WCS STUDY GUIDE

CREATED BY THE SECTION ON WOMEN'S HEALTH WCS STUDY GUIDE COMMITTEE

LAST UPDATED: 12.4.2016

WWW.WOMENSHEALTHAPTA.ORG
WELCOME
Congratulations on your decision to sit for the WCS Exam! The following items are intended to assist you in
your preparation for the exam, but are by no means an exhaustive list of resources. We are simply sharing with
you the strategies that helped us succeed when we took the exam ourselves.

A couple thoughts to begin with:

+ Remember that the exam has been written for a couple years; focus on evidence that was published prior
to 2014.
+ This timeline is merely a suggestion and designed to help you budget your time and resources
+ Don’t forget the DSP—it is a valuable resource to keep you on track as well
+ Remember that completion of all these steps cannot ensure a passing grade, and we are not responsible
for the outcome of your exam (though we surely hope for a passing score for you!)
+ Reading alone may not be the most optimal studying strategy. Having conversations about materials,
testing your knowledge with someone else, talking through confusing points, or creating lists and tables are
excellent strategies to work the information into your brain.
+ Find sample tests from similar exams, like a Women’s Health ARNP exam. Remember, any PT who has taken
the WCS Exam has signed a confidentiality agreement and is not allowed to share any information from the
exam.

Below are some strategies that we utilized that were helpful:

+ Form a study group. We started with 3 people and ended up mostly studying as a pair; this is simply what
worked for us. See “How to form a Study Group.”
+ Set deadlines for yourself and your partner(s); plan to meet in person or virtually (Skype, GoogleChat,
conference call, etc) 1--‐2 times/week to talk over what you’ve been studying.
+ Work to your strengths! Are you a Spreadsheet Wizard? Are you a fast reader? Is technology easy for you or a
challenge? What texts do you already own? Do you have access to a University--‐level Library?
+ Split up chapters/papers to review & create an outline of each. For example, I reviewed a chapter about
Pelvic Floor Dysfunction and my partner reviewed a chapter about Breast Cancer. We shared the outlines
with each other, and when we met, we reviewed what we read with one another.
+ Create a master outline by combining all of the outlines you share with one another. Make a second copy.
As you review this document, delete sections you feel confident. As you pare down the document, you will
find yourself reviewing sticky points over and over again. This is particularly valuable in the final few weeks
when you are done reading new materials and can continue to “massage the information into your brain.”
+ Take courses! If a Live Course is not in your budget or timeline, consider options for online courses through
the SOWH or other online resources.

Good luck!
The SOWH WCS Study Guide Committee
WCS STUDY TIMELINE
Week Topic Total Pages
1 Female Development & Anatomy 89

2 Female Athlete 111

3 Pregnancy & Postpartum 1 157

4 Pregnancy & Postpartum 2 148

5 Pregnancy & Postpartum 3 142

6 Menopause & Aging 90

7 Pelvic Health: Bladder dysfunction 369 * (includes 2 Cochrane

Reviews)
8 Pelvic Health: Bowel dysfunction 157

9 Catch Up Week NA

10 Pelvic Pain 178

11 Oncology: Urogyn Cancer 36

12 Oncology: Lymphedema 203

13 Oncology: Lymphedema & Breast Cancer 132

14 Urogyn Surgeries/Diagnostic tests/Imaging 21

15 Osteoporosis 201

16 Special Tests/Outcome Measures NA

STUDY STRATEGIES
Outline each chapter as you review it; at the end of the reading list you'll have a study
guide to review.
Create a 2nd copy of the outline; as you review it, delete portions that you have a good
understanding of, leaving sections you feel you still need to review more.
By the last few weeks before the exam, you should have a pared down guide to review
sticky points.
Be sure to check online or your local University or Hospital library to look for individual
chapters of books you do not own.
Week 9 is a Catch Up week without "assignments." You may want to move articles from
the first 8 weeks into this week to read, or use it as a cushion if you get behind.

