Mechanics of Rigid Bodies (⌒o⌒)

1. Coefficient of friction – ratio of the sliding force required to the weight of the material being pushed.
It is the measure of the resistance to the sliding of one material resting on another.
2. Zero – For a force system to be in static equilibrium, the algebra summation of forces is:
3. Couple – Two forces equal in magnitude but oppositely directed and produce moment is called:
4. True - “A force may be moved anywhere along its line of action without producing a change in
external effect.” This statement is ___.
5. Varignon’s Theorem – What states “the moment of the resultant of 2 concurrent forces about any axis
perpendicular to the plane of forces is equal to the algebraic sum of the moments of the 2 forces about the
same axis”?
6. Betti’s Law – In a structure whose material follows Hooke’s Law and in which the supports are
unyielding, and the temperature is constant, what law states that the external virtual work done by a
system of forces, P, during the deformation caused by a system of forces, Q, is equal to the virtual work
done by a system of forces, Q, during the deformation caused by the P forces?
7. Environmental Loads – snow loads, wind, pressure suction and earthquake load and the like are what
type of loads?
8. Principle of Transmissibility of a force – This states that the external effect of a force on a body is
the same for all points of application along its line of action; i.e., it is the independent of the point of
application.
9. Among the following axioms of mechanics, which of the following is INCORRECT?
a. The parallelogram law: The resultant of two forces is the diagonal of the parallelogram formed on the
vectors of these forces.
b. Two forces are in equilibrium only when equal in magnitude, opposite in direction, and collinear in
action.
c. A set of forces in equilibrium may be added to any system of forces thus changing the effect of the
original system.
d. Action and reaction forces are equal but oppositely directed.
10. Downward but coming to rest - An elevator cable will have its greatest tension when the elevator
car is moving __.
11. 4166667 mm^4 – Calculate the “second moment of area” of a rectangular section with base of 50mm
and height of 100mm.
12. Dead Loads – These are referred to permanent loads or unmovable loads.

For #13-#15, A plane truss as shown in the figure is acted upon by 480 N downward load at joints C and
E and a 1200 N load at J directed as shown.
13. Find the reaction at G. 811 N
14. Find the vertical reaction at A. 1132 N
15. Find the force acting on member AH. 2678 N
16. Pratt truss – It is a type of truss having both vertical and diagonal members between the upper and
lower chords, with the diagonals sloping toward the center.
17. Hooke’s Law – It states that stress is proportional to strain.
18. 100 lbs – The normal force exerted by a smooth horizontal surface towards a 100-lb block acting on it
is __.
19. Live Loads – It refers to occupancy load which is either partially or fully in place or may not be
present at all is called __.
20. Modulus of Elasticity – Ratio of unit stress to unit strain.

Strength of Materials (◠﹏◠✿)

