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BIYAKNASATO
SA FOCK NA I1O TINATAG NG MGA
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MANGHIHIMAgSIK SA AMNON
NRA
uLOABUIAI, 0 ANG REPUHLA NG
AAASATCe NCONO KA-} VG EAV0,

IA IA
g a Gunita ng Jtimagsikan

Cquinaldo
and Oasly ea
a Filipino revolutionary, politician, and military leader who is
officially recognized.as the first and the youngest President of
thePhilippinesand the first preaident of a constitutionol
republic in Asia.

Kesolulion of 1896
a revolution fought between the people and
insurgents of the Philippines and the Spanish
colonial authorities.

Oigning of Biak'na
Balo drealy
o truce between Governor-General
Fernando Primo de Rivera and the

revolutionary leader Emilio Aguinaldo

to end the revolution

SBatle of Nanila
a major battle ofthe Philippine compaign
of 1944-45, during the Second World War
fought by forces from both the United
States and the Philippines against
Japanese troops in Manila
 guinaldo'Iifo and Eary gare
Solyyeo
Born on March 22, 1869 in Cavite el Viejo, Emilio Aguinaldo Y Famy alyas
"Miong was an
adventurous little boy who then went to study at Colegio de San Juan de Letran, wos elected
as Binakayan's Cabeza de
Covite el Viejo.
Barangay at 17, and was also the very first Capitan Municipol.of
ndence fcom dpaln
Seeking independence, hejoined and became the Pilar Lodge Freemasonry Municipal Coptain
where he met Andres Bonifocio, leader of the underground Katipunan,.movement He also
becomeo Katipunero, rousing conflicts within the secret society of revolutionaries, and was
elected President of the Tejeros Convention, making him the first President ofthe Philippines
He led some successful attocks as one of the KKK'S leader, retreated from Cavite to Biak No
Bato and Was ogain elected President of the Biyak-no-Bato Republic where a truce was
signed regarding the Philippine-Spanish War He agreed tò be exiled in Hong Kong, only to
conspirewith the Americons to contin ue bhis rebellion ogainst the Spanis

Dpaniah Cmerloan0as
He joined the U.s. Asian Squadron at the Battle of Manilo Bay on Moy1,and proclaimed
himselfpresident of thenew independent Phlippines, Dictotorof the DictotorialGovernipent
buthis inaugurotion was rejected by the United States
Phuhppine neloan Oas E
t stoted when an American sentry klled a Philippine soldier stationed at the San Juan Bridge,
butonly exploded into action on February 4, 1899. Three years at war, the Presidentof the
Revolutionary Government, Aguinoldo, was captured by American General Frederick Funston
on March 23, 1901 and swore an oath of allegiance to the United States on April19,1901
which made him retreat, and later on establish Veterans of the Revolution os he retired.

Woela Was2 and Cils

Hecooperated with the Jopanese colonizers and took part in the puppet government when
Japaninvaded the Philippines. He was later on imprisonedfor it but was soon poardoned with
his reputation mostly intoct and continued state services by 1950.
Baolkground othe Book
Wanting to correct history with the accounts from his diary, he wrote Mgo Gunito ng
Himogsikon (1964) which was later tronsloted from Togalog as Memoirs of the Revolution
(1967) where some of the dotes and events were in confict with the other historians
accounts, and so, the book's oficial commemorations in line with not just Aguinoldo 's
history were chosen by the National Historical Commission.

Snioloemank in 3onoes Dealha

TheKKK wOs divided intotwo factions with Aguinaldo's intervening schemes. One was led by
him which wos the Mogdolo foctionbosed in Kawit; while the other was led by Bonifocio,the
Magdiwong. This division in power ond leadership resulted in conflicts and rivalriesbetween
the Katipuneros, and so the latter declared the election in Tejero's Convention nul ond void
was chorged with treason, jound guilty, and was sentenced to deoth by o Covite militan
tribunal. Bonifacio was soid to be executed in Maragondon, Cavite on Moy 10, 1897.
On June 2, 1899, Gen. Antonio Luna, an orrogant but brilliant general and Aguinaldo's
looming rival in the military hierarchy, recelved a telegrom from Aguina ldo, ordering him to
proceed to Cabanatuan, Nuevo Ecija, for o meeting at the cobanatuan Church Con vent. Three
doys later, on June 5, Luna arrived and learned that Aguinaldo wo0s not ot the oppointed