TEXTBOOK RECOMMENDATIONS
Bo, K., Berghmans, B., Morkved, S., & Van Kampen, M. (2015). Evidence-Based Physical
Therapy for the Pelvic Floor: Bridging Science and Clinical Practice (2nd ed.). Churchill
Livingstone
Boissonnault, W. (2011). Primary Care for the Physical Therapist: Examination and Triage
(2nd ed.). Saunders
Carriere, B., & Markel Feldt, C. (2006). The Pelvic Floor (1st ed.). Stuttgart, Germany: Thieme
Medical Pub
Goodman, C. (2012). Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapists: Screening for Referral (5th
ed.). Saunders
Irion, J., & Irion, G. (2010). Women’s Health in Physical Therapy. (G. I. Jean M. Irion, Ed.)
(1st ed.). Philadelphia, United States : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Lee, D. (2010). The Pelvic Girdle: An Integration of Clinical Expertise and Research (4th ed.).
Churchill Livingstone
Magee, D. (2013). Orthopedic Physical Assessment (6th ed.). Saunders
Netter, F. (2014). Atlas of Human Anatomy (6th ed.). Saunders
O’Sullivan, S., Schmitz, T., & Fulk, G. (2013). Physical Rehabilitation (6th ed.). F.A. Davis
Schneider, C., Dennehy, C., & Carter, S. (2003). Exercise and Cancer Recovery (1st ed.).
Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics Publishers
Földi, M., Földi, E., & Kubik, S. (2003). Textbook of lymphology. Munchen: Urban and Fischer,
251-2.
WEEK 1: FEMALE DEVELOPMENT & ANATOMY
Source Pages Citation
Irion, J., & Irion, G. (2010). Women’s Health in Physical Therapy. (G. I. Jean M.
Irion 2010, Ch 6 Anatomy 11
Irion, Ed.) (1st ed.). Philadelphia, United States : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Irion, J., & Irion, G. (2010). Women’s Health in Physical Therapy. (G. I. Jean M.
Irion 2010, Ch 17 23
Irion, Ed.) (1st ed.). Philadelphia, United States : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Irion, J., & Irion, G. (2010). Women’s Health in Physical Therapy. (G. I. Jean M.
Irion 2010, Ch 27 30
Irion, Ed.) (1st ed.). Philadelphia, United States : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Sapsford RR, Hodges PW. Contraction of the pelvic floor muscles during
Sapsford 2001 7
abdominal maneuvers. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82(8):1081-8
Wei JT, DeLancey JO. Functional anatomy of the pelvic floor and lower urinary
Wei 2004 14
tract. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2004;47(1):3-17
Ward KA, Das G, Berry JL, et al. Vitamin D status and muscle function in post-
Ward 2009 4
menarchal adolescent girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94:559-63
SOWH Common Forms: Anatomy, pp 2-13 NA http://www.womenshealthapta.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Common-Forms-09.pdf
Total Pages 89
WEEK 2: FEMALE ATHLETE
Source Pages Citation
Irion, J., & Irion, G. (2010). Women’s Health in Physical Therapy. (G. I. Jean M.
Irion 2010 Ch 24 25
Irion, Ed.) (1st ed.). Philadelphia, United States : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Mottola, M. F., Davenport, M. H., Brun, C. R., Inglis, S. D., Charlesworth, S., &
Mottola 2006 6 Sopper, M. M. (2006). VO2peak prediction and exercise prescription for
pregnant women. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 38(8), 1389-95.
Birch K. ABC of sports and exercise medicine: Female athlete triad (clinical
Birch 2005 3
review). BMJ. 2005;330:244-6
Joy EA, Van Hala S, Cooper L. Health-related concerns of the female athlete: A
Joy 2009 6
lifespan approach. Am Family Physician. 2009;79(6):489-95
Hewett TE, Myer GD, Ford KR, et al. Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular
control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament
Hewett 2005 9
injury risk in female athletes: A prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33(4):
492-501
Hewett TE, Myer GD, Ford KR. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female
Hewett 2006 (Part 1) 12 athletes: Part 1, Mechanisms and risk factors. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34(2):299-
311
Hewett, T. E., Ford, K. R., & Myer, G. D. (2006). Anterior cruciate ligament injuries
in female athletes Part 2, A meta-analysis of neuromuscular interventions
Hewett 2006 (Part 2) 8
aimed at injury prevention. The American journal of sports medicine, 34(3), 490-
498.
Pantano KJ. Strategies used by physical therapists in the U.S. for the treatment
Pantano 2009 8
and prevention of the female athlete triad. Phys Ther in Sport. 2009;10(1):3-11
Rooks Y, Corwell BN. Female athlete triad. Cur Opinion Orthopaed. 2006;17(2):
Rooks 2006 5
149-54
Mendelsohn F, Warren M. Anorexia, bulimia, and the female athlete triad:
Mendelsohn 2009 12 Evaluation and management. Endocrinol & Metab Clinics of N Am. 2009;39(1):
155-67
Warren M, Perlroth N. The effects of intense exercise on the female
Warren 2001 8
reproductive system. J Endocrin. 2001. 170:3-11
Christo K, Prabhakaran R, Lamparello B, et al. Bone metabolism in adolescent
Christo 2008 9 athletes with amenorrhea, athletes with eumenorrhea, and control subjects.
Pediatrics. 2008;121:1127-36
Total Pages 111
WEEK 3: PREGNANCY & POSTPARTUM I
Source Pages Citation
Irion, J., & Irion, G. (2010). Women’s Health in Physical Therapy. (G. I.
Irion 2010, Ch 11 20 Jean M. Irion, Ed.) (1st ed.). Philadelphia, United States : Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins
Irion, J., & Irion, G. (2010). Women’s Health in Physical Therapy. (G. I.