1. Restrained beam – What is the type of beam wherein no rotation or vertical movement can occur at
either ends?
2. Toughness - The property of materials that enable it to absorb energy before rupturing, represented by
the area under stress-strain curve derived from a tensile test of the material.
3. Rigidity - The property of a material to resist a change in its physical shape.
4. Brittleness – The property of a material to fracture at low stress without appreciable deformation.
5. Ductility – The property of a material to undergo plastic deformation after being stressed beyond the
elastic limit before rupturing.
6. Axial Load – A force that acts perpendicular to the cross section of a structural member and at its
centroid.
7. Torsion – The twisting of a structural member about its longitudinal axis by two equal and opposite
torques.
8. Propped beam – A type of beam with fixed support and a roller support at the other end.
9. Proportional Limit – The stress beyond which the ratio of stress and strain for a material no longer
remains constant.
10. Strain – The change in length caused usually by a force applied to a piece, the change being
expressing as a ratio, the increase or decrease divided by the original length.
11. 10 MPa – A spherical pressure vessel with an internal diameter of 540 mm is to be generated using a
3 mm thick steel. The yield stress of the material is 450 MPa and the maximum allowable shear stress is
240 MPa. Determine the maximum allowable internal pressure in MPa.
12.Poisson’s Ratio – The ratio of the transverse strain to longitudinal strain.
13. 200 GPa – The modulus of elasticity of steel is __.
14. Modulus of Resilience – This represents the ability of the material to absorb energy without any
permanent damage to the material.
15. Bitumen – What class of black or dark-colored cementitious substance is composed principally of
high-molecular weight hydrocarbons?
16. L/AE – Give the flexibility of a truss member with length L, cross sectional area A, modulus of
elasticity E and moment of inertia I. Express answer in terms of L, A and E.
17. Purlin – What terms refers to roof beams spanning between trusses?
18. Girt – What do you call the horizontal wall beams serving principally to resist bending due to wind
on the side of an industrial building?
19. 88419 MPa – A metal specimen with 36mm diameter and has a length L = 360 mm. A force of 300
kN elongates the length by 1.2mm. What is the elastic module?
20. Chromium – This element is added to the steel to make the steel corrosion resistant, when this
element is more than 16%, the material is called stainless steel.
21. Quenching – A heat treatment of steel which is done through shock cooling by immersing it to liquid
or molten material into a cooling medium (liquid or gas).
22. Ultimate Strength – It is the largest stress based on the original cross-sectional area which a material
can stand. Thus, it is the maximum ordinate of the stress-strain curve.
23. 0.04 MPa – What is the stress developed in a bar 1 mm length with rectangular cross section 50 mm x
50 mm subjected to an axial tensile force of 100N?
24. Elastic curve – When a beam is loaded, the new position of its longitudinal centroid axis is called __.
For #25-26: A 2m solid shaft having a radius of 35mm is subjected to a torque of 950N-m. Using
G = 80000 MPa,
25. Calculate the maximum torsional shearing stress developed. 14.11 MPa
26. Calculate the maximum angle of twist. 0.01 radians
27. A cantilever beam 6m long carries a uniform load of 400kN/m throughout the span. Ix = 1.7x10^9
mm^4 and E = 200000 MPa. What is the deflection at the free end? 190.59 mm
28. From the given shear diagram shown (Shear forces are in kN). Determine the maximum moment in
the beam.

Answer: 30 KN-m

For #29-30. From the simply supported beam shown,

29. Calculate the reaction at A. 817.27 kN
30. Calculate the reaction at B. 502.73 kN
31. Point of inflection – The point in the moment diagram at which the curvature reverses as it changes
from concave to convex is called __.

Theory of Structures ヾ｜￣ー￣｜ﾉ

1. Using the same EI, which member will resist most of the moment?

Answer: member A.
2. 0.5 – carryover factor for prismatic members
3. Continuous beam – a beam that project beyond one or both its support/s is called __.
4. Compatibility – What is the third requirement to guarantee the correct solution to a structural analysis
problem? (The two being equilibrium and stress-strain relationship). HINT: It has something to do with
constant deformation.
5. Principle of Contragradience – What states that given a linear transformation relationship between
two force vectors P = HQ, the corresponding displacement vector transformation H(triangle) such that Uo
= H(triangle)’Up, is simply the transpose of the force transformation matrix H?
6. Fictitious shear – In the conjugate beam method, the actual slope equals
7. wL^2/12 – What is the maximum moment for a restrained beam?
8. Which of the following statements is/are false about the positions of the live load moment envelope?
a. For max + moment w/in a span, load and all other alternate spans.
b. For max – moment w/in a span, load the two spans adjacent to that span and all other alt spans.
c. For max - moment at a support, load the two spans adjacent to that support and all other alt spans.
d. For max + moment at a support, load the two supports, load the 2 spans beyond each of the 2 spans
adjacent to the support and all other alt spans.
e. None of the above
9. K=K1+K2 – The equivalent spring constant K for a vibrating system with two springs having spring
constant K1 and K2 respectively in __.
10. A simple beam has a span of 6 m with two concentrated loads of 20KN each placed at the third points
of the span. If the extreme fiber stress is 10MPa, determine the required section modulus. 4x10^6 mm^3

