General Mathematics

First Quarter

Module 3a: Addition and

Subtraction of Functions
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VII-CENTRAL VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SIQUIJOR

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 11
General Mathematics
First Quarter
Module 3a:Addition and
Subtraction of
Functions
 Introduction
This module is written in support of the K to 12 Basic Education
Program to ensure attainment of standards expected of you as a learner.

This aims to equip you with essential knowledge onAddition and Subtraction
of functions.

This includes the following activities/tasks:

■ Expected Learning Outcome — This lays out the learning outcome

that you are expected to have accomplished at the end of the module.
■ Pre-test — This determines your prior learning on the particular
lesson you are about to take.
■ Discussion of the Lesson —This provides you with the important
knowledge, principles and attitude that will help you meet the expected
learning outcome.
■ Learning Activities — These provide you with the application of the
knowledge and principles you have gained from the lesson and enable you to
further enhance your skills as you carry out prescribed tasks.
■ Post-test — This evaluates your overall understanding about the
module.

With the different activities provided in this module, may you find this
material engaging and challenging as it develops your critical thinking skills.

1
 What I Need to Know

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

➢ perform addition and subtraction of functions

What I Know

Find the sum and the difference of the following set of functions:

1. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 ; 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 6𝑥 3 − 8𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 7
2. 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 6 ; 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 4(𝑥 + 2) − 4
3. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 7𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 6; 𝑔(𝑥 ) = −2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 6
4. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 + 3 ; 𝑔 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2
5. 𝑣(𝑥 ) = 5𝑥 + 1; 𝑤(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 − 2
6. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 + 1; 𝑔 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 4
7. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 + 2; 𝑔 (𝑥 ) = 4 − 5𝑥
8. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 3; 𝑔 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 2

What`s In

Before we try to learn how to add and subtract functions, let us have a
quick review on how to add and subtract fractions and algebraic
expressions.

Here are the common steps that we use in adding and subtracting fractions:
1. Find the least common denominator or LCD of both fractions.
2. Rewrite the fractions as equivalent fractions with the same LCD.
3. The LCD is the denominator of the resulting fraction.
4. The sum or difference of the numerators is the numerator of the
resulting fraction.

2
Examples:

2 1
1. Find the difference of and 3.
5

Solution:
The LCD of the two fractions is 15.
2 1 6 5 6−5 𝟏
− 3 =15 − 15 = 15 =
5 𝟏𝟓

1 2
2. Find the sum of and .
𝑥−3 𝑥−5

Solution:
The LCD of the two rational expressions is (x-3) (x-5) or
(x2 – 8x + 15).

1 2 𝑥−5 2(𝑥−3) 𝑥−5+2𝑥−6 𝟑𝒙−𝟏𝟏

𝑥−3
+ 𝑥−5
= 𝑥 2 −8𝑥+15
+𝑥2 −8𝑥+15 = 𝑥 2 −8𝑥+15
= 𝒙𝟐 −𝟖𝒙+𝟏𝟓

What`s New

We can’t only evaluate functions but we can also apply or perform the basic
operations in them. But in this module, we will only be focusing on addition
and subtraction of functions.
Take a look of the following examples and study the process of adding and
subtracting functions.

Examples:
1. If f(x) = x + 3 and g(x) = 2x – 5, find:
a. (f + g)(x)
b. (f – g)(x)

Solutions:
a. (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)
= (x + 3) + (2x – 5)
= 3x – 2

b. (f – g)(x) = f(x) – g(x)

= (x + 3) – (2x – 5)
= - x+8

3
 2. If f(x) = 2x2 + 3x - 4 and g(x) = 2x + 3, find (f + g)(x)and (f - g)(x).

Solutions:
(f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)
= (2x2 + 3x - 4) + (2x + 3)
=2x2 + 5x – 1
(f –g)(x) = f(x) – g(x)
= (2x2 + 3x - 4) – (2x + 3)
=2x2 +x–7

So, how do you find the processes in adding and subtracting functions?

What Is It

If we can add and subtract numbers and expressions, then most definitely,
we can also addand subtract functions!

Let f and g be functions. When we add and subtract these

functions,the following functions will be formed:
Sum :(f + g) (x) = f(x) + g(x)
Difference: (f – g) (x) = f(x) – g(x)

Adding Functions

Examples:

1. If f(x) = 6x2 – 12x – 19 and g(x) = x3 – x2 + 8x – 1, find (f + g)(x).

Solution:
(f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)
Copy the functions f(x) and g(x) then add.
= (6x2 – 12x – 19) + (x3 – x2 + 8x – 1)

Combine like terms.

= 𝑥 3 + (6𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 ) + (−12𝑥 + 8𝑥 ) + (−19 − 1)

Simplify.
= 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝟎

4
 3 𝑥
2. If 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 −1
and 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 −1
, find (f + g)(x).