Irion 2010, Ch 12 26 Jean M. Irion, Ed.) (1st ed.). Philadelphia, United States : Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins
Irion, J., & Irion, G. (2010). Women’s Health in Physical Therapy. (G. I.
Irion 2010, Ch 13 21 Jean M. Irion, Ed.) (1st ed.). Philadelphia, United States : Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins
Irion, J., & Irion, G. (2010). Women’s Health in Physical Therapy. (G. I.
Irion 2010, Ch 14 21 Jean M. Irion, Ed.) (1st ed.). Philadelphia, United States : Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins
Irion, J., & Irion, G. (2010). Women’s Health in Physical Therapy. (G. I.
Irion 2010, Ch 15 33 Jean M. Irion, Ed.) (1st ed.). Philadelphia, United States : Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins
Irion, J., & Irion, G. (2010). Women’s Health in Physical Therapy. (G. I.
Irion 2010, Ch 16 36 Jean M. Irion, Ed.) (1st ed.). Philadelphia, United States : Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins
Total Pages 157
WEEK 4: PREGNANCY & POSTPARTUM II
Source Pages Citation
Borg-Stein J, Dugan S, Gruber J. Musculoskeletal aspects of pregnancy.
Borg-Stein 2005 12
Am J Phys Med Rehab. 2005;84:180-92
Borg-Stein, J., & Dugan, S. A. (2007). Musculoskeletal disorders of
Borg-Stein 2007 17 pregnancy, delivery and postpartum. Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 18(3), 459–76, ix.
Borg-Stein, J. P., Fogelman, D. J., & Ackerman, K. E. (2011). Exercise, sports
Borg-Stein 2011 8 participation, and musculoskeletal disorders of pregnancy and
postpartum. Seminars in Neurology, 31(4), 413–22
ACOG Committee Opinion No. 267. Exercise during pregnancy and the
ACOG Committee Opinion 2
postpartum year. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;171-3
Albert H, Godskesen M, Westergaard J. Evaluation of clinical tests used in
Albert 2000 5 classification procedures in pregnancy-related pelvic joint pain. Eur Spine
J. 2000;9:161-166
Arya LA, Jackson ND, Myers DL, Verma A. Risk of new-onset urinary
Arya 2001 5 incontinence after forceps and vacuum delivery in primiparous women.
AJOG. 2001;185(6):1318-23
Aslan E, Fynes M. Symphysial pelvic dysfunction. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol.
Aslan 2007 6
2007;19(2):133-9
Boissonnault JS, Boissonnault WG, Bartoli T. Osteoporosis during the
Boissonnault 2005 5
childbearing year. JWHPT. 2005;29(3)
Butler EE, Coon I, Druzin ML, Rose J. Postural equilibrium during pregnancy:
Butler 2006 4 Decreased stability with an increased reliance on visual cues. Am J Obstet
Gynecol. 2006;195(4):1104-8
Cook C, Massa L, Harm-Ernandes I, et al. Interrater reliability and
Cook 2007 6 diagnostic accuracy of pelvic girdle pain classification. J Manip Phys Ther.
2007;30(4):252-8
Foley BS, Buschbacher RM. Sacroiliac joint pain: anatomy, biomechanics,
Foley 2006 9
diagnosis, and treatment. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;85:997-1006
Foti T, Davids JR, Bagley A. A biomechanical analysis of gait during
Foti 2000 7
pregnancy. J Bone Joint Surg. 2000;5:625-32
Gutke A, Josefsson A, Oberg B. Pelvic girdle pain and lumbar pain in
Gutke 2007 6
relation to postpartum depressive symptoms. Spine. 2007;32(13):1430-6
Harvey MA. Pelvic floor exercises during and after pregnancy: a
Harvey 2003 11 systematic review of their role in preventing pelvic floor dysfunction. J
Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2003;25(6):487-98
Jeffreys R, Sepanchak W, Lopez B, Hardis JC III. Uterine blood flow during
Jeffreys 2006 8 supine rest and exercise after 28 weeks gestation. Br J Obstet Gynecol.
2006;113:1239-47.
Laslett M, Aprill C, McDonald B, Young S. Diagnosis of sacroiliac joint pain:
Laslett 2005 10 Validity of individual provocation tests and composites of tests. Man Ther.
2005;10:207-18
McGrath CM. Palpation of the sacroiliac joint: an anatomical and sensory
McGrath 2006 4
challenge. Int J Osteopathic Med. 2006;9:103-7
Mens A, Jan M, Vleeming A, et al. Validity of the active straight leg raise
Mens 2002 4 test for measuring disease severity in patients with posterior pelvic pain
after pregnancy. Spine. 2002;27(2):196-200
Morkved S, Bo K, Schei B, Salvesen K. Pelvic floor muscle training during
Morkved 2003 6 pregnancy to prevent urinary incontinence: A single-blind randomized
controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;101(2):313-19
 Nilsson-Wikmar L, et al. Effect of three different physical therapy
treatments on pain and activity in pregnant women with pelvic girdle
Nilsson-Wikmar 2005 6
pain. A randomized clinical trial with 3, 6, and 12 months follow up
postpartum. Spine. 2005;30(8):850-6
Oken E, Ning Y, Rifas-Shiman S, Radesky J, Rich-Edwards J, Gillman M.
Oken 2006 7 Associations of physical activity and inactivity before and during
pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;108(5):1200-7
Total Pages 148
WEEK 5: SPECIAL TOPICS IN PREGNANCY & POSTPARTUM
Source Pages Citation
Lee, D. (2010). The Pelvic Girdle: An Integration of Clinical Expertise and
Lee 2010, Ch 6 18
Research (4th ed.). Churchill Livingstone
Mottola, M. F., Davenport, M. H., Brun, C. R., Inglis, S. D., Charlesworth, S., &
Mottola 2006 6 Sopper, M. M. (2006). VO2peak prediction and exercise prescription for
pregnant women. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 38(8), 1389-95.
Pivarnik, J. M., Chambliss, H. O., Clapp, J. F., Dugan, S. A., Hatch, M. C.,
Lovelady, C. A., ... & Williams, M. A. (2006). Impact of physical activity during
