3B FORMAL PRESENTATION

Comparing
Depression
and Anxiety
Lecturer: Mrs. Nguyen Thi Minh Tram
Presenters: Tran Thu Hang, Tran Ngoc Tram, Nguyen Ha Vi (Group 3)
 GROUP 3 MEMBERS

Thu Hang Ngoc Tram Ha Vi

DISCLAIMER
Tim (20)
Matthew (20)
 Tim (20)
Constantly worried and in fear for no reasons
Has difficulty concentrating
Tired all the time and has not been able to sleep
well for months
Can you tell who has which?
Matthew (20)
Constantly worried and lost all interest
Has difficulty concentrating
Tired all the time and has not been able to sleep
well for months
Can You Tell
Depression and
Anxiety Apart?
SURVEY CONDUCTED IN NOVEMBER, 2021

Participants: 150 university students

Purpose: gathering information on how much people
think they know about depression and anxiety
 How much do you care about the
topic of mental well-being?
Maybe
100 36.4%
Yes
43%

75

50

25 No
20.5%

Do you think you can tell depression

0
1 (I don't care) 2 3 4 5 (I care a lot) and anxiety apart?

Retrieved from the survey "Can You Tell Depression and Anxiety Apart?"
CONTENT
1. Definition
2. Symptoms
3. Causes
4. The relationship between
depression and anxiety
1. Definition
ANXIETY DISORDER
Excessive fear, anxiety, related behavioral and
physical changes

DEPRESSION
Persistent sadness and a lack of interest or pleasure in
previously enjoyable activities

Retrieved from American Psychiatric Association, 2013

 2. SYMPTOMS

Counseling, Hoffstetter. “Depression Signs, Symptoms, Latest Treatments, Tests, and More.” Lora Hoffstetter, 17 July 2019, https://www.hoffstettercounseling.com/post/depression-
signs-symptoms-latest-treatments-tests-and-more. [image]
 SYMILAR SYMPTOMS
Physical markers
Mental markers
Difficulty
concentrating

Agitation Restlessness
Worry

Fear Apprehension
Chronic pain

Sleep disturbance
 Key symptoms of Key symptoms of
Depression Anxiety

LOW MOOD HYPERVIGILANCE

"high alert"

Langton, C. E., & Berger, L. M. (2011). Family structure and adolescent physical health, behavior, and emotional
well-being. Social Service Review, 85(3), 323–357. doi :10.1086/661922 [image]
 “. . . anxiety and depression are
experienced differently. In this way,
the two states might be considered
two sides of the same coin.”
(Deborah, 2020)

GIF retrieved from https://gfycat.com/cookedwideeskimodog

Deborah, G. (2020, July 7). Anxiety vs. Depression Symptoms and Treatment. Verywellmind. Retrieved November 13, 2021, from https://www.verywellmind.com/am-i-anxious-404568
Death
 I would try to avoid
it so that I will not
feel anxious
There's no point
trying or changing
3. CAUSES
=
Biological
factor

Retrieved from: New tool offers snapshots of neuron activity. (2017, June 26). [Image].
https://news.mit.edu/2017/new-tool-offers-snapshots-neuron-activity-0626
 Brain ~ Computer circuit
Retrieved from What Causes Depression? (2019, February 13). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fid1LnGYp3s
Retrieved from What Causes Depression? (2019, February 13). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fid1LnGYp3s
Retrieved from What Causes Depression? (2019, February 13). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fid1LnGYp3s
 Emotional trauma
Emotional abuse
Physical abuse
Emotional neglect
(Kascakova et al., 2020, p. 414)

Environmental
factor Early losses

The death of a parent or the

withdrawal of a loved one's
affection.
(Harvard Health Publishing, 2019)
 High rates of different EETs among
individuals with ADs

Trauma Abuse

(Fernandes & Osório, 2015, pp. 756–764)

THE CASE OF TOM
Early losses

The death of a Lack of affection Depression

loved one
 OVERLAP
between
Depression & Anxiety
 Diagnosed with
both depression
and anxiety