ploce. As Gen. Luna wOs about to depart, he was shot, then stabbed to death by Aguinaldo s
men, Luna was loter buried in the churchyord; Aguinaldo made no ottempt to punish or
discipline Lund's murderers.
 evehution gfi896
Inthefall of 1896,Filipino nationalistsrevolted against the Sponish rule that
hod controlled the Philippines since the sixteenth century. Led by Emilio Aguinaldo
(1869-1964), the 1896 revolt coried the Filipinos to an anticipoted wor with Spain and
an unanticipoted war with the UnitedStotes.

1872 Revoltin theCaviteProvince whichlounchèdtherevolutionarycause

1892- Jose Rizal founded La Ligo Filipina

1895- Andres Bonifacio organized the Katipunan, o fraternal brotherhood of

Filipino nationalists committed to independence. Emilo Aguinaldo joined the
Katipunan in1895 and become itsleoderin the Cavite Province. Onceinitioted,
Aguinaldo's foction became known as Magdalo, nomed ofter Mary Mogdolene.

Ske 1896 9kuhppine Reoluion

Exploded on August 23,1896,intheevent that iscommemorated asthe "Cy of
Pugodiawin.

1896-Armedstrugglebegon inManilo and quicklyspreodthroughoutthe

country. Aguinaldo defeated Spanishforces in severalbottles and rose to
become the leaderofKatipunan. Aguinoldo hod Bonifocio arrested and
executed in 1897.
when the United Statesand Spain went to wor over Cubo, the Phit joined the side of the U.S

8h Fhahppine Sndepandence
-OnJune 12, 1898,Aguinaldo declared the independence ofthe Philippine
islands,and inJanuary 1899 he becameits president. While the Filipinos believedthat
o U.S. defeat of Spain would lead to afree Philippines, the U.S. refused to recognize
the new government. Outraged by the betrayol,the Philippine republic deciared woar
onthe United States.Emilo Aguinaldo, afterfighting with theU.S. against Spain, wos
coptured by the U.S. military in 1901 and ended up declaring alegiance with the USA.
Bytheendofthe Philippine Warin1902, more than 40,000 Filipinosand 4,000
American soldiers were dead.
 Siging f8iak-Na-Bato Jreaty
Sk. Bial Balo Repuklho of 1897
After fleeing from the Spanish troops in cavite, Emilio Aguinoldo
estoblished, the Biok-Na-Bato Republic on July 1897 in the said Bulacon
Headquarter, with the Cuban Constitution -based charter drafted by Felix Ferrer
and ond Isabelo Artacho which solidified the Biak-Na-Bato Constitution that
outlined basic human rights, and provided a Supreme Council which was the
highest governing body of the republic, where he and Mariano Trias were elected
president and vice president, respectively, along with the issuance of the following
proclamations:
1.Expulsion of the friars and the return of the friar lands to the Filipinos
2. Representation of the Philippines in the Spanish cortes
3. Freedom of the pres5 and of relglon

4. Abolition ofthe government's power to banish Fillpinos

5. Equality for all before the law,

Oupreme Council
Emillo Aguinaldo President
Mariano Trias- Vice President
Antonio Montenegro-Secretary
Baldomero Aguinaldo-Treasurer
Emilio Riego de Dios

Sh Paok o Biak NaBoto

With the help of Pedro Paterno, sole mediotor in the discussion of the terms pf
peace, the Pact of Biok-no-Bato was signed by General Emilio Aguinaldo and Spansh
Governor-General Fernondo Primo de Rivera on December 14, 1897, which resulted
t oa
and an the Spanish government wi
eoselre declared by both camps
grant self-rule to the in 3
agreement that
Philippines years if Aguinaldo
went to exile with o remunerotion
of 800,000Mexican pesos. With a partial payment of Pa00, 000, Aguinaido left for Hong
Kong on December 27, 1897.