Pivarnik 2006 16
pregnancy and postpartum on chronic disease risk. Medicine & Science in
Sports & Exercise, 38(5), 989-1006
(Cochrane Review) Pennick VE, Young G. Interventions for preventing and
Pennick 2007 33 treating pelvic and back pain in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:
CD001139. 2007;18(2).
Stuge B. Efficacy of a treatment program focusing on specific stabilizing
Stuge 2004 8 exercises for pelvic girdle pain after pregnancy: A randomized controlled trial.
Spine. 2004;29(4):351-9
Vleeming A, Albert HB, Ostgaard HC, Sturesson B, Stuge B. European guidelines
Vleeming 2008 26 for the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic girdle pain. Eur Spine J. 2008;17(6):
794-819
Vleeming A, DeVries HJ, Mens JM, VanWingerden JP. Possible role of the long
Vleeming 2002 6 dorsal sacroiliac ligament in women with peripartum pelvic pain. Acta Obstet
Gynecol Scan. 2002;81(5):430-6
Wang SM, DeZinno P, Ferno M. Low back pain during pregnancy: prevalence,
Wang 2004 5
risk factors and outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;104(1):65-70
Williams A, Herron-Marx S, Carolyn H. The prevalence of enduring postnatal
Williams 2007 10 perineal morbidity and its relationship to perineal trauma. Midwifery. 2007;23
(4):392-403
Wu WH, et al. Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPP): Terminology, clinical
Wu 2004 14
presentation, and prevalence. Eur Spine J. 2004;13(7):575-89
Total Pages 142
WEEK 6: MENOPAUSE & AGING
Source Pages Citation
Irion, J., & Irion, G. (2010). Women’s Health in Physical Therapy. (G. I. Jean M.
Irion 2010, Ch 19 35
Irion, Ed.) (1st ed.). Philadelphia, United States : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Irion, J., & Irion, G. (2010). Women’s Health in Physical Therapy. (G. I. Jean M.
Irion 2010, Ch 20 19
Irion, Ed.) (1st ed.). Philadelphia, United States : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Irion, J., & Irion, G. (2010). Women’s Health in Physical Therapy. (G. I. Jean M.
Irion 2010, Ch 25 30
Irion, Ed.) (1st ed.). Philadelphia, United States : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
van Dijk, G. M., Kavousi, M., Troup, J., & Franco, O. H. (2015). Health issues for
van Dijk 2015 6 menopausal women: the top 11 conditions have common solutions.
Maturitas, 80(1), 24–30.
Total Pages 90
WEEK 7: PELVIC HEALTH: BLADDER DYSFUNCTION
Source Pages Citations
Irion, J., & Irion, G. (2010). Women’s Health in Physical Therapy. (G. I.
Irion 2010, Ch 7 24 Jean M. Irion, Ed.) (1st ed.). Philadelphia, United States : Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins
Haylen, B. T., De Ridder, D., Freeman, R. M., Swift, S. E., Berghmans, B.,
Lee, J., ... & Schaer, G. N. (2010). An International Urogynecological
Haylen 2010 16 Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report
on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction. International
urogynecology journal, 21(1), 5-26.
Bø, K., & Sherburn, M. (2005). Evaluation of female pelvic-floor muscle
Bo 2005 13
function and strength. Physical Therapy, 85(3), 269–82.
Abrams, P., Andersson, K. E., Birder, L., Brubaker, L., Cardozo, L.,
Chapple, C., ... & Drake, M. (2010). Fourth International Consultation
on Incontinence Recommendations of the International Scientific
Abrams 2010 28
Committee: Evaluation and treatment of urinary incontinence, pelvic
organ prolapse, and fecal incontinence. Neurourology and
urodynamics, 29(1), 213-240
Herbison P, Plevnik S, Mantle J. Weighted vaginal cones for urinary
Herbison 2013 (Cochrane Review) 80 incontinence (Cochrane Review). In The Cochrane Library, Issue 2,
2004
Ashton-Miller JA, Howard D, DeLancey JO. The functional anatomy of
Ashton-Miller 2001 12 the female pelvic floor and stress continence control system. Scan J
Urol Nephrol Suppl. 2001;207:1-125
Barber MD. Symptoms and outcome measures of pelvic organ
Barber 2005 12
prolapse. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2005;48(3):648-61
Barber M, Bremer R, Thor K, Dolber P, Kuehl T, Coates K. Innervation of
Barber 2002 7
the female levator ani muscles. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;187:64-71
Bo K, Sherburn M. Evaluation of female pelvic-floor muscle function
Bo 2005 13
and strength. Phys Ther. 2005;85(3):269-82
Bo K, Sherburn M, Allen T. Transabdominal ultrasound measurement of
pelvic floor muscle activity when activated directly or via a
Bo 2003 6
transversus abdominus muscle contraction. Neurouro and Urodyn.
2003;22(6):582-8
Bump R, Norton PA, Zinner N, Yalcin I. Mixed urinary incontinence
Bump 2003 7 symptoms: Urodynamic findings, incontinence severity, and treatment
response. Am College. 2003;1:76-83SS
Cardosi RJ, Cox CS, Hoffman MS. Postoperative neuropathies after
Cardosi 2002 4
major pelvic surgery. ACOG. 2002;100(2):240-4
Chang HJ, Lynm C, Glass RM. Urinary incontinence in older women.
Chang 2010 NA
JAMA. 2010;303(21):2208
Fisher K, Riolo L. Clinical question: What is the evidence regarding
specific methods of pelvic floor exercise for a patient with urinary stress
Fisher 2004 9
incontinence and mild anterior vaginal wall prolapse? Phys Ther. 2004;
84(8):744-53
Dietz HP, Bennett MJ. The effect of childbirth on pelvic organ mobility.
Dietz 2003 5
Obstet Gynecol. 2003;102(2):223-8
Goode PS, Burgio KL, Richter HE, et al. Incontinence in older women.
Goode 2010 9
JAMA. 2010;303(21):2172-81
