Content

• Examples on Offshore lifting operations

– Module lifting
– Jacket installation
– Installation of sub-sea equipment
• Overview of important issues.
– Lift in air versus sub-sea operations
– Dynamics
– (Weather windows – statistics)

1 FGN 21.02.07
 Grane jacket, Apr. 2003

2 FGN 21.02.07
 Grane process module installation, Apr.
2003. Lift-off from barge.

3 FGN 21.02.07
 Grane process module installation, Apr.
2003. Approaching jacket.

4 FGN 21.02.07
 Grane process module installation, Apr.
2003. Landing on jacket.

5 FGN 21.02.07
 Grane process module installation, Apr.
2003. Living quarter.

6 FGN 21.02.07
 ”Building-blocks” of a process platform

7 FGN 21.02.07
 Jacket installation,
Self-floater and launching from barge

8 FGN 21.02.07
 Crane assisted jacket installation

9 FGN 21.02.07
 Crane assisted jacket installation, side
view

10 FGN 21.02.07
 Crane assisted jacket installation, plane
view.

11 FGN 21.02.07
 Tandem lift from barge

12 FGN 21.02.07
 Fram module lift. Model test setup

13 FGN 21.02.07
 Fram module. Model testing

14 FGN 21.02.07
 Installation of Fram West module
The Fram West module (900 tons)
lifted onboard Troll C. May 2003

15 FGN 21.02.07
 Simulation of Fram module installation

16 FGN 21.02.07
 Heavy versus light lifts
• Heavy lifts: Coupled dynamics, No heave compensation, W > 1000 tonnes)
– Multibody dynamics

• Light lifts: (Minor coupling, Heave compensation possible, W <100 tonnes)

– Static deformation of lifting wire in current
– Vertical oscillations of a mass wire system
– Mathieu instability.

17 FGN 21.02.07
 Example: Saipem7000
Semisubmersible crane and pipelaying (J-lay) DP
vessel

Dimensions:
Length: 198 m
Breadth: 87 m
Depth to main deck: 45 m
Transit draft: 10.5 m
Operational draft: 27.5 m

Ballast system:
Computer controlled system comprising 4 x 6,000
t/h ballast pumps, fully redundant.

Lifting facilities main crane:

Fully revolving. Main blocks tandem lift: 14,000 t
Main block single lift: 7,000 t revolving at 40 m
Aux.1 block: 2,500 t revolving at 74 m rad.
Aux. 2 block: 900 t revolving at 115 m rad.
Lowering capability to 450 m below sea level
Whip hook: 120 t revolving at 150 m rad.

18 FGN 21.02.07
 Examples on heavy lifts, modules
Module Hook weight (t) Lift date Vessel
Kittiwake deck 6 900 May 90 DB102
(Shell)
Miller M7 (BP) 6 200 July 91 DB102
Piper PUD 10 750 Mar 92 DB102
(EEC)
Gannet deck ( 9 600 Apr 92 DB102
Shell)
Piper WM/DSM 6 825 Apr 92 DB102
(EEC)
Bruce P10 (BP) 8 750 Aug 92 M7000
Bruce P20 (BP) 8 180 Aug 92 M7000
Bruce drill deck 7 520 Aug 92 M7000
(BP)
Saltire deck 10 300 Sept 92 DB102
(EEC)
Tiffany M1 8 140 Nov 92 M7000
(Agip)
Tiffany M2 6 070 Nov 92 M7000
(Agip)
North Everest 8 500 Nov 92 DB102
(Amoco)
Lomond 8 600 Dec 92 DB102
(Amoco)
Scott P1 10 000 Apr 93 DB102
(Amarada)
Scott UQ 8 000 Apr 93 DB102
(Amarada)
East Brae 8 500 Spr. 93 DB102
(Marathon)
19 FGN 21.02.07
Nelson (Shell) 9 600 Aug 93 DB102
Dunbar (Total) 9 400 Mid 94 DB102
 Crane assisted jacket installations
Jacket Water depth Hook weight (t) Lift date Vessel
(m)
Veslefrikk 175 9 050 May89 M7000
(Statoil)
Gyda (BP) 66 8 770 Sept 89 M7000
Kittiwake (Shell) 85 5 300 May 90 DB102
Gannet (Shell) 94 7 500 June 91 DB102
Bruce PUQ (BP) 121 9 425 May 92 M7000
Bruce D (BP) 121 7 950 May 92 M7000
Unity (BP) 127 6 500 Jul 92 DB102
Beryl riser 112 5 800 Jul 92 DB102
(Mobil)
Scott JU 141 8 800 Mar 93 DB102
(Amerada)
Nelson (Shell) 84 8 500 Spr. 93 DB102
East Brae 116 9 300 May 93 DB102
(Marathon)
Dunbar (Total) 145 9 100 Mid 94 DB102