Construction Materials and Methods ∧( ‘Θ’ )∧

1. Universal Testing Machine – a testing machine that may be used to conduct tensile, compressive,
bend, and shear test.
2. Fatigue – Test that determines the stress level a metal can withstand without failure when subjected to
an infinitely large number of repeated alternating stresses.
3.Hardness – Test that determines the resistance of a metal to penetration.
4. Yield strength – The minimum stress required to create permanent deformation in a metal.
5. Brinell Testing Machine – A testing machine that may be used to conduct hardness test on metals.
6. Curing – the process of treatment of concrete against evaporation of moisture and temperature
condition.
7. Durability – Important property of concrete to be able to withstand deterioration due to weathering
action.
8. Workability – the ease in which a uniform mass of freshly mixed concrete can be moved without
segregation into final position in which the concrete is allowed to harden.
9. Soundness – Test that manifests the resistance of cement against deforming caused by temperature
change.
10. Quality Assurance – Comprises tests performed by a company receiving new supplies to make
certain that the shipment meets the standards called for in the order.
11. Quality Control – Involves test done by a company on their own product prior to shipment to ensure
that the product meets the manufacturer’s standard.
12. 200 mm – Required gage length (GL) of the specimen in the Tension Test of Rebars.
13. Non-prestressed – Structural units cast in molds in a factory that have reinforcing members not under
tension as they are being cast.
14. Pre-tensioned – Tension applied to steel reinforcing before the concrete has been poured and allowed
to harden.
15. Pre-stressed – Structural units cast in molds in a factory that have stresses introduced as they are
being cast or after casting.
16. Dewatering – The process used to lower the subsurface water on a site so that the excavation remains
dry and stable.
17. Crane – Construction equipment primarily used for lifting, lowering and transporting loads. They
move loads horizontally by swinging and traveling.
18. Grading – Process of bringing earthwork to the desired shape and elevation.
19. Productive life – The lifetime of an equipment over which it can profitably survive in the face of
improved models, changes in methods and techniques etc.
20. Spread – Type of foundation that transmits load to the soil through the footing.
21. Pile – These are relatively long, slender members that transmit foundation loads thru soil strata of low
bearing capacity to deeper soil or rock strata having a high bearing capacity.
22. Hydraulic – Cement which does not only harden by reacting with water but also from water-resistant
product.
23. Limestone – Raw material used to produce cement.
24. Fineness modulus – The measure of the relative fineness of sand.
25. Wash test – This test determines the silt and clay composition in aggregates. It also indicates the
cleanliness of the aggregate.
26. Abrasion test – This test evaluates the structural strength of aggregates.
27. SSD – Moisture condition of an aggregate where the surface is dry, but the voids and interior of the
aggregate are fully saturated.
28. Aggregates – The most important material in concrete which is held together by cement paste.
29. Cold bending – A standard test done on reinforcing steel bars to check its amenability to bending in
structural applications.
30. Tension – A mechanical test used to evaluate the tensile properties of steel.

Reinforced Concrete Technology (^з^)-☆

1. Concrete – a mixture of water, cement, sand, gravel, or other aggregates.

2. 1/5 – The nominal maximum sizes of coarse aggregate should be greater than ___ the narrowest…
3. 1/3 – dimension between sides of forms, ___ the depth of slabs,
4. ¾ - or ___ the minimum clear spacing between the individual reinforcing bars.
5. 6 meters – The shortest length in meters of a commercially available rebar.
6. Fine Aggregates – Aggregates that passes through a No. 4 sieve (about 6 mm in size).
7. 25 – The nominal diameter of #8 rebar in mm.
8. fc’ – It is the 28th day compressive strength of concrete.
9. 4 – The maximum number of rebar in a bundled bar.
10. 12 meters – The longest length in meters of a commercially available rebar.
11. 1.4DL – The load factor for a dead load as per NSCP 2001.
12. 1.7LL – The load factor for a live load as per NSCP 2001.
13. 1.7 – The load factor for a wind load as per NSCP 2001.
14. Reinforced Concrete – A composite member consisting of a concrete and reinforcing bars.
15. 0.9 – The strength reduction factor for flexure is ___.
16. 10mm – The nominal diameter of #3 rebar in mm.
17. 276 MPa – The yield strength of grade 40 steel rebar in MPa.
18. 0.003 – The maximum usable strain for concrete is ___.
19. Coarse Aggregate – Aggregates that are retained through a No. 4 sieve (about 6mm in size).
20. Slump Test – It is an empirical test that measures the workability of fresh concrete.
21. Curing – It is a process in which the concrete is protected from loss of moisture and kept within a
reasonable temperature range.
22. 40kg – What is the standard weight in kilograms of one bag of Portland cement?
23. 21,538 – Compute for the modulus of Elasticity in MPa of concrete with fc’ = 21MPa.
24. Water Cement Ratio – It is the ratio of weight of water to the weight of cement used in a concrete
mix.
25. 75 mm – What is the minimum concrete cover in mm for concrete cast against and permanently
exposed to earth?
26. Propped beam – A type of beam with fixed support and a roller support at the other end.
27. Plasticizers – A type of admixture that reduces the inter-particle forces that exist between cement
grains in the fresh paste; thereby increasing the paste fluidity.
28. Workability – Which of the following is NOT a property of hardened hydraulic cement concrete?
(Choices: economy, durability, density or workability)
29. Dead load – These are referred to as permanent loads or unmovable loads in structures.
30. 2KPa – As per NSCP 2001, what is the uniform live load for residential occupancy in KPa?
31. The Code limits the tensile steel percentage in reinforced concrete design to ensure what kind of
failure? Brittle, Tough, Hard, Ductile
32. Over reinforced design of concrete will experience what kind of failure? Choices: Brittle, Tough,
Hard, Ductile
33. The maximum reinforcement ratio provided by the code is taken ___ of Pbal. Choices: 0.85, 0.9, 1.4,
1.7, 0.75

