Talanta 189 (2018) 254–261

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Talanta
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/talanta

Nickel metal-organic framework 2D nanosheets with enhanced peroxidase T

nanozyme activity for colorimetric detection of H2O2
⁎ ⁎
Jingyuan Chen, Yun Shu , Huilei Li, Qin Xu, Xiaoya Hu
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China

A R T I C LE I N FO A B S T R A C T

Keywords: A two-dimensional (2D) Ni based metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheets were synthesized using a one-step
Ni-MOF nanosheets solvent-thermal method. The as-prepared nanosheets were characterized by transmission electron microscopy
TMB (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy disperse spectroscopy
H2O2 (EDS) mapping. Ni-MOF nanosheet was first time found to used as a peroxidase mimetic with catalytic activities
Human serum
and could catalyze the oxidation of the substrate 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of hy-
Colorimetric method
drogen peroxide (H2O2). Catalytic mechanism analysis suggested the enzymatic kinetics of Ni-MOF nanosheets
followed typical Michaelis-Menten theory and Ni-MOF nanosheets possess a higher affinity for two substrates
(TMB and H2O2) than horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Furthermore, Ni-MOF nanosheet was applied to establish
an H2O2 colorimetric sensor which deserves a wide linear range of 0.04 ~ 160 μM and a low detection limit of
8 nM. Also the application of this sensor for H2O2 detection in human serum and disinfectant was demonstrated
and satisfactory results were obtained. Thus, the simple and sensitive Ni-MOF/TMB/H2O2 colorimetric system
has great promising applications in clinical medicine and food environment analysis.

1. Introduction through membranes between various cellular compartments and has a

Ultrathin two-dimensional layered nanomaterials are attracting re-
markable attentions in recent years. Compared with other nanomater-
ials, 2D ultrathin nanomaterials hold some great unique characteristics.
For instance, ultrathin thickness enables ultrathin 2D nanomaterials
deserve greatly compelling electronic properties due to the electron
confinement without interlayer interactions [1]. Moreover, the large
lateral size of ultrathin 2D nanosheets endow them with ultrahigh
specific surface area [2]. 2D MOF nanosheets as a new member of ul-
trathin 2D nanomaterials family have also generated great interest [3].
MOFs are crystalline porous material derived from metallic centers
bonded by polytopic organic ligands. The metallic centers are inorganic
units which can be metal ions or clusters. The change of metal ions,
organic ligands, or structural motifs can realize the specific function-
ality of MOFs [4]. MOFs are characterized by tunable and highly or-
dered structures. What's more, like other 2D nanosheets, MOF na-
nosheets possess many highly exposed active sites and electrons can
quickly transfer on their surface, which could be significant for the gas
storage, sensing, separation and catalytic applications [5–8], especially,
they have been widely used to catalyze organic reactions [9].
H2O2 is an incompletely reduced metabolite of oxygen, almost all
oxidases in mitochondria can produce H2O2·H2O2 can diffuse out freely
diversified physiological and pathological effects within living cells
[10,11]. Thus, maintaining H2O2 at a proper level plays an important
role in intracellular signaling transduction and normal cell functions
[12,13]. While imbalances production of H2O2 are able to damage
tissue and organ systems and also cause complications of many dis-
eases, especially diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative dis-
eases, as well as cancer [14,15]. Because H2O2 is one of the reactive
oxygen species (ROS) and generates free hydroxyl radicals [16], which
cause oxidative damage to the tissue components such as lipids, pro-
teins and DNA [17]. The higher the concentration, the greater the im-
pact. So, in order to better understanding the biological effects of H2O2,
it is critically important to carry out the rapid, sensitive and accurate
determination of H2O2 in biological environment.
For the measurement of H2O2 in biochemical analysis, several sen-
sitive methods have been developed for this purpose, such as liquid
chromatography [18], chemiluminescence [19,20], fluorescence
[21,22], electrochemical techniques [23,24], and colorimetric assay
[25]. Among these analytical techniques, colorimetric assay has drawn
huge attention due to its pretty simplicity, low cost as well as practi-
cality. In addition, this colorimetric method for the detection of ana-
lytes can be interpreted by naked eyes to realize visual detection
without any instrumentation [25]. The activity of natural enzyme is