Solution:
(f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)
Copy and add the two functions.
3 𝑥
= 2 +
𝑥 −1 𝑥 −1

Find the LCD since we are dealing with functions in fraction

form.
3+𝑥 (𝑥+1)
= (𝑥+1)(𝑥−1)

Simplify.
𝒙𝟐 +𝒙+𝟑
=( )( )
𝒙+𝟏 𝒙−𝟏

3. Given the following, determine

a. (v + g) (x)
b. (f + h) (x)
c. (f + p) (x)
d. (v + p) (x)

Solution:

a.

b.

c. (f + p)(x) = ( x + 3) + ( 2x – 7) = 3x – 4

d. (v + p) (x) = ( x2 + 5x + 4) + ( 2x – 7) = x2 + 7x – 3

Subtracting Functions

Examples:

1. If f(x) = 6x2 – 12x – 19 and g(x) = x3 – x2 + 8x – 1, find (f – g) (x).

Solution:
(f – g) (x) = f(x) – g(x)
Copy the functions f(x) and g(x) then subtract the two functions.
= (6x2 – 12x – 19) – (x3 – x2 + 8x – 1)

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 Operate on like terms.
= −𝑥 3 + (6𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 ) + (−12𝑥 − 8𝑥 ) + (−19 + 1)

Simplify.
= −𝒙𝟑 + 𝟕𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝟎𝒙 − 𝟏𝟖

𝑥−3 𝑥+1
2. If 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = and 𝑔(𝑥 ) = , find (f – g)(x)
𝑥+4 𝑥 +4

Solution:
(f – g)(x) = f(x) – g(x)
Copy the two functions and subtract.
𝑥−3 𝑥+1
= 𝑥+4 – 𝑥 +4

Find the LCD and simplify.

3+𝑥 (𝑥+1) 𝒙−𝟑−𝒙−𝟏 −𝟒
= 𝑥+4 = 𝒙+𝟒 =𝒙+𝟒

3. Given the following, determine

a. (p – f)(x)
b. (v – g) (x)
c. (g – p) (x)
d. (v – f) (x)

Solution:
a.

b. (v – g) (x) = ( x2 + 5x + 4) – ( x2 + 2x – 8) = 3x + 12

c. (g – p) (x) = (x2 + 2x – 8) – (2x – 7) = x2 – 1

d. (v – f) (x) = (x2 + 5x + 4) – (x+ 3) = x2 + 4x + 1

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 What`s More

❑ Independent Activity 1

We can also evaluate algebra of functions. Using the functions,

g(x) = 2x – 5 and f(x) = x + 3. Evaluate the following. The first
item is done for you.
1. (f + g) (2)= (x+3) + (2x- 5) (2) = 5 + (-1) = 4
2. (g – f)(1)
3. (g + f) (5)
4. (g – f) (-1)

❑ Independent Activity 2

If f(x) = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6and 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 2, find:

(the first one is done for you)
1. 𝑓(−1) + 𝑓(4)
= ((−1)2 + 5(−1) + 6) + ((4)2 + 5(4) + 6) = 2+ 42 = 44
2. 𝑓(−3) − 𝑓 (2)
3. 𝑓(5) + 𝑔(2)
4. 𝑓(𝑥 ) + 𝑔(𝑥 )
5. 𝑔(𝑥 ) − 𝑓(𝑥)

What I Have Learned

I learned that:
❑ when we add and subtract functions, the following
will be formed:
Sum :(f + g) (x) = f(x) + g(x)
Difference:(f – g) (x) = f(x) – g(x)

7
 What I Can Do

Answer the following real – life problems applying the things that you
have learned in this module.

1. The lengths of the sides of a triangle are defined by the following

functions: S1 = 2x – 3, S2 = x2 + 3x – 5, and S3 = 4x + 4. What is the
perimeter of the triangle?

2. What is the net income of a shipping company in a month if its

gross income is described by the function g(x) – 4(x-3)2 – 5, and the
total expenses is described ase(x) = x2 – x + 1?

Assessment

Find the sum and the difference of the following set of functions:
1. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 5𝑥 + 6 ; 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 8

2. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 5𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 5 ; ℎ(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 2 − 10

3. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 9𝑥 3 + 2 ; 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 3

4. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 5𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 5 ; 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 7𝑥 + 8

5. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 3 ; ℎ (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2

6. 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 ; 𝑚(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 2

7. f (x) = 2x + 1; q (x) = x2 – 2x + 2

8. a(x) = x2 + 3 ;b(x) = x2 – 4x + 1

8
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Trigonometry and Statistics. Quezon City: Neo Asia Publishing
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http://www.montereyinstitute.org/courses/DevelopmentalMath/
COURSE_TEXT2_RESOURCE/U17_L3_T1_text_final.html

Barcelona, Alvin, Rene Belecina, and John Llenord Villanueva. Senior High
Conceptual Math & Beyond General Mathematics. Quezon City:
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Barcelona, Alvin, Rene Belecina, and John Llenord Villanueva. Senior High
Conceptual Math & Beyond General Mathematics (Teacher’s Guide).
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https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmathhelp/topics/
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