Correction

….. (eq. 6-8-4-1)

6.8.5 Factor to Account for Added Sensor Mass

….. (eq. 6-8-5-1)

6.8.6 Natural Frequency with Ideal Clamping

….. (eq. 6-8-6-1)

6.8.7 Frequency Factor to Account for Support or Foundation Compliance

….. (eq. 6-8-7-1)

6.8.8 Resonance Frequency of Thermowell with Compliant Support

….. (eq. 6-8-8-1)

6.8.9 Cyclic Drag Stress at The Root

….. (eq. 6-8-9-1)

6.8.10 Dynamic Drag and Lift Stress at the root

….. (eq. 6-8-10-1)

Cd = coefficient for oscillating-drag (in-line with flow) pressure,

Lift Force Equation,

….. (eq. 6-8-10-2)

For design purposes, coefficients for conventional-drag, oscillating-drag, and

….. (eq. 6-8-10-3)

6.8.11 Magnification Factor in Case of Transverse Lift Resonance

….. (eq. 6-8-11-1)

….. (eq. 6-8-11-2)

FM = magnification factor for thermowell oscillations transverse to fluid

r = ratio of shedding frequency to natural frequency, dimensionless (lift

6.8.12 Temperature De-Rating Factor

….. (eq. 6-8-12-1)

6.9 Steady State Stress Analysis

….. (eq. 6-9-2-1-1)