⁎
Corresponding authors.
E-mail addresses: shuyun1008@126.com (Y. Shu), xyhu@yzu.edu.cn (X. Hu).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.075
Received 20 March 2018; Received in revised form 14 June 2018; Accepted 24 June 2018
Available online 25 June 2018
0039-9140/ © 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.
J. Chen et al.
Scheme 1. Schematic illustration of the colorimetric detection of H2O2 based on the peroxidase-like activity of 2D MOF Nanosheets.
destined to suffer from various environmental factors [26]. Moreover,
compared with natural enzymes, artificial enzymes have great ad-
vantages, such as better design flexibility, high efficiency and substrate
specificity, especially their excellent stability. Therefore, it is very im-
portant for scientists to pay more efforts to develop effective mimetic
enzymes based on colorimetric methods for biosensing and pharma-
ceutical processes.
In this work, we synthesized ultrathin 2D Ni-MOF nanosheets by a
simple solvothermal method and the nanosheet showed remarkable
peroxidase-like activity owing to its ultrahigh specific surface area and
numerous active sites. The obtained Ni-MOF nanosheets possess good
dispersity and stability. Thus, we employed Ni-MOF nanosheet as a
peroxidase mimetic to develop a colorimetric detection
method of H2O2 with TMB as peroxidase substrate (Scheme 1). Ni-
MOF nanosheets can rapidly catalyze oxidization of TMB into a blue
product in the presence of H2O2 which can be observed by the naked
eye. The Ni-MOF nanosheets were demonstrated to have high affinity to
the peroxidase substrate (TMB). The simple Ni-MOF nanosheets based
colorimetric platform exhibited good sensitivity and high selectivity for
H2O2 detection. Furthermore, the colorimetric method was applied to
the detection of H2O2 levels in human serum and disinfectant samples
with satisfactory results, suggesting its great potential for biocatalysis
and bioassays in the future.
2. Experimental section
2.1. Reagents and apparatus
TMB were commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich. All other
reagents were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Shanghai
Co., Ltd., All aqueous solution was prepared by deionized water
throughout the experiments.
2.2. Apparatus and characterization
Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images and
transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the Ni-MOF na-
nosheet were obtained by a Zeiss, Supra 55 instrument and JEM-2100
instrument (operated at an acceleration voltage of 200 kV), respec-
tively. Tecnai G2 F30 transmission electron microscopy at an accel-
eration voltage of 300 kV was used to acquire high resolution
255
Talanta 189 (2018) 254–261
transmission electron microscopy and EDS mapping images. The crystal
structures of Ni-MOF nanosheet were determined by Bruker AXS D8
Advance diffractometer. Absorbance spectra were acquired on a
UV2550 spectrometer (SHIMADZU) by using a 1 cm path length cell.
2.3. Synthesis of Ni-MOF nanosheets
Ni-MOF were synthesized by the reported work [27,28]. In a typical
synthesis, p-benzenedicarboxylic acid (PTA, 0.166 g) and Ni
(NO3)2·6H2O (0.096 g) were dissolved in 20 mL N,N-dimethylforma-
mide (DMF) with stirring at room temperature. The mixture was further
stirred until completely dissolved, and then 2 mL of NaOH (0.4 M) was
slowly added drop by drop. The above solution was finally transformed
into a 50 mL Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave, and kept at 100 °C
for 8 h. After cooling to room temperature, a large amount of DMF and
alcohol were used to wash the resulting precipitate several times. The
final products were dried at 60 °C for 12 h and the Ni-based MOF na-
nosheets were obtained.
2.4. Kinetic assay of Ni-MOF Nanosheets for catalyze oxidization process
The reaction kinetic measurements were carried out by using
0.3 mg/mL of Ni-MOF nanosheets with TMB or H2O2 as substrate at
50 °C in acetate buffer solution (pH 3.5). Kinetic data were collected by
fixing the H2O2 concentration (100 μM) as constant while varying TMB
concentration. Similarly, kinetic data of H2O2 were measured by
keeping the TMB concentration (1 mM) as constant and the con-
centration of H2O2 was varied. The Michaelis–Menten constant (Km)
was calculated by the Michaelis–Menten equation:
V0 = Vmax [S]/(Km + [S])
where V0 is the initial velocity, Vmax is the maximal reaction velocity
and [S] is the concentration of the substrate.