20 FGN 21.02.07
 Installation of subsea equipment,
TOGI 1989

21 FGN 21.02.07
 Installation of subsea equipment,
Troll pilot

22 FGN 21.02.07
 Installation of subsea equipment,
Oseberg sør template, 2002.

23 FGN 21.02.07
 Offshore wind farms

20 x 2MW

24 FGN 21.02.07
 Offshore wind farms

25 FGN 21.02.07
 Weather windows
3 .5
Me as ure d H
s
H'
3 s

2 .5
H (m )

2
s

1 .5

1
t t t t t
1 2 3 4 5
0 .5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
T im e (ho urs )

26 FGN 21.02.07
 Weather windows

27 FGN 21.02.07
 Weather windows

28 FGN 21.02.07
 Five phases of crane operations.
Some possible problems:
1) Lift off.
Snatch loads - Impacts
Horizontal sliding.

2) In air.
Pendulum motion
Collision – use of tugger lines

3) Crossing splash zone.

Dynamic loads, Snatch loads

4) Deeply submerged.
Vertical resonance.

5) Landing.
Vertical motions.
Horizontal offset. Position / rotation control
Impacts.
Position control 1 2

29 FGN 21.02.07
5
 Multibody dynamics (xt,yt,zt)
z η3

ls η6
η9 η4
Nine DOF: η7 * (xG,yG,zG)
x η5
x = ( 1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4 ,  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8 ,  9 ) T (xl,yl,zl)
η1
η8 y
η2

m + A11 0 A13 0 mzG + A15 −myG 0 0 0

m + A22 A23 −mzG + A24 A25 mxG + A26 0 0 0
m + A33 myG −mxG + A35 0 0 0 0
I44 + A44 −I45 −I46 0 0 0
M= I55 + A55 −I56 0 0 0
I66 + A66 0 0 0
mL + a11 0 0
mL + a22 0
mL + a33
Vessel - vessel
Load - Load

30 FGN 21.02.07
 (xt,yt,zt)
z η3
Restoring matrix (1-2) ls η6
η9 η4
*
Mooring part C m11 C m12 0 0 0 C m16 0 0 0 η7 (xG,yG,zG)
x η5
(xl,yl,zl)
C m22 0 0 0 C m26 0 0 0 η8 η1
y
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 η2
0 0 0 0 0 0
Cm = 0 0 0 0 0
C m66 0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
0

Hydrostatic part: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
C h33 C h34 C h35 0 0 0 0
C h44 0 C h46 0 0 0
Ch = C h55 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0
0

31 FGN 21.02.07
 (xt,yt,zt)
z η3

Restoring matrix (2-2) ls

η9 η4
*
η6

η7 (xG,yG,zG)
x η5
(xl,yl,zl)
η8 η1
Coupling effects: y
η2

w 0 0 0 wz − w yt −w 0 0
l l t l l
w w
0 − zt 0 w x 0 − w 0
l l l t l
AE AE y − AE x 0 0 0 − AE
le le t le t le
C vl44 − A E w
x y − z tx t 0 w z − A E y
le t t l l t le t
C vl = C vl55 − w z ty t − w z t 0 AE x
l l l t
C vl66 w w
y − xt 0
l t l
w 0 0
l
w 0
l
AE
le

32 FGN 21.02.07
 Eigenmodes and eigen-frequencies
Undamped eigenvalue problem

( )
−ω 2M +C x = 0

λ x = M −1Cx
Motion response to harmonic excitation:

Fa eiωt
η=
( M + iωB + C )
−ω 2

33 FGN 21.02.07
 Example
• Vessel with: • Vessel restoring matrix:
m = 5.17E7 kg
(xg,yg,xg) = (0, 0, -0.02L),
L= 100m C 11 0 0 0 0 0
C 11 0 0 0 0
(r44,r55,r66)= C 33 0 0 0
C=
(.33L,.32L,.35L), rij=0, ijg0 0.05C 33 L 2 0 0
0.05C 33 L 2 0
C 66
• Added mass matrix for vessel:

.7 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 • C11= 2.E05 N/m, C33= 7.85E06
A 1 0 0 0 N/m and C66=1.0E08
m = .1L 2 0 0
.1L 2 0
.1L 2

34 FGN 21.02.07
 Example cont.

• Mass of load: ml=0.1m

• Position of top of crane: (xt,yt,zt) = (.6L,0,.5L)
• Length of wire (from top of crane to load): l=2L
• Elasticity of line: AE=3.96E09 N
• Added mass of load: (a1,a3,a3) = (.5ml,.5ml,2ml)
• Submerged weight of load: w = .5ml*g

35 FGN 21.02.07
 Eigenperiods and eigenmodes
Un-coupled

• Load alone: • Vessel alone:

T0load = 49.14 49.14 5.56 sec T0vessel = 131.7 32.4 142.9 32.9
22.8 213.1 sec
• Eigenvector:
• Eigenvector:
1 0 0
x 0load = 0 1 0
−1 0.0219 0 0 0 0
0 0 1
0 0 1 0.0184 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
x 0vessel =
0 0 0.0031 −.9998 0 0
0.0037 0.9998 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1

Surge pitch sway roll heave yaw

36 FGN 21.02.07
 Eigenperiods and eigenmodes
coupled
• Complete coupled system:
T0coupled = 4.3 23.6 37.1 51.7 138.3 30.4 146.8 46.0 239.7 sec.

_ -0.0206 -0.0737 -0.0934 _ 0.6542 -0.0000 0.0000 -0.0000 0.0000

0.0097
-0.0000 -0.0000 -0.0000 0.0000 -0.0000 0.0593 -0.7758 0.0752 -0.0311
-0.1366 -0.8090 0.0522 -0.0084 -0.0000 0.0000 -0.0000 0.0000 -0.0000
0.0000 -0.0000 -0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -0.8118 0.0040 0.2098 0.0030
x 0coupled =
0.4569 -0.4468 -0.4841 0.2109 0.0074 -0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
-0.0000 -0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1337 0.2546 0.2303 -0.6570
-0.0031 0.1225 0.6559 0.9449 0.7562 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 -0.0000 -0.0000 -0.0000 -0.5653 -0.5774 -0.9473 -0.7533
0.8789 -0.3612 0.5721 -0.2319 -0.0078 0.0000 -0.0000 -0.0000 -0.0000

Eigenmode no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Dominating 9 3 5 7 1 4 2 8 6
mode of motion
Name load heave pitch load surge roll sway load yaw
Vertical x-dir. y-dir

37 FGN 21.02.07
 Example cont. Force oscillations

F=[i*C11 0 C33 0 0 0 0 0 0] T 2% damping

Absolute value of dynamic response in direction: 1

Absolute value of dynamic response in direction: 3

12
2

10

1.5
8
(m)

x3 (m)
1
X1
1 6

4
0.5
2

0 0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Period (sec) Period (sec)

Period of oscillation (sec)

38 FGN 21.02.07
 Example cont. Force oscillations
Absolute value of dynamic response in direction: 5
0.12 Absolute value of dynamic response in direction: 7

4.5

0.1 4

3.5
0.08
3
x (rad)

x (m)
0.06 2.5
5

7
2
0.04
1.5

0.02 1

0.5
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 0
Period (sec) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Period (sec)

Period of oscillation (sec)

Absolute value of dynamic response in direction: 9

4
x9 (m)

39 FGN 21.02.07 0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Period (sec)