M.

Ryanindityo
Quiz Review Immigration Polytechnic
English for Law
Section A-Writing
Re-phrase these following sentences by using the appropriate modal verb
Quiz Review

1. It was POSSIBLE that the action employed by the officer was unfair.
a possibility in the past
Answer : • The action employed by the officer may have been unfair.
• The action employed by the officer could have been unfair.
• The action employed by the officer might have been unfair.
Remember: when
rephrasing, you can
2. It is IMPOSSIBLE that the interviewing officers bullied the suspect. change the structure
an impossibility of the sentence
Answer : • The interviewing officers can’t have bullied the suspect. without compromising
• The interviewing officers couldn’t have bullied the suspect. the idea of it.

3. It is ALMOST CERTAIN that the suspect was drinking with the victim that night.
a probability/ deduction
Answer : • The suspect must have been drinking with the victim that night.
this statement shows a deduction, therefore we use deductive reasoning, as follows:
It is probable that the defendant was drinking with the victim that night
The defendant was drunk
Therefore, the defendant must have been drinking
Section B-Reading (Multiple Choice Questions and Short Answers)
Read the article below then answer the following questions
Quiz Review

The Role of The Forensic Linguist in Solving Crimes

Linguistics is the study of language, and forensics refers to the use of scientific techniques in the solving of crimes. Forensic
linguistics, therefore, is research and practice in all fields where language and the law converge.
Forensic linguists are, on occasion, drafted in to provide linguistic expertise during criminal investigations. This expertise
encompasses several areas, from voice and author identification, to determining someone’s linguistic or dialectal origin. The
techniques involved will hopefully determine not only whether a suspect committed a crime, but may also serve to absolve those who
may have been wrongly accused.
Consider a situation where a threatening message is left on a voicemail. The recipient of the message accuses the person he
believes to have left the said message, but the law dictates that the accused be given a fair trial, where it must be proven beyond
reasonable doubt that he committed the deed. Enter the forensic linguist, who is to contribute towards concluding the guilt or
innocence of the suspect.
The forensic linguist sets to work, employing the use of a specialist instrument called a spectograph, which creates a visual
‘voiceprint’, detailing the speech patterns of the voice on the recording. Once the linguist has familiarized himself with these patterns,
he meets with the suspect to make a comparison between his speech patterns and those of the recording.
There are inevitable drawbacks to carrying out machine analysis. A person rarely produces the same utterance in exactly the
same way twice. He may have a cold which is affecting the quality of his voice, and there may be numerous other people who would
produce a similar voiceprint. The forensic linguist may often be more confident in ruling a supect out than reliably proving him guilty.
The forensic linguist may be called upon in a court of law to present his evidence. It is up to the court to decide the linguist’s
credentials and the reliability of his evidence, which runs the risk of failing to meet the evidential standards of the court; this is
particularly the case with subjective evidence like voice identification. Involving the forensic linguist in the criminal process, then, is
perhaps more pertinent during the initial stages of an enquiry, when facts are being gathered
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Section B-Reading (Multiple Choice Questions and Short Answers)
Read the article below then answer the following questions
Quiz Review

1. Why does the writer mention the voicemail message?

a. to exemplify the kind of work a forensic linguist does
b. to emphasise the difficulty of determining the culpability of a suspect
c. to acknowledge the expert skills required by those acting on behalf of the law

2. Who does ‘his’ in the fourth paragraph refer to?

a. the person who left the message
b. the linguistic expert
c. the accused

3. What is the writer trying to point out about machine analysis in the fifth paragraph?
a. it rarely proves what it sets out to
b. it can be easy to cheat
c. it tends to be an inaccurate method
Section B-Reading (Multiple Choice Questions and Short Answers)
Read the article below then answer the following questions
Quiz Review

4. What is the main idea of the final paragraph?

a. confirming the reasons why evidence must be of an objective nature
b. pointing out the difficulty of convincing members of a criminal court
c. clarifying the true role of the forensic linguist in criminal work

5. What does the word 'encompass' (in the second paragraph) mean?
Consisting or including different items or areas or fields
……………………………………………………………………………
6. What does the word 'credentials' (in the sixth paragraph) mean?
the abilities, experiences, or qualifications of someone for a specific job
……………………………………………………………………………

7. What does the word 'pertinent' (in the sixth paragraph) mean?
a direct relation to a subject
……………………………………………………………………………
Section C-Multiple Choice Grid
Match the sentences with the correct explanations
Quiz Review