2.5. H2O2 detection test
For detection of H2O2, 0.75 mg Ni-MOF was added into 2.5 mL
acetate buffer solution (0.1 M, pH 3.5), containing 100 μL H2O2 (0.1 M)
and 50 μL TMB solution (50 mM in DMSO). The mixture was subjected
to a 50 °C water bath reaction for 30 min. Then, the reaction solution
was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 min to isolate precipitate, and the
J. Chen et al.
absorbance at 652 nm of the supernatant was recorded by UV–vis ab-
sorption.
2.6. Real sample preparation and analysis
2.6.1. H2O2 analysis in human serum samples
Human serum samples were acquired by centrifugation (3000 g/
5 min) to remove cells and cellular debris from human whole blood
samples which obtained from the hospital of Yangzhou university, and
then stored at 4 °C for future use.
To evaluate H2O2 assays in real biological samples, the analysis of
real samples was carried out as follows: each 10 μL serum samples were
diluted 50 times with 0.1 M acetate solution (pH 3.5), and then 0.15 mg
Ni-MOF nanosheets, 1.0 mM TMB were added respectively. Different
concentrations of standard H2O2 (1, 10, and 100 μM) were added into
human serum to prepare the spiked samples. After reaction for 30 min
at 50 °C, the reaction solution was centrifuged. The supernatant was
detected with the same measurement steps as mentioned above. The
H2O2 levels in serum samples and recovered ratios of H2O2 were cal-
culated.
2.6.2. H2O2 analysis in disinfectant
At first, commercial disinfectant samples were diluted for 100 times.
Each 2.5 μL diluted disinfectant samples were diluted 1000 times with
0.1 M acetate solution (pH 3.5), and then 0.75 mg Ni-MOF nanosheets,
1.0 mM TMB were added respectively. Different concentrations of
standard H2O2 (10, 20, and 50 μM) were spiked into disinfectant sam-
ples. The H2O2 levels in disinfectant samples and recovered ratios of
H2O2 were calculated.
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Characterization of Ni-MOF nanosheet
The morphology and microstructure of Ni-MOF nanosheet were
Fig. 1. (A) and (B) are the SEM images of Ni-MOF. (C) and (D) are the TEM images of Ni-MOF.
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Talanta 189 (2018) 254–261
characterized with SEM and TEM. From Fig. 1, it can be seen that the
structure of Ni-MOF was loosely packed nanosheets. The high-magni-
fication SEM image (Fig. 1B) further revealed that the surface of Ni-
MOF nanosheet was uniform and smooth. The fact that the synthesized
product was composed of nanosheets was proved by a detailed ex-
amination with high-resolution TEM (Fig. 1D), and the nanosheets were
very transparent.
As shown in Fig. 2B, the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS)
mapping of Ni-MOF demonstrates C, O and Ni three elements
are homogeneous distributed within the nanosheets. Moreover, the
EDX spectrum (Fig. 2C) exhibits that the nanosheets consist of C, O
and Ni elements. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) (Fig. 2D) was
typical used to identify the crystal structure, and Fig. 2D showed
that the diffraction pattern of the synthesized sample was in good
agreement with that simulated from the single-crystal data of
[Ni3(OH)2(C8H4O4)2(H2O)4]·2H2O. As shown in the picture, the (100)
plane of the sample can be identified as the largest exposed facet.
3.2. Peroxidase-like activity of Ni-MOF nanosheet
To evaluate whether Ni-MOF can be applied as peroxidase mimics,
we first studied the catalytic oxidation abilities of the as-prepared na-
nosheets toward chromogenic substrate TMB in the presence of H2O2. It
was observed from the inset of Fig. 3A that the Ni-MOF nanosheets
produced an obvious blue color in the TMB-H2O2 system, demon-
strating that the nanosheets can accelerate the oxidation of TMB. The
reaction evolution process were further monitored by UV–vis spectra.
The absorbance value at 652 nm of the corresponding absorption
spectrum appeared significant increase (curve d in Fig. 3). In contrast,
neither Ni-MOF nor H2O2 with TMB system showed negligible color
variation and no appearance of the oxidation peak in the control ex-
periments (curves b and c in Fig. 3), indicating that both two compo-
nents must be required for the reaction. Furthermore, the absorbance of
Ni-MOF and TMB system at 652 nm increased with the concentration of
H2O2 increasing (Fig. 3B). The results clearly confirmed that the Ni-
J. Chen et al. Talanta 189 (2018) 254–261