Dumoulin, C., & Hay-Smith, J. (2010). Pelvic floor muscle training versus
Dumoulin 2010 (Cochrane Review) 122 no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence
in women.Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1(1).
 Wagner TH, Subak LL. Talking about incontinence: The first step
Wagner 2010 2
toward prevention and treatment. JAMA. 2010;303(21):2184-5
Total Pages 369
WEEK 8: PELVIC HEALTH: BOWEL DYSFUNCTION
Source Pages Citations
Irion, J., & Irion, G. (2010). Women’s Health in Physical Therapy. (G. I. Jean M. Irion, Ed.)
Irion 2020, Ch 9 23
(1st ed.). Philadelphia, United States : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Brusciano, L., Limongelli, P., del Genio, G., Rossetti, G., Sansone, S., Healey, A., … del
Genio, A. (2009). Clinical and instrumental parameters in patients with constipation
Brusciano 2009 6
and incontinence: their potential implications in the functional aspects of these
disorders. International Journal of Colorectal Disease, 24(8), 961–7
Dobben, A. C., Terra, M. P., Berghmans, B., Deutekom, M., Boeckxstaens, G. E. E.,
Dobben 2006 6 Janssen, L. W. M., … Stoker, J. (2006). Functional changes after physiotherapy in fecal
incontinence. International Journal of Colorectal Disease, 21(6), 515–21
Greer, W. J., Richter, H. E., Bartolucci, A. A., & Burgio, K. L. (2008). Obesity and pelvic floor
Greer 2008 8
disorders: a systematic review. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 112(2 Pt 1), 341–9
Pretlove, S. J., Thompson, P. J., Toozs-Hobson, P. M., Radley, S., & Khan, K. S. (2008). Does
the mode of delivery predispose women to anal incontinence in the first year
Pretlove 2008 13
postpartum? A comparative systematic review. BJOG  : An International Journal of
Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 115(4), 421–34
Stoker, J. (2009). Anorectal and pelvic floor anatomy. Best Practice & Research. Clinical
Stoker 2009 12
Gastroenterology, 23(4), 463–75
Terra, M. P., & Stoker, J. (2006). The current role of imaging techniques in faecal
Terra 2006 9
incontinence. European Radiology, 16(8), 1727–36
Woodward, S., Norton, C., & Chiarelli, P. (2014). Biofeedback for treatment of chronic
Woodward 2014 (Cochrane Review) 80 idiopathic constipation in adults. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3(3),
CD008486.
Total Pages 157
WEEK 9: CATCH UP WEEK
Use this page to move articles you did not get to or to review what you have
already
WEEK 10: PELVIC PAIN
Source Pages Citations
Irion, J., & Irion, G. (2010). Women’s Health in Physical Therapy. (G. I. Jean M. Irion, Ed.) (1st
Irion 2010, Ch 8-9 41
ed.). Philadelphia, United States : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Rosenbaum TY. Pelvic floor involvement in male and female sexual dysfunction and the role
Rosenbaum 2007 9
of pelvic floor rehabilitation in treatment: a literature review. J Sex Med. 2007;4:4-13
Strauhal MJ, Frahm J, Morrison P, et al. Vulvar pain: a comprehensive review. JWHPT. 2007;31
Strauhal 2007 16
(3):7-26
Prather, H., & Camacho-Soto, A. (2014). Musculoskeletal etiologies of pelvic pain. Obstetrics
Prather 2014 9
and Gynecology Clinics of North America, 41(3), 433–42
Prather, H., Dugan, S., Fitzgerald, C., & Hunt, D. (2009). Review of anatomy, evaluation, and
Prather 2009 11 treatment of musculoskeletal pelvic floor pain in women. PM & R : The Journal of Injury,
Function, and Rehabilitation, 1(4), 346–58
Apte, G., Nelson, P., Brismée, J.-M., Dedrick, G., Justiz, R., & Sizer, P. S. (2012). Chronic female
Apte 2012 19 pelvic pain--part 1: clinical pathoanatomy and examination of the pelvic region. Pain
Practice : The Official Journal of World Institute of Pain, 12(2), 88–110
Nelson, P., Apte, G., Justiz, R., Brismeé, J.-M., Dedrick, G., & Sizer, P. S. (2012). Chronic female
Nelson 2012 23 pelvic pain--part 2: differential diagnosis and management. Pain Practice : The Official
Journal of World Institute of Pain, 12(2), 111–41
Bogart, L. M., Berry, S. H., & Clemens, J. Q. (2007). Symptoms of interstitial cystitis, painful
Bogart 2007 5 bladder syndrome and similar diseases in women: a systematic review. The Journal of
urology, 177(2), 450-456
Cox, K. J., & Neville, C. E. (2012). Assessment and management options for women with
Cox 2012 8
vulvodynia. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 57(3), 231-240
Maigne JY, Chatellier G. Comparison of three manual coccydynia treatments: a pilot study.
Maigne 2001 6
Spine. 2001;26:E479-83
Patel, R., Appannagari, A., & Whang, P. G. (2008). Coccydynia. Current reviews in
Patel 2008 4
musculoskeletal medicine, 1(3-4), 223-226
Weiss JM. Pelvic floor myofascial trigger points: manual therapy for interstitial cystitis and the
Weiss 2001 5
urgency frequency syndrome. Urology. 2001;166:2226-31
Zolnoun D, Hartmann K, Lamvu G, et al. A conceptual model for the pathophysiology of
Zolnoun 2006 6
vulvar vestibulitis syndrome. Obstet Gynecol Survey. 2006;61:395-401
Bee LA, Dickenson AH. Neuropathic pain: multiple mechanisms at multiple sites. Future
Bee 2007 9
Neurol. 2007;2(6):661-71
Moyal-Barracco M, Lynch PJ. 2003 ISSVD terminology and classification of vulvodynia: a
Moyal-Barracco 2004
historical perspective. J Repro Med. 2004;49(10):772-7
Haefner, H. K. (2007). Report of the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal
Haefner 2007 Disease terminology and classification of vulvodynia. Journal of Lower Genital Tract
Disease, 11(1), 48-49.