34. In reinforced concrete design, the value of β 1 if the fc’ is less than 30MPa is __. Choices: 0.85, 0.9,
1.4, 1.7, 0.75
True or False
1. Water coming from clear canals can be mixed in concrete. False (it can’t be mixed)
2. Reinforcing steel is strong in tension. True
3. The higher the water cement ratio, the lower the strength of the concrete. True
4. Deformed rebar is better than plain rebar. True (mas makapit sa deformed due to its rings/ribs)
5. Tables and chairs inside a classroom is considered dead load. False (it is live load)
6. Live loads for classrooms are larger than that of the libraries. False (classrooms – smaller live loads)
7. Elongated gravel is much better than rounded gravel. False (mas better ang rounded because
compact)
8. Under reinforced design is more preferred by designers other than the over reinforced design. True
(because mauuna magyield ang steel than concrete)
9. A slump of zero means high workability. False (using cone)
10. Concrete is strong in compression. True
11. If the water-to-cement ratio decreases, Concrete strength increases. True
12. If the water-to-cement ratio decreases, porosity decreases. True
13. If the water-to-cement ratio decreases, solid-to-space ratio increases. True
14. Wind pressure for structures built in Manila is lesser than those in Palawan. False (Manila – higher
wind pressure)
15. A 3000psi concrete has a 28th compressive strength equal to 27MPa. False (it should be 21 MPa)

Reinforced Concrete Design ( ́ ◕◞ε◟◕`)

Balanced condition 1. What is the mode of failure for short columns at which the concrete reaches its
limit strain eu precisely the same instant that the tensile steel on the far side of the column reaches yield
strain ey?
4.83 2. Given: ES = 29,000 ksi, Econcrete = 6,000 ksi. What is the modular ratio?
2
√ f ' c 3.What is the max Vs (shear carried by the stirrups)?
3
Effective depth 4. What is the distance from the extreme fiber in compression to the centroid of the
tension steel area?
0.003 5. The maximum useable strain at the extreme concrete compression fiber shall be assumed to be
equal to ____.
Deadman 6. The buried plate, wall or block attached at some distance from and forming an anchorage for
retaining wall.
Lintel beam 7. It is a beam especially provided over an opening for a door, window, etc. to carry the wall
over the opening.
Concrete strength increases, porosity decreases, solid-to-space ratio increases 8. What will happen to
the concrete strength if the water-to-cement ratio decreases?
Creep 9. What is the property of concrete by which it continues to deform with time under sustained
loads at unit stresses within acceptable elastic range?
10. Honeycomb structures exhibit: small arches with chain particles, Negative relative densities
Balanced strain 11. What is the condition where the tension steel strain reaches the yielding strain
simultaneously with the concrete reaching the crushing strain which is usually 0.003?
Hydraulic cement 12. What is a material that has adhesive and cohesive properties enabling it to bound
mineral fragments into a solid mass in the presence of water?
Cementitious Materials 13. What materials have adhesive and cohesive properties necessary to bond
inert aggregates solid mass of adequate strength and durability?
Heat of Hydration 14. What is generated when compounds in cement react with water to acquire stable
low-energy states?
Plasticizers 15. What compound reduce the interparticle forces that exist between cement grains in the
fresh paste; thereby increasing the paste fluidity?
Slippage 16. In mixes exposed to water, what is the term used to refer to the separation of aggregate from
the bitumen due to the faster absorption of water on the aggregate surface?
Water-cement ratio 17. A parametric used for estimating strength of concrete.
Mobility 18. It is the property of fresh concrete which is the ability to flow under momentum transfer or
under mechanical stress?
True 19. True or False: As water to cement ratio increases, there is a progressive weakening due to
increase in porosity.
Cofferdam 20. It is a temporary dam-like structure constructed around an excavation to exclude water.
Workability 21. Which of the following is NOT a property of hardened hydraulic cement concrete?
Color, texture, and shape of the aggregates 22. Which of the following properties of aggregates has the
LEAST influence on the quality of concrete?
Provide expansion of joints and sectional pouring of concrete 23. Which of the following will
minimize the cracking of pavement due to thermal expansion?