Fig. 2. (A) HRTEM image of Ni-MOF nanosheet. (B) EDS-mapping images of Ni-MOF nanosheet. (C) EDX spectrum and (D) XRD pattern of the Ni-MOF nanosheets.

MOF can be considered as an efficient peroxidase mimic to imitate Table 1

horseradish peroxidase and has a peroxidase-like activity. The reaction Comparison of Km and Vmax of the oxidation reaction catalyzed by Ni-MOF
mechanism possibly involves the two following steps: H2O2 was firstly nanosheet and reported HRP.
adsorbed onto the surface of Ni-MOF nanosheet, and the O−O bond Catalyst Substance Km/mM Vmax [10-8 M s-1] Reference
was broken into ·OH. Then, TMB was oxidized by ·OH to produce a blue-
colored product [29]. HRP TMB 0.434 10.00 [33]
H2O2 3.702 8.71
Ni-MOF nanosheet TMB 0.365 6.53 This work
3.3. Kinetic studies of the peroxidase-like activity of the Ni-MOF nanosheet H2O2 2.49 130

In order to get a better insight into the kinetic mechanism of Ni-

MOF as a peroxidase mimic, steady-state kinetic assays are conducted
by keeping one substrate concentration constant and changing the
concentration of the other. The typical Michaelis−Menten curves for
TMB and H2O2 obtained by plotting the initial reaction rate against
concentration were displayed in Fig. S1. The Michaelis–Menten con-
stant (Km) and maximal reaction velocity (Vmax) can be calculated ac-
cording to Lineweaver−Burk plots and were summarized in Table 1.
Km is commonly considered as an index of enzyme affinity to its sub-
strate. The lower Km means the stronger the affinity between the cat-
alysts and the substrate [30]. The results in Table 1 show that the Km
value of Ni-MOF with both H2O2 and TMB are much lower compared
with natural enzyme HRP, suggesting that Ni-MOF has a much higher
affinity for two substrates than HRP [31,32].

Fig. 3. (A) UV–Vis spectra of Ni-MOF (a) TMB/Ni-MOF solution (b) TMB/H2O2 solution (c) and TMB/H2O2/Ni-MOF solution (d) in 0.1 mM acetate buffer solution
(pH 3.5). (B) The absorption spectra of Ni-MOF (0.3 mg/mL) and TMB (0.5 mM) system upon adding various concentrations of H2O2 (30 μM- 210 μM).

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J. Chen et al. Talanta 189 (2018) 254–261

Fig. 4. Dependence of the peroxidase-like activity of Ni-MOF on pH (A), temperature (B), time (C) and concentration of TMB (D).

3.4. Detection of H2O2 experiments was set as 1 mM.

On the basis of the above optimum assay conditions, a sensing
As we all known, the catalytic activity of mimetic peroxidases which system involving Ni-MOF and TMB was developed for colorimetric
are similar to natural enzyme was usually dependent on varied reaction detection of H2O2. To conduct the experiment of quantitative detection
conditions, such as the pH value, temperature, reaction time and the of H2O2, we used the developed method by adding different con-
TMB or H2O2 concentration. To investigate how the pH of the buffer centrations of H2O2 into acetate buffer (0.1 M, pH 3.5) containing Ni-
solution influences the TMB-H2O2 catalytic reaction, the catalytic ex- MOF and TMB (1 mM) at 50 °C to react for 30 min. The UV−vis ab-
periments in buffer solution with a range of values of pH (2.5–8) were sorption of Ni-MOF with different concentrations of H2O2 is described
carried out. It was shown in Fig. 4A, the catalytic activity of Ni-MOF in Fig. 5. It was shown that the absorption intensity at 652 nm of the
was largely inhibited after incubation in weakly acidic and basic solu- oxidized TMB increased sharply with increasing concentration of H2O2,
tions, and when after which it gradually slowed and tend to be saturated. The plot shows
the value of pH was 3.5, Ni-MOF exhibited the highest catalytic a good linear relationship (R2 =0.9924) between the absorbance and
activity. The incubation temperature also has a great effect on catalytic H2O2 concentration from 0.04 μM to 160 μM. The upper inset of Fig. 5
activity of Ni-MOF and the related experiment was conducted in the showed the corresponding photographs of different reaction solutions.
range from 20 °C to 70 °C. From Fig. 4B, we can see that the absorbance Accordingly, it was clearly observed by naked-eye visualization that the
value of the reaction system increased and then decreased with in- color of the reaction solution was gradually changed from colorless to
creasing temperatures and had a peak value at 50 °C. Thus, the optimal pale blue, and to dark blue when the concentration of H2O2 increased.
temperature of the reaction was confirmed as 50 °C. In addition, time
and TMB concentration determine the color level of the reaction
system. Fig. 4C displayed time dependent absorption studies, which
were performed in buffer solution of pH 3.5 and the temperature was
maintained at 50 °C. The results demonstrated that 30 min the catalytic
activity of Ni-MOF increased dramatically with time increasing before
30 min, whereas after 30 min the catalytic activity of Ni-MOF increased
with time slowly. Therefore, 30 min is ensured optimum reaction time.
The relationship between the absorbance values at 652 nm and TMB
concentrations was provided in Fig. 4D. It was found that the catalytic
rate increased with increasing concentration of TMB. When the con-
centration range of TMB is relatively low, the relationship between the
concentration of TMB and catalytic activity is nearly linear. With
the increase of TMB concentration, the absorbance value tend to be
saturated. Therefore, the result of the substrate concentration-depen-
dent experiment showed that the largest Ni-MOF activity could be ob-
tained by adding 1 mM TMB. In light of the above considerations, the Fig. 5. Dependence of the absorbance at 652 nm on different concentration of
optimal pH and temperature were chosen for subsequent experiments H2O2. The upper and lower insets show the corresponding photographs of
were pH 3.5 and 50 °C. The concentration of TMB for the following different solutions and linear calibration plot, respectively.