Other Readings Pages Citation

Lower AM, Hawthorn RJ, Ellis H, O’Brien F, Buchan S, Crowe AM. The impact of adhesions on
Lower 2000 7 hospital readmissions over ten years after 8849 open gynecological operations: An
assessment from the Surgical and Clinical Adhesion Research Study. BJOG. 2000;107:855-62
Total Pages 178
WEEK 11: ONCOLOGY: UROGYN CANCER
Source Pages Citations
Wolin, K. Y., Schwartz, A. L., Matthews, C. E., Courneya, K. S., & Schmitz, K. H. (2012).
Wolin 2012 6 Implementing the exercise guidelines for cancer survivors. The journal of supportive
oncology, 10(5), 171
Goodman, C. (2012). Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapists: Screening for Referral
Goodman 2012, Ch 15 30
(5th ed.). Saunders
Total Pages 36
WEEK 12: LYMPHEDEMA
Source Pages Citations
Irion, J., & Irion, G. (2010). Women’s Health in Physical Therapy.
Irion 2010, Ch 23 28 (G. I. Jean M. Irion, Ed.) (1st ed.). Philadelphia, United States :
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Goodman, C. (2012). Differential Diagnosis for Physical
Goodman 2012, Ch 17 39
Therapists: Screening for Referral (5th ed.). Saunders
Földi, M., Földi, E., & Kubik, S. (2003). Textbook of
Foldi 2003: Recommended Chapters:
lymphology. Munchen: Urban and Fischer, 251-2.
Földi, M., Földi, E., & Kubik, S. (2003). Textbook of
Ch. 5 Lymphostatic Diseases p. 223-292 69
lymphology. Munchen: Urban and Fischer, 251-2.
Földi, M., Földi, E., & Kubik, S. (2003). Textbook of
Ch 9 Lipedema pp 417-424 7
lymphology. Munchen: Urban and Fischer, 251-2.
Földi, M., Földi, E., & Kubik, S. (2003). Textbook of
Ch 17 Practical Instructions for Therapists MLD pp 526-543 17
lymphology. Munchen: Urban and Fischer, 251-2.
Földi, M., Földi, E., & Kubik, S. (2003). Textbook of
Ch 19 Compression Therapy pp 563-568 5
lymphology. Munchen: Urban and Fischer, 251-2.
Földi, M., Földi, E., & Kubik, S. (2003). Textbook of
Ch 20 Guidelines for Application of MLD/CDT pp 629-667 38
lymphology. Munchen: Urban and Fischer, 251-2.
Total Pages 203
WEEK 13: BREAST CANCER & LYMPHEDEMA
Source Pages Citations
Irion, J., & Irion, G. (2010). Women’s Health in Physical Therapy. (G. I. Jean M. Irion, Ed.)
Irion 2010, Ch 22 25
(1st ed.). Philadelphia, United States : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Lawenda, B. D., Mondry, T. E., & Johnstone, P. A. (2009). Lymphedema: a primer on the
Lawenda 2009 16 identification and management of a chronic condition in oncologic treatment. CA: a
cancer journal for clinicians, 59(1), 8-24
Abu-Rustum NR, Alektiar K, Iasonos A, et al. The incidence of symptomatic lower-
Abu-Rustum 2006 4 extremity lymphedema folowing treatment of uterine corpus malignancies: A 12-year
experience at Memorail Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Gyn Oncol. 2006;103(2):714-8
Ahmed RL, Thomas W, Yee D, Schmitz KH. Randomized controlled trial of weight training
Ahmed 2006 7
and lymphedema in breast cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(18):2765-72
Alfano CM, Smith AW, Irwin ML, et al. Physical activity, long-term symptoms, and physical
Alfano 2007 11 health-related quality of life among breast cancer survivors: a prospective analysis. J
Cancer Surviv. 2007;1(2):116-28
Basen-Engquist K, Hughes D, Perkins H, Shinn E, Taylor CC. Dimensions of physical activity
Basen-Engquist 2008 8 and their relationship to physical and emotional symptoms in breast cancer survivors. J
Cancer Surviv. 2008;2(4):253-61
Gordon LG, Battistutta D, Scuffham P, Tweeddale M, Newman B. The impact of
Gordon 2005 9 rehabilitation support services on health-related quality of life for women with breast
cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2005;93(3):217-26
Hamner JB, Fleming MD. Lymphedema therapy reduces the volume of edema and pain
Hamner 2007 3
in patients with breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14(6):1904-8
Karadibak D, Yavuzsen T, Saydam S. Prospective trial of intensive decongestive
Karadibak 2008 4
physiotherapy for upper extremity lymphedema. J Surg Oncol. 2008;97(7):572-7
Koul R, Dufan T, Russell C, et al. Efficacy of complete decongestive therapy and manual
Koul 2007 5 lymphatic drainage on treatment-related lymphedema in breast cancer. Int J Rad
Oncol. 2007;67(3):841-6
Kwan ML, Darbinian J, Schmitz KH, Hershman DL, Kushi LH. Lymphedema after breast
Kwan 2008 1
cancer in a prospective cohort study. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(15S)
Markes M, Brockow T, Resch KL. Exercise for women receiving adjuvant therapy for
Markes 2006 (Cochrane Review) NA
breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;18(4):CD005001
Meeske K, Smith AW, Alfano CN, et al. Fatigue in breast cancer survivors two to five
Meeske 2007 13
years post diagnosis: a HEAL study report. Qual Life Res. 2007;16(6):947-60
O’Neill J, Beatus J. The effects of complete decongestive physical therapy treatment on
O'Neill 2006 5 edema reduction, quality of life, and functional ability of persons with upper extremity
lymphedema. JWHPT. 2006;30(1):5-10
Sagen A, Karesen R, Risberg MA. Physical activity for the affected limb and arm
Sagen 2009 8 lymphedema after breast cancer surgery: A prospective, randomized controlled trial
with two years follow up. Acta Oncologica. 2009;48(8):1102-10