Sh Biak 9Bato Past Fals

due to sides, and fighting resumed
inMay1898 os the Sponiords did not pay the entire agreedboth
The truce, however, foled suspicions on

amount G
 Battlo ef anila (y9)
The Battle of Manila was the first battle between USA and
Spain, and also the beginning of the US colonialization in the
Philippines. It took place on May 1, 1898, during the Spanish-
American War at Manila, Philippines.

Ghronolerica/ EventsL
Cpeil 1898. After the departure of Aguinaldo to Hongkong, he
negotiated with US odmirat Dewey with the help of the US Coptain of the
Petrel to lounch an attack against the Spaniards in the Philippines.

9ay 1, 1898. Big number of American War Boats (US Asiatic

Squadron) arrived in the shore of Manila Bay and destroyed the boats and
the whole Spanish Pacific Fleet.

9ay 7, 1898. Aguinaldo found out that Admiral Dewey won over the
Spanish fleet, driving awoy the colonizers and ending the three-century
long Spanish rule over the Philippines.

9lay 19, 1898. Aguinoldo went back to the Philippines with the war
equipment and advised the other revolutionists to attack the Spaniards.

OIlay 20, 1898. Sr. Luciano San Miguel go in Manila,

was sent to

Laguna, Batangas Tayabas, Bulacan Morong, Pampanga, and other

northern provinces to observe the war in those areas.
Laslleo seeks of 9Nay 1898 Aguinaldo left the Caovite Arsenal
that was guarded by the US Marines.

9 a y 24, 1898. A Dictatorial Government wos established by

Aguinaldo, where he proclaimed himself president of the new and
independent Philippines.
 References
Aguinaldo, Emilio. (1899). True Version of the
Philippine Revoluton
Biak-na Bato Republic. Retrieved
n ne
w.pnippine-history.org/biak-na
bato.ntm
Ocampo, Ambeth. (1998). Biak-na-Bato: A
Chronology. Philippine Daily Inquirer, March 22.
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http://msc.edu.ph/centennial/pact.htm
Emilio. (1899). True Version of the
Aguinaldo,Revolution. Retrieved from
Philippine
https://www.gutenberg.arg/files/12996/12996
h/12996-h.htm
Ingles,Maria Teresita (2015). Ang Karanasan ng
Imus Sa Himagsikan: Gunita ng mga Naghimagsik
Retrieved from https://sanbeda-
alabang.edu.ph/bede/images/researchpublicationy
UGONG/86148358-Ugong-Vol4-1-7.pdf
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from https://www.britannica.com/event/Battie-of
Manila-Bay-1899
Gonzalves, Theodore (2018). The mock Dattie tat
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https://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/mock-battle
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in the Pnilippines. Boston, MA: Hougnton Mitfiin,
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Revolutionary Hero of the Philippines. Baltimore,
MD: PublishAmerica, 2006.
Turot, Henr. Emilio Aguinaldo, First Filipino
President, 1898-1901. Manila, Philippines: Foreign
Service institute, 1981.
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1996. Retrieved from
https://www.pbs.org/crucible/ti5.html
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Philppine Revolution.
n.a. (n.d.). The Biok-na Boto Republic. Retrieved
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bato.htm
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Chronology. Philippine Daily Inquirer, March 22.
Retrieved from
http://msc.edu.ph/centennial/pact.htm
Aguinaldo, Emilio. (1899),. True Version of the
Philippine Revolution. Retrieved from
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/12996/12996
/12996-h.htm
Ingles, Maria Teresita (2015). Ang Karanasan ng
Imus Sa Himagsikan: Gunita ng mga Nagnimagsia.
Retrieved from https://sanbeda
alabang. edu,ph/bede/images/researchpublication/U
GONG/86148358-Ugong-Vol4-1-7.pdf
Ray, Michael (2020). Battle of Manila Bay,Retrieved
from https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-
Manila-Bay-1899
Gonzalves, Theodore (2018). The mock battle that
ended the Spanish- American War. Retrieved
from
https://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/mock- battle