• I'm sure, it's impossible

1. She could be in her office.

• I'm not sure, but it's possible

2. Dewi must be in her office.

3. She can't be in her office. • I'm sure

• because she is normally there at this time

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Section D-Multiple Choice Grid
Choose the best possible answer to fill in the blank spaces.
Quiz Review

• which/ that/ (none) • who/ that

• which/ that • who/ that/ (none)

which/ that/ (none)

1. Immigration Law is a subject ................................... I've never understood.
which/ that
2. I need a spy camera ....................... takes good photos.
who/ that
3. Lee Harvey Oswald is the man .................... shot John F. Kennedy.
who/ that
4. What's the name of the man ..................... is wearing the black leather jacket?
which/ that
5. You need a bulletproof vest ....................... will keep you protected from gun shots.
Relative Pronouns & M. Ryanindityo
Immigration Polytechnic
Relative Clauses (2) English for Law
 • Whose & Whom
Agenda
• Relative Pronouns with prepositions

• When & Where

 • Whose & Whom

• ‘whose’ is used as the possessive form of ‘who’

Example:

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This is Budi, whose brother went to the academy with me.

• We use ‘whom’ as the object of a verb or preposition.

Examples:
1. This is Budi, whom you met at the reception last month. This is Budi, who you met at
But these
the reception last month.
(‘whom’ is the object of met) days, we
commonly
use ‘who’
2. This is Budi’s brother, with whom I went to the academy. instead of This is Budi’s brother, who I went
‘whom’ to the academy with.
(‘whom’ is the object of with)
 • Whose & Whom
Agenda
• Relative Pronouns with prepositions

• When & Where

 • Relative Pronouns with prepositions

• If ‘who(m)’ or ‘which’ have a preposition, the preposition can either be placed at the beginning of the clause or at the end
of the clause.
Examples:
1. I met the person, from who(m) I got the information on the case.
The prepositions are placed at the
preposition
beginning of the clause.
2. We got some new information, with which we can use to build a case.
preposition

3. I met the person, who(m) I got the information on the case from.
The prepositions are placed at the end of
preposition
the clause.
4. We got some new information, which we can use to build a case with.

preposition

• If ‘that’ has a preposition, the preposition is ALWAYS placed at the end of the clause.

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Examples:
1. I didn’t meet the person that I got the information on the case from.
2. We can’t find the information that we can use to build a case with.
 • Whose & Whom
Agenda
• Relative Pronouns with prepositions

• When & Where

 • When & Where

• When → with times We use ‘when’ and ‘where’ to explain about which time or place we are
We use: talking about
• Where → with places

Examples:
1. World War II ended in 1945. It was the year when we declared our independence.
2. I remember my second year in the academy. It was the year when the plague happened.
3. Do you remember the place where we applied for the Visa?
4. Surabaya is the city where I was born.

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• We may also omit (ignore) ‘when’
Examples:
1. World War II ended in 1945. It was the year when we declared our independence.
World War II ended in 1945. It was the year we declared our independence.
2. I remember my second year in the academy. It was the year when the plague happened.
I remember my second year in the academy. It was the year the plague happened.
 • When & Where

• We frequently use numbers and quantifiers with relative pronouns

all of which/whom most of which/whom many of which/whom

lots of which/whom a few of which/whom none of which/whom
one of which/whom two of which/whom etc.

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Examples:
1. He has two brothers, one of whom is in the immigration academy.
2. I studied four subjects last week, two of which I really loved.
 CHEERS!

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 LIST OF REFERENCES
• British Council. English for Modern Policing: A Practical English Language Course for Law-Enforcement Students
and Professionals.
• Cambridge Assessment English. Learning English. Cambridge University Press.
https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/learning-english/activities-for-learners/c1r001-forensic-linguistics diakses
tanggal 27 Maret 2020.
• Cambridge Dictionary. Modal. Cambridge University Press.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/modal diakses tanggal 27 Maret 2020.
• Mason, Catherine. The Lawyer’s English Language Coursebook. England: Global Legal English, Ltd. 2011.
• British Council. Learn English: Relative Pronouns and Relative Clauses.
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/english-grammar-reference/relative-pronouns-and-relative-clauses diakses
tanggal 04 April 2020.
• Cambridge Dictionary. Relative Pronoun. Cambridge University Press.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/relative-pronoun diakses tanggal 04 April 2020.
• Hasibuan, Sofia Rangkuti. English for Specific Purposes: Law. 10th Revised Edition. Jakarta: Penerbit Dian Rakyat.
2013.