Steel Design १✌˚◡˚✌५

100% 1. In structural steel design, structures carrying live load which induce impact, the assumed live
load shall be increased sufficiently to provide for it. If not otherwise specified, the increase for supports of
elevators shall be:
300 2. Based on the AISC, what is the maximum slenderness ratio kL/r for tension members?
200 3. The slenderness ratio of compression members shall not exceed:
15 mm 4. A wide flange section is used as a beam to carry a total shear of 900KN. If the depth of the
wide flange section is 600mm, determine the required web thickness. Fy = 250 MPa.
Shear center 5. The point on the cross section of a member where a transverse load must pass to
minimize twisting.
Not greater than thickness of material 6. The maximum size of fillet weld that may be used along
edges of materials less than 6mm thick:
Not greater than thickness of material less 1.6mm 7. The maximum size of fillet weld that may be used
along edges of materials 6mm or more in thickness:
Buckling 8. It is the sidewise bending or displacement accompanied by twisting about minor or weaker
axis usually at the compression section.
85% of gross area 9. Riveted and bolted splice and gusset plates and other connection fittings subject to
tensile force shall be design in accordance with AISC requirements where the effective net area shall be
taken as the actual net area except that, for the purpose of design calculations, it shall not be taken as
greater than __.
Vertically upon the area projected on the horizontal 10. Roof live loads shall be assumed to act:
2
Pcr =π EI / 196 11. The Euler Column Formula for finding the critical load on a long column is
2 2
Pcr =π EI / L where L is the effective length of the column. For a column hinged at the top, fixed at the
bottom and 20 inches high, the critical load is equal to:
Area of web 12. The shear strength of a steel I-beam is dependent on the __.
0.6 Fy 13. The allowable stresses for tension in structural steel in terms of gross area is __.
0.50 Fu 14. The allowable stresses for tension in structural steel in terms of effective net area is __.
Radius of gyration 15. It is an imaginary distance from the centroidal axis at which the entire area can be
assumed to exist without affecting the moment of inertia.
123 16. A wide flange section W21x83 weighs __.
530 17. A wide flange section W21x83 has an overall depth of approximately __ millimeters.
1.6 18. In computing net area, the width of a rivet or bolt hole shall be taken as __ mm greater than the
nominal dimension of the hole normal to the direction of applied stress.
Ductility 19. It is the ability of a material like steel to undergo large inelastic deformation without failure.
85 20. For relatively short fittings such as splice or gusset plates used as statically loaded connecting
elements, the net area An shall not exceed __ % of the gross area A g.

200,000 21. Modulus of Elasticity of structural steel in MPa.

Moment of inertia 22. It is also known as the second moment of area.
Carbon & Iron 23. Steel is an alloy comprising of two elements. They are __ and __.
Rivet 24. This type of fastener is installed by heating to a light cherry-red color, inserting it into a hole
and then applying pressure to the performed head while at the same time squeezing the plain end to form
a rounded head.
0.6 25. The allowable bending stress of a non-compact channel section bent about their weaker axis is
taken __ Fy.
Purlin 26. It is a roof beam spanning between trusses or rigid frames subjected to flexure or bending.
0.75 27. The allowable bending stress of a compact wide flange section bent about their weaker axis is
taken __ Fy.
2
wL
28. The maximum bending moment for a purlin may be taken as:
8
56.87 kgs. 29. What is the weight of 32mm diameter deformed steel bar 9m long? Weight of steel = 7850
kg/cu.m.
9.56 kgs. 30. What is the weight of 40 mm diameter deformed steel bar 1m long?