258
J. Chen et al. Talanta 189 (2018) 254–261

Table 2 long-term stability is another important indicator for studying the cat-
Comparison of different MOFs and other nanomaterials for H2O2 detection in alytic ability of nanozymes. The developed sensor was stored in am-
terms of linear range and LOD. bient environment and was tested continuously every week, when the
Nanozyme Principle Liner range LOD Ref storage time up to 30 days the peroxidase-like activity still maintained
(μM) (μM) at least 95% of the initial value, indicating the developed sensor has a
good stability.
MP− 11/Tb@mesoMOFs/ Electro-chemical 3.02–640 0.996 [34]
CHIT-AuNPs/3D-KSCs
HRP-MIL− 100(Cr)-B 0.5–3000 0.1 [35] 3.6. Real sample analysis
Ni(II)-MOFs/CNTs 10–51600 2.1 [36]
MOF(Co/2Fe) Colorimetric 10–100 5 [37] 3.6.1. Detection of H2O2 in human serum samples
MIL− 68/MIL− 100 3.0–40 0.256/ [38]
To evaluate the feasibility of the Ni-MOF nanosheet in practical
0.155
Glycine-MIL− 53(Fe) 0.10–10 0.049 [39]
application, the recovery measurements were conducted to monitor the
Cu–Hemin MOFs 1.0–1000 0.42 [40] H2O2 content in human serum samples. It is well-known that the im-
Fe3O4 @MIL− 100(Fe) 0.2–30 0.089 [41] balance of H2O2 will lead to many diseases [50].
HPPtCuDs 0.3–325 0.1 [42] Therefore, it is significant to detect H2O2 concentrations in biolo-
Cysteamine-Au 2–200 0.5 [43]
gical environments. Fig. 6B showed the absorption spectra and the color
Ti3+NPs 1–1000 0.5 [44]
H2TCPP-Co3O4 1–75 0.4 [45] changes of the human serum spiked with different concentrations of
JFSNs 1–100 10.6 [46] H2O2 (1, 10, and 100 μM). It was clearly observed that in the spiked
3DRGO-Fe3O4-Pd 0.5–60 0.13 [47] serum the color gradients were presented with the increase of H2O2
Pt NCs 0–200 0.46 [31]
concentrations. This proved that Ni-MOF nanosheet can be used to
PtPd NDs/GNs 0.5–150 0.1 [48]
MoS2–Pt74Ag26 1–50 0.4 [49]
support a colorimetric detection for visual sensing of H2O2. What's
Ni-MOF 0.04–160 0.008 This more, the content of H2O2 in reaction solution was calculated according
work to regression equation obtained from the linear relationship in Fig. 5.
The obtained results were listed in Table S1. The recoveries of H2O2
were between 98% and 113% and the relative standard deviation (RSD)
The result obtained by the naked eye was well in accordance with that values were limited in 2.3–5.8%, demonstrating this colorimetric H2O2
of the UV−vis spectrometer, indicating that the developed visual sensor has a good accuracy for the analysis of targets in real sample.
method is feasible. In addition, the limit of detection (LOD) of H2O2
defined as a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 3, was calculated to be 8 nM, 3.6.2. Detection of H2O2 in disinfectant
which was much lower than those of the earlier reported colorimetric In order to verify the reliability of our method in practical analysis,
H2O2 sensors (listed in Table 2). The results indicated that the proposed the content of hydrogen peroxide in the disinfectant was also de-
Ni-MOF colorimetric approach was highly sensitive and efficient. termined. As shown in Table S2, it showed that the H2O2 level was
determined to be 1.081 M, which is close to the value of 1.106 M ob-
3.5. Selectivity and stability tained by standard colorimetric method. The Recovery rates were
measured between 102.3~105.9%. This shows that our method has
Anti-interference property is an important parameter for sensors. To good accuracy in the determination of practical samples.
further evaluate the property of the proposed method for H2O2 detec-
tion, control experiments were performed by monitoring the absor- 4. Conclusion
bance changes upon addition of various interfering substances. Fig. 6A
shows the absorption intensity of the Ni-MOF for respective additions of In summary, we synthesized 2D Ni-MOF nanosheets by a simple
80 µM isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, oxolane, acetone, ethyl acetate, KCl, solvothermal method. The as-prepared Ni-MOF nanosheets showed
ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), salicylic acid (SA), uric acid (UA) high catalytic activity for TMB oxidation in presence of H2O2. Catalytic
and 80 µM H2O2. And the color change of interfering substances is mechanism analysis indicated the enzymatic kinetics of Ni-MOF na-
shown in Fig. 6A inset. The results indicated that existence of control nosheets follow typical Michaelis−Menten theory. Furthermore, the
compounds with equivalent did not cause significant color changes of catalytic activity of Ni-MOF was strongly dependent on pH and tem-
the solutions. The interference even could be ignored. However, a sig- perature. On this basis, a simple, highly selective and sensitive colori-
nificant blue color change was observed by the addition of the target metric sensor for detection of H2O2 by Ni-MOF/H2O2/TMB system was
H2O2, suggesting the high selectivity of the developed method. The explored. Owing to the color change from colorless to blue was easily

