International Journal of Science, Management and Advanced Research Technology

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6 Best thermal analysis techniques

Saba Malik

ABSTRACT
Thermal analysis techniques are used by different authors for their research data
analysis process. Thermal analysis techniques are used to analyze the temperature Submitted: March 9, 2022
changes in samples. In this article six most widely techniques are discussed. Their
Published: March 12, 2022
brief description, images, and principles are explained. The whole article is
effectively arranged to provide effective information regarding thermal analysis ISSN: 2593-8339
techniques. DOI: 10.24018/ijsmart.2022.1.1

Keywords: Thermal analysis techniques, Evolved gas analysis,

Saba Malik*
Simultaneous Thermal Analysis, Thermomechanical Analysis, Department of Zoology, Wildlife, &
Thermogravimetric Analysis, Differential Thermal Analysis, Differential Fisheries, University of Agriculture,
Scanning Calorimetry Faisalabad, Pakistan
email. Sabam3651@gmail.com

*Saba Malik

temperature according to the time. The sample should have

I. INTRODUCTION excellent heat potential in the scan range.
Thermal analysis is an exploration of the features of
materials when the temperature changes. Thermal analyses
are several methods where temperature calculation of the
physical properties of a sample is calculated. Thermal
analysis is performed when a sample is undergoing a
predetermined program of temperature variations. In several
areas of science and technology, techniques for the study of
thermal properties are used [1]. In reality, it is important for
the research and production of new materials, products, and
quality management. The thermal analysis provides essential Fig 1- Differential scanning calorimetry
knowledge such as transient temperatures, crystalline
character, precise heat, and thermal expansion [2]. The fundamental principle behind this technique is
that the sample during a physical shift like phase changes,
heat has to move. It relies on whether the phase is exothermic
II. DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY (DSC) or endothethermical whether less or more heat needs to flow
Thermal analysis technique differential scanning to the sample. The output of a DSC analysis is a heat flux
calorimetry measured the analysis of heat variance in sample curve versus or against temperature. It is possible to use this
and reference. wherein the variance in heat volume is curve to measure transformation enthalpies. This approach is
determined in terms of temperature. The sample as well as the used for study by several researchers [3,4].
reference are kept in the entire experiment at the same
temperature. The temperature software for the DSC test is
typically designed to sequentially raise the sample holder

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III. DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS (DTA)
Differential thermal analysis measures, a sample,
and an inert reference depending on time or temperature, the
difference between them. This approach is similar to DSC but
does not measure energy; mostly used for work at high
temperatures. It is possible to quantify transformations in
glass, phase shifts, and melting points. A DTA curve can only
be used as a distinguishing fingerprint, but typically phase
diagrams, heat shift calculations, and decompression in
different atmospheres can be calculated for applications using
the same process. In the pharmacy and food industry, DTA is
commonly used. In cement chemistry, mineralogical
analysis, and environmental science, DTA could be used. The
data of bone remains or archaeological material may be used
for analyzing the DTA curves [5].
Fig 2- DTA Thermal Analyser
at measuring the mechanical properties of materials using a
variety of sample types with separate research specimens and
mounting geometries [7].
Fig 4 – Thermomechanical analyzer
VI. SIMULTANEOUS THERMAL ANALYSIS (STA)
Simultaneous Thermogravimetry (TGA) and
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in general, apply to
the same sample in one instrument. The benefits are evident.
The test conditions for the TGA and DSC signals are
perfectly similar (same atmosphere, flux rate of gas, sample
vapor pressure, heating rate, sample crucible and sensor
temperature, radiation effects, etc.). Sample output is
increased as more data can be obtained from each test cycle.
Simultaneous measurements take far less time if each
reported property is calculated independently [8] to carry out
the necessary measurements.

If you are using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation

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IV. THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS (TGA)

Fig 5 – Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA)
As a feature of a temperature profile, TGA
calculates the weight change for a sample. This approach
aims to assess the decomposition of samples, degradation of VII. EVOLVED GAS ANALYSIS (EGA)
solvents, or water loss. The TGA is done using an instrument Evolved gas analysis (EGA) is a tool used to
known as a thermogravimetric analyzer. A investigate gas from a heated sample that is decomposed or
thermogravimetric analyzer measures mass continuously as a deorbited. For this analysis, Mass Spec and FTIR tools are
sample temperature varies over time. In the usually used. In addition to a reaction, energy or reactant may
thermogravimetric analysis, mass, temperature, and time are cause immediate changes in the off-gas [9].
known as the basis for measurements, while these three
simple measures can be used to extract several more measures
[6].

Fig 6 – Evolved gas analyzer

Fig 3 – Thermogravimetric analyser
V. THERMOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS (TMA)
TMA tracks variations in dimension depending on
time or temperature. Different samples are used to measure
expansion, contractions, penetration, sample softening, and
the transition from the glass. Mechanical analyses are aimed
VIII. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, thermal analysis techniques are
effective. For the research and development of new polymer
systems, thermal analysis techniques are important. The
physical properties of polymeric materials are critically
influenced by the chemical structure, and therefore
precise thermostatic measurements are essential.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION

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 International Journal of Science, Management and Advanced Research Technology
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SM contributed to the conception, drafting,

illustration, conception, drafting, and review of the
manuscript.
GLOSSARY
Analyser: An analyzer is a method used for data
analysis.
DSC: It stands for differential scanning calorimetry.
DTA: It stands for differential thermal analysis.
TGA: It stands for thermogravimetric analysis.
TMA: It stands for thermomechanical analysis.
STA: It stands for simultaneous thermal analysis.
EGA: It stands for evolved gas analysis.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The researchers assured that the study was
undertaken in the absence of any contractual or financial
relationships that could have been interpreted as a possible
conflict of interest.
Miss Saba Malik is a researcher and publish
more than 11 publications till her post-graduation.
She attends and successfully presented her papers
at several international conferences. She is an
author of the book “Earthworm” and a contributor
to three books “Tashkhess”, “Pearls of Diabetes”
and “Pearls of ECG”. She is actively involved in
publications and writing blogs. Her research
interests are “Ecology”, and “toxicology”.
Saba Malik is an academic and content writer. She writes expertly
Author’s
crafted formal content. She writes SEO website content for your
expressive
business. Miss Saba Malik is the youngest CEO of three successfully
running companies (IJSmart Publishing + Acting Excellent and Smart
Writers). She has the talent to motivate people on earning. She speaks on
various platforms to give directions to local people for their future. She is
working on various programs on women’s empowerment. Every Tuesday
she performs her session in the University of Agriculture on Freelancing.

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