4 Forces in One Dimension

BIGIDEA
Write the Big Idea for this chapter.
Net forces cause change in motion

Use the “What I Know” column to list the things you know about the Big Idea. Then list the
questions you have about the Big Idea in the “What I Want to Find Out” column. As you read the
chapter, fill in the “What I Learned” column.

K W L
What I Know What I Want to Find Out What I Learned
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Force is a push or pull How to find a net force net force is the vector sum of all forces on

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4 Forces in One Dimension
1 Force and Motion
MAINIDEA
Write the Main Idea for this section.
A force is a push or pull

REVIEW VOCABULARY Recall and write the definition of the Review Vocabulary term.
acceleration acceleration the rate at which the velocity of an object changes

NEW VOCABULARY Use your book to define each term.

force force force is a push or pull
system
system object or objects of interest that can interact with
free-body diagram
each other and the external world
net force
Newton’s second law free-body diagram a physical model that represents the forces
Newton’s first law acting on a system

net force the vector sum of all forces on a object

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inertia
equilibrium

Newton’s second law the acceleration of an object is proportional

to the net force and inversely proportional to the mass of the

object being accelerated

Newton’s first law an object at rest will remain at rest and a

moving object will continue moving in a straight line with

constant speed, if and only the net force acting on that object is zero

inertia the tendency of an object to resist changes in velocity

equilibrium the condition in which the net force on an object is

zero

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 1 Force and Motion (continued)
Student Edition, pp. 90–91 Describe Write a few short sentences answering each question.

What is force? Force is a push or pull in physics

What are two types of forces? contacct forces and field forces

How do you represent forces? you represent forces with the

symbol "F"

GET IT? Identify the cause of all accelerations.

unbalanced force is the cause of all accelerations

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

Describe what a system is, and draw an example of one in the box below.
Draw a circle around your system, and label the system and the external
world.

a system is how you identify the object or objects of interest

I drew it on paper (attached).

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1 Force and Motion (continued)
Student Edition, pp. 92–93 Identify six guidelines used to draw a free-body diagram.

1. drawn seperately from the sketch of the problem situation

2. apply the particle model, and represent the object with a dot

3. represent each force with an arrow that points in the direction

that the force is applied.

4. make the length of each arrow proportional to the size of the

force. make the best estimate

5. label each force. use the symbol "F" with a subscript label to

identify both the agent and the object

6. choose a direction to be positive and indicate this on the

diagram

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

GET IT? Compare the direction of an object’s acceleration with the
direction of the unbalanced force exerted on the object.

the direction of an object's acceleration should be the same as

the direction of the unbalanced force

Summarize what the term net force means.

net force is the vector sum of all the forces on an object

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 1 Force and Motion (continued)
Student Edition, pp. 94–96 Explain what a spring scale is and how it is used.

a spring scale measures the weight of a suspended object. It is

used to exert a constant unbalanced force

Draw a simple straight-line graph showing Force v. Acceleration, and

F
explain how the graph is related to the physics equation a =  _
net
m .

i drew it on paper (attached)

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

GET IT? Determine how the force exerted on an object must be

changed to reduce the object’s acceleration by half.
A second mass equal to the mass of the first objects acceleration

by half

State Newton’s second law, and write the equation for it below.

The acceleration of an object is equal to the sum of the forces

acting on an object divided byy the mass of the object

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1 Force and Motion (continued)
Student Edition, p. 97 TRY IT!
Use with Example Problem 1
Problem

Use this column for A toddler is holding a toy with a mass of 1.1 kg when another toddler
scratch work and decides that she wants it. The first toddler pulls horizontally with a force
of 2.5 N and the second toddler pulls horizontally with a force of 3.1 N in
sketches. the opposite direction. What is the horizontal acceleration of the toy?

1. ANALYZE AND SKETCH THE PROBLEM

KNOWNS UNKNOWN
1.1 kg Fnet
m = = ?

Ffirst toddler =
2.5 N

Fsecond toddler =
3.1 N

2. SOLVE FOR THE UNKNOWN

Fnet = Ffirst toddler + Fsecond toddler

Use Newton’s second law.

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

a= Fnet/m a= Fst + (-Fft)/m a= 3.1N - 2.5 N/1.1 kg = 0.54 m/s toward th

3. EVALUATE THE ANSWER

• Does the sign make sense? Yes the sign makes sense

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 1 Force and Motion (continued)
Student Edition, p. 98–99 Fill in the blanks about Newton’s first law.

rest
According to Newton’s first law, an object at will remain
at rest , and an object that is moving will continue to move
in a straight line with constant speed , if and only if the net force
acting on that object is zero . Newton’s first law is sometimes
called the law of inertia . If the net force on an object is zero, then
the object is in equilibrium .

Apply Imagine a rock moving in space with no forces acting on it.

According to Newton's first law, what will happen to the rock?

the rock will keep moving in a straight line with a constant speed

SUMMARIZE
How does the MAINIDEA for this section relate to the chapter’s BIGIDEA?
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

REVIEW IT !
12. MAINIDEA Identify each of the following as either a, b, or c: mass, inertia, the push of
a hand, friction, air resistance, spring force, gravity, and acceleration.
a. contact force

push of hand, thrust

b. a field force
weight, resistance, air resistance,spring force

c. not a force

mass, inertia, acceleration

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1 Force and Motion (continued)
13. Free-Body Diagram Draw a free-body diagram of a bag of sugar being lifted by your
hand at an increasing speed. Specifically identify the system. Use subscripts to label all
forces with their agents. Remember to make the arrows the correct lengths.

I drew it on paper (attached)

14. Free-Body Diagram Draw a free-body diagram of a water bucket being lifted by a
rope at a decreasing speed. Specifically identify the system. Label all forces with their
agents and make the arrows the correct lengths.

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

I drew it on paper (attached)

15. Critical Thinking A force of 1 N is the only horizontal force exerted on a block, and the
horizontal acceleration of the block is measured. When the same horizontal force is the
only force exerted on a second block, the horizontal acceleration is three times as large.
What can you conclude about the masses of the two blocks?

I can conclude that the mass of the second block is less than the first block

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