Fig. 6. (A) Selectivity analysis of Ni-MOF/TMB system for the detection of H2O2 (Concentration of each test substances: 80 μM). (B) The absorption spectra of the
human serum (10 μL) spiked with different H2O2 concentrations (0, 1, 10, and 100 μM). The insets of Fig. 6: the corresponding photographs of visual color change.

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J. Chen et al.
observed by the naked eye, the visual detection of H2O2 could also be
realized. As a mimetic peroxidase, Ni-MOF nanosheet has the ad-
vantages of excellent catalytic activity, low cost, easy preparation, and
easy storage. Thus, the designed H2O2 sensor has a promising appli-
cations in biochemical analysis and clinical diagnosis.
The devices for POC (point-of-care) testing are identified to be
sensitive, user-friendly, affordable, rapid and less sample consumption.
Our system may be used for application in POC devices, because the
targets can be detected by the colorimetric method or the naked eye
without sophisticated instruments. Also, the low cost of the reagents
and the simple operations make our method suitable for application in
POC testing. However, there are still some problems needing to be
further improved, compared with the requirements of POC devices, the
sample consumption in our system is a little large, it should be better for
reducing to microliter or nanoliter level. Our system may be combined
with array microfluidics chips for simultaneously high-throughput de-
tecting multiple samples. Since independent assay can be performed in
each parallel micro-reactors. Thus shortening the assay time and re-
ducing the regent consumption.
Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the NSFC
(Nos. 21705141, 21275124, 21275125, 21575124 and 21675140),
Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds (1601075C),
Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (2016M601897), PAPD and
TAPP of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, the High-end Talent
Project of Yangzhou University, the 14th Six talent peaks project in
Jiangsu Province (SWYY-085), Higher Education Outstanding Scientific
and Technological Innovation Team of Jiangsu Province (2017-6),
Graduate Innovation Project Foundation of Jiangsu province (KYLX
1333 and KYLX 1334) and Natural Science Research Projects of Jiangsu
Higher Education (16KJB150044). Yangzhou University Innovation
and Cultivation Fund (2016CXJ014).
Appendix A. Supplementary material
Supplementary data associated with this article can be found in the
online version at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.075.
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