Lesson #3

Topic: Geometry – Transformation

Sub-topic/s: Translation
Rationale: As a student learning mathematics, you will be able to apply the concept of
translation when describing the movement of an aircraft as it moves across the sky, sewing with
a sewing machine, punching decorative studs into belts, making pasta such as spaghetti and when
throwing a shot-put in sports. Acquiring these mathematical skills and knowledge in
mathematics, will allow you to make quick and sound calculations in simple everyday
applications.
Objectives: Through the use of handouts and practices, you will be able to:
(A) Define a translation.
(B) Determine the vertices of an image under a translation.
(C) Appreciate the importance of translation in real life.

Activities:
 Read the hand-out on translation.
 Highlight or underline with a pen, important information in the hand-out.
 Complete the practice exercise on the hand-out itself.
 Complete all graded worksheets on translation.
Resources:
Pen, pencil, eraser, marker/highlighter, graph paper and a scientific calculator.
Reference:
Raymond Toolsie Textbook Volume 2
Interactive Approach to Mathematics Volume 4
Glossary of important terms
Translation: a translation transforms an object by moving it without rotation or reflection. Every
point on the object moves the same distance and in the same direction.

Transformation: a transformation changes the position and/or the size of a shape. The original
shape is called the object and the transformation is called the image.
Information Sheet: Handout/s
A translation is a geometrical transformation of the plane such that an object changes its position
in a specific direction along a straight line. The object and image are congruent.

Each translation can be represented by a column matrix T = ( xy), where x is the horizontal shift
and y is the vertical rise or fall.
To Translate a shape:
Every point of the shape must move:
 the same distance
 in the same direction.

Example/s with answers.

Example 1:
The vertices of triangle ABC are (−3 , 2), (−6 , 4) and (−7 , 2) respectively. Determine the

( )
vertices of triangle A ' B' C ' under the translation T =
7
−3
. Graph the object and its image.

Solution:
Since T + P=P '
Then

(−37 ) are A ' (4 ,−1), B' (1 ,1) and

So, the vertices of triangle A ' B' C ' under the translation T =
C ' (0 ,−1).

Example 2:
Triangle ABC is mapped onto triangle A ' B' C ' with vertices A ' (4 ,−1), B' (1 ,−2) and C ' (2 ,1)
under the translation T = ( )
5
−4
. Determine the vertices of triangle ABC . Graph the object and its
image.
Solution:
Since P' −T =P
Then

So, the vertices of triangle ABC are A(−1, 3), B(−4 , 2) and C (−3 , 5) .
Example 3:

() x
Under the translation T = , the point A(2 , 3) is mapped onto A ' (−4 ,−1) . Determine the
y

()
translation T = .
x
y
Solution:
Since P' −P=T
Then

So the translation T =(−6

−4 )
.

Practice Activities
Practice Activity 1: All working must be clearly shown.
1. Let A(−2, 1), B(2 , 4) and C (4 ,2) be the three vertices of a triangle. If this triangle is
2
()
translated for T = , what will be the new vertices A ' , B' and C ' ?
3
2. Describe the transformation of the shape DEFG.
Solution for Practice Activity 1:
1. Since T + P=P '
Then
T' A B C A' B' C' A' B' C'

()( )(
2 + −2 2 4 = 2±2 2+ 2 2+ 4 = 0 4 6
3 1 4 2 3+ 1 3+ 4 3+2 4 7 5)( )
( 23) are A ' (0 , 4), B' (4 , 7) and
So, the vertices of triangle A ' B' C ' under the translation T =
C ' (6 , 5).
2. Since P' −P=T
Then
D' D T T

( ) ()(
−2 − 1 = −2−1 = −3
−4 2 −4−2 −6)( )
So the translation T = ( )
−3
−6
. The shape has moved three units to the left and six units down.

Practice Activity 2:
Translate shape A using these translations:

(A) (22 )
(B) ( )
−4
1

(C) ( )
−2
−3
Solution for Practice Activity 2:

Summary: Translations move all points on the shape in the same direction and the same
distance. The diagram below shows the translation
3()
2 .
The shape has moved two units to the
right and three units up.

Student’s Name: _________________ Class: ______________________

Date: __________________ Teacher’s Name: ______________

Classwork #4 (TO BE RETURNED TO YOUR TEACHER)

Section One: Multiple Choice (2 points each) TOTAL points: ______/ 20

Instructions: Shade the letter of the answer of your choice.

1. What is a transformation?
(A) Changing a shape for another shape
(B) Techniques that change the size or position of a shape
(C) Two shapes that are exactly identical to one another
(D) A triangular or rectangular shape.
2. What is a translation?
(A) A triangular or rectangular shape
(B) Enlarging the size of a shape
(C) Transforms an object by moving it in the same distance and in the same direction
(D) Reducing the size of a shape

3. What is the name of the transformation that takes shape PQR to P ' Q' R ' ?
(A) Enlargement
(B) Rotation
(C) Translation
(D) Reflection

Section Two: Problem Solving

Instruction: All working must be clearly shown.
4. The vertices of triangle ABC are (−4 , 3), (−2 , 1) and (−3 , 5) respectively. Determine the

( )
vertices of triangle A ' B' C ' under the translation T =
5
−3
. Graph the object and its image on

a graph paper. (7 Points)

5. Triangle ABC is mapped onto triangle A ' B' C ' with vertices A ' (5 ,−1) , B' (2 ,−3) and
C ' (4 ,−5) under the translation T =( )
−5
2
. Determine the vertices of triangle ABC . Graph the
object and its image on a graph paper. (7 Points)

I have checked and verified that my child completed this assessment.

Parent/Guardian Name:___________________________Date: _______________________