Vignes S, Porcher R, Arrault M, Dupuy A. Long-term management of breast cancer-
Vignes 2007 5 related lymphedema after intensive decongestive physiotherapy. Breast Cancer
Research and Treatment. 2007;101(3):285-90
Warren AG, Brorson H, Borud LJ, Slavin SA. Lymphedema: A comprehensive review. Ann
Warren 2007 8
Plastic Surg. 2007;59(4):464-72
Anything by Katie Schmidt
Total Pages 132
WEEK 14: UROGYN SURGERIES / DIAGNOSTIC TESTS/ IMAGES
Source Pages Citations
Irion, J., & Irion, G. (2010). Women’s Health in Physical Therapy. (G. I. Jean M.
Irion 2010, Ch 10 21
Irion, Ed.) (1st ed.). Philadelphia, United States : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Total Pages 21
WEEK 15: OSTEOPOROSIS
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Irion, J., & Irion, G. (2010). Women’s Health in Physical Therapy. (G. I. Jean M. Irion, Ed.)
Irion 2010, Ch 21 31
(1st ed.). Philadelphia, United States : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Robbins J, Aragaki AK, Kooperberg C, Watts N, Wactawski-Wende J, et al. Factors
Robbins 2007 9 associated with 5-year risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women. JAMA. 2007;298
(20):2389-98
Brenneman, S. K., Lacroix, A. Z., Buist, D. S., Chen, Y. T., & Abbott III, T. A. (2003).
Brenneman 2003 9 Evaluation of decision rules to identify postmenopausal women for intervention
related to osteoporosis. Disease Management, 6(3), 159-168
Chilibeck, P. D., Vatanparast, H., Cornish, S. M., Abeysekara, S., & Charlesworth, S.
Chilibeck 2011 25 (2011). Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for physical activity:
arthritis, osteoporosis, and low back pain1. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab, 36, S49-S79
Gomez-Cabello, A., I. Ara, A. González-Agüero, J. A. Casajus, and G. Vicente-
Gomez-Cabello 2012 23 Rodriguez. "Effects of training on bone mass in older adults." Sports Medicine 42, no. 4
(2012): 301-325
Huntoon, E. A., Schmidt, C. K., & Sinaki, M. (2008, January). Significantly fewer
Huntoon 2008 4 refractures after vertebroplasty in patients who engage in back-extensor-
strengthening exercises. In Mayo Clinic Proceedings (Vol. 83, No. 1, pp. 54-57). Elsevier
Kemmler W, Engelke K, vonStengel S, Weineck J, Lauber D, Kalendar WA. Long-term
Kemmler 2007 6 fouryear exercise has a positive effect on menopausal risk factors: the Erlangen fitness
osteoporosis prevention study. J Strength Conditioning Res. 2007;21(1)
Kotz K, Deleger S, Cohen R, Kamigaki A, Kurata J. Osteoporosis and health-related
Kotz 2004 5 qualityof- life outcomes in the Alameda county study population. Prevention Chronic
Disease. 2004;1(1):A05
Lindsey C, Brownbill RA, Bohannon RA, Illich JZ. Association of physical performance
Lindsey 2005 5 measures with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Arch Phys Med
Rehab. 2005;86(6):1102-7
Liu-Ambrose T, Eng JJ, Khan KM, Carter ND, McKay HA. Older women with osteoporosis
have increased postural sway and weaker quadriceps strength than counterparts
Liu-Ambrose 2003 4
with normal bone mass: Overlooked determinants of fracture risk? J Gerontol, Series A,
Biolog Sci Med Sci. 2003;58(9):M862-6
Liu-Ambrose TY, Khan KM, Eng JJ, Gillies FL, Lord SR, McKay HA. The beneficial effects of
group-based exercise on fall risk profile and physical activity persist 1 year
Liu-Ambrose 2005 7
postintervention in older women with low bone mass: Follow-up after withdrawal of
exercise. J Am Ger Soc. 2005;53(10):1767-73
Mika A, Unnithan VB, Mika P. Differences in thoracic kyphosis and in back muscle
Mika 2005 5
strength in women with bone loss due to osteporosis. Spine. 2005;30(2):241-6
Mueller, G., & Russell, R. G. G. (2003). Osteoporosis: pathogenesis and clinical
Mueller 2003 3
intervention. Biochemical Society Transactions, 31(2), 462-464
Nelson, H. D., Haney, E. M., Dana, T., Bougatsos, C., & Chou, R. (2010). Screening for
Nelson 2010 10 osteoporosis: an update for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Annals of Internal
Medicine, 153(2), 99-111
Russell, R. G. G., Espina, B., & Hulley, P. (2006). Bone biology and the pathogenesis of
Russell 2006 7
osteoporosis. Current opinion in rheumatology, 18, S3-S10
Sinaki M, Itoi E, Wahner HW, et al. Stronger back muscles reduce the incidence of
Sinaki 2002 5 vertebral fractures: a prospective 10 year follow-up of postmenopausal women. Bone.
2002;30:836-41
Siris, E. S., Brenneman, S. K., Barrett-Connor, E., Miller, P. D., Sajjan, S., Berger, M. L., &
Chen, Y. T. (2006). The effect of age and bone mineral density on the absolute, excess,
Siris 2006 9 and relative risk of fracture in postmenopausal women aged 50–99: results from the
National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment (NORA). Osteoporosis international, 17(4), 565-
574
 Villareal, D. T., Binder, E. F., Yarasheski, K. E., Williams, D. B., Brown, M., Sinacore, D. R., &
Kohrt, W. M. (2003). Effects of exercise training added to ongoing hormone
Villareal 2003 5
replacement therapy on bone mineral density in frail elderly women. Journal of the
American Geriatrics Society, 51(7), 985-990
Zehnacker, C. H., & Bemis-Dougherty, A. (2007). Effect of weighted exercises on bone
Zehnacker 2007 9 mineral density in post menopausal women a systematic review. Journal of Geriatric
Physical Therapy, 30(2), 79-88