Beth Crowley
Singer and Youtube Content Creator

Retrieved from Crowley, B. J. [bethjcrowley]. (2018, August 16). How I Was Diagnosed with Depression and Anxiety: Mental Health Chat [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TdB-W9MSmPg
 Among patients in the
community who meet
criteria for major
depression,
approximately 50% are
also suffering from an
anxiety disorder.
(Hirschfeld, 2001)
Percentage of Patients With Major Depression Who
Also Suffer From a Current Anxiety Disorder

Kessler R. C., Nelson C., McGonagle K. A., et al. (1996). Comorbidity of DSM-III-R major depressive disorder in the general population: results from the US National Comorbidity
Survey. Br J Psychiatry. Vol. 168(suppl 30): 17–30
The coexistence of anxiety
and depression is the rule
rather than the exception.
(Baldwin et al., 2002, p.161)
 They are both connected to the
1 same brain areas
Baldwin et al., 2002, p.162

Why do
they Neurotransmitters

overlap?
Chemicals &
hormones
 They can result from the
2 same events in life

Why do
they
overlap?
 3 One may cause the other

Why do A person is more

likely to develop
they one illness if
they’ve already
overlap? had the other.
(Hirschfled, 2001)

Likelihood of Developing Major Depressive Disorder Within

1 Year in Patients Diagnosed With an Anxiety Disorder

Kessler R. C., Nelson C., McGonagle K. A., et al. (1996). Comorbidity of DSM-III-R major depressive disorder in the general population: results from the US National Comorbidity
Survey. Br J Psychiatry. Vol. 168(suppl 30): 17–30
 3 One may cause the other

Why do
they
overlap?
 Tim (20)
Constantly worried and in fear for no reasons
Has difficulty concentrating
Tired all the time and has not been able to sleep
well for months
Can you tell who has which, now?
Matthew (20)
Constantly worried and lost all interest
Has difficulty concentrating
Tired all the time and has not been able to sleep
well for months
REFERENCE LIST

American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental

Disorders (DSM-5), Fifth edition. Washington, DC

Negele, A., Kaufhold, J., Kallenbach, L., & Leuzinger-Bohleber, M. (2015). Childhood
Trauma and Its Relation to Chronic Depression in Adulthood. Depression Research and
Treatment, 2015, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/650804

Fernandes, V., & Osório, F. (2015). Are There Associations Between Early Emotional
Trauma and Anxiety Disorders? Evidence from a Systematic Literature Review and
Meta-Analysis. European Psychiatry, 30(6), 756–764.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.06.004
Harvard Health. (2019, June 24). What causes depression?. Retrieved from
https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/what-causes-depression

Maron, E., & Nutt, D. (2017). Biological markers of generalized anxiety disorder. Dialogues
in clinical neuroscience, 19(2), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2017.19.2/dnutt

What Causes Depression? – What We Know in 2019. (2019). YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fid1LnGYp3s

What is depression? - Helen M. Farrell. (2015, December 15). YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-IR48Mb3W0&t=130s

What’s normal anxiety - and what’s an anxiety disorder? | Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter.
(2021, July 1). YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xsEJ6GeAGb0&t=176s
Hirschfeld R. M. (2001). The Comorbidity of Major Depression and Anxiety Disorders:
Recognition and Management in Primary Care. Primary care companion to the Journal of
clinical psychiatry, 3(6), 244–254. https://doi.org/10.4088/pcc.v03n0609

Baldwin D. S., Evans D. L., Hirschfeld R. M., Kasper S. (2002). Can We Distinguish Anxiety
From Depression. Psychopharmacology Bulletin: Summer 2002, Vol. 36, Supplement
No.2, 158–168.

Tjornehoj, T. (2020, October 6). The relationship between anxiety and depression.
Hartgrove Behavioral Health System. Retrieved November 28, 2021, from
https://www.hartgrovehospital.com/relationship-anxiety-depression/.

Jacobson, N. C., & Newman, M. G. (2014). Avoidance mediates the relationship between
anxiety and depression over a decade later. Journal of anxiety disorders, 28(5), 437–445.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.03.007