Additional Reading Pages Citations

Carter, N. D., Khan, K. M., Mallinson, A., Janssen, P. A., Heinonen, A., Petit, M. A., &
McKay, H. A. (2002). Knee extension strength is a significant determinant of static and
Carter 2001 7
dynamic balance as well as quality of life in older community-dwelling women with
osteoporosis. Gerontology, 48(6), 360-368
Hedstrom M, Sjoberg K, Brosjo E, Astrom K, Sjoberg H, Dalen N. Positive effects of
anabolic steroids, vitamin D, and calcium on muscle mass, bone mineral density and
Hedstrom 2002 6
clinical function after a hip fracture: A randomised study of 63 women. J Bone Joint
Surg, British volume. 2002;84(4):497-503
Stone, K. L., Seeley, D. G., Lui, L. Y., Cauley, J. A., Ensrud, K., Browner, W. S., ... &
Cummings, S. R. (2003). BMD at multiple sites and risk of fracture of multiple types: long‐
Stone 2003 7
term results from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures.Journal of Bone and Mineral
Research, 18(11), 1947-1954
Total Pages 201
WEEK 16: SPECIAL TESTS / OUTCOME MEASURES
Source Pages Citation
PT Now Tests & Measures NA http://www.ptnow.org/tests-measures
http://www.womenshealthapta.org/wp-
SOWH Common Forms: Outcome Measures 25-40
content/uploads/2013/12/Common-Forms-09.pdf
NOTES:

BEST OF LUCK!