Timber Design (￣(エ)￣)

A timber has a circular cross section having a diameter of 250 mm. It has a simple span of 4 m. NSCP
specs states that in a circular beam the strength is equal to the strength of square section having the same
area.
Allowable stresses of wood are as follows:
Shearing stress parallel to the grain, fv = 1.73 MPa
 Bending stress, fb = 16.5 MPa
Allowable deflection = 1/240 of span
Modulus of elasticity of wood = 7.31 GPa

1. Calculate the maximum uniform load so that the allowable shear stress parallel to the grain is not
exceeded? Answer: 28.31 KN/m
2. Calculate the maximum uniform load so that the allowable bending stress is not exceeded? Answer:
14.95 KN/m
3. Calculate the maximum uniform load so that the allowable deflection is not exceeded? Answer: 7.34
KN/m

The T-section shown is formed by joining two rectangular pieces of wood together. The beam is
subjected to a maximum shearing force of 60 kN.
4. Calculate the moment of inertia about the neutral axis in mm? Answer: 10.573 x 106

5. Calculate the shearing stress at the neutral axis? Answer: 3.28 MPa
6. Calculate the shearing stress at the junction between two pieces of wood? Answer: 31.78 MPa
A rectangular wooden beam has a span of 6 m & carries a total uniform load of 25 kN/m including its
own weight. The beam is made up of 80% stress grade Apitong with allowable stresses shown below.
Allowable Stresses for Apitong 80% Stress Grade:
Allowable bending = 16.5 MPa
Compression parallel to grain = 9.56 MPa
Compression perpendicular to grain = 2.20 MPa
Shear parallel to grain = 1.73 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity = 7310 MPa
Allowable deflection = L/240
7. Which of the following gives the smallest dimension of beam that will not exceed the allowable
bending stress? Answer: 220 x 440 mm
8. Which of the following gives the smallest dimension of the beam that will not exceed the allowable
shearing stress? Answer: 200 x 400 mm
9. Which of the following gives the smallest dimension of the beam that will not exceed the allowable
deflection? Answer: 250 x 500 mm
10. A timber column of height 5m has a square cross section of side 200mm. It is supporting a load of
320KN. At mid height, a recess is cut in one face of the column to receive a girt. The cut is 250mm
vertical and 50mm deep. Calculate the strain energy in Newton-meter if E = 13600 MPa. Answer:
478.431
11. Determine the most economical commercial size of a Yakal beam which can replace a 100mm x
200mm Apitong beam. The allowable bending stress for Apitong and Yakal are 13.8 MPa and 19.3 MPa,
respectively. Assume lateral stability is not a problem. Answer: 50 x 250 mm
12. A cantilever wooden beam 60mm wide by 200mm high and 6m long carries a load that varies
uniformly from zero at the free end to 1000 N/m at the wall. Compute the flexural stress in a fiber 40mm
from the top of the beam at a section 3m from the free end. Answer: 1.125 MPa
13. A 2’’x4’’x1’ lumber is: Answer: 2/3 bd.ft.
14. What do you call the type of cut that is parallel to the axis of the tree and radially across the annual
rings? Answer: Quarter Sawing
15. What type of defect in lumber is described as the longitudinal cracks following the growth rings? This
develops prior to cutting the lumber and sometimes caused by heavy winds. Answer: Shake
16. True/False: Wood is stronger when load is perpendicular to the grains. False (true-parallel)
I. Reinforced Concrete Design
wL^2/8 1. The maximum moment of a simply supported beam whose span length is L, in meter, carrying
a uniformly distributed load of w in N/m, is:
Live load 2. Loads that are movable or replaceable on structure are known as:
Soft story 3. It is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70% of the stiffness of the story above it.
Diaphragm 4. A horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical
resisting elements. It includes horizontal bracing system.
Aggregates 5. These are inert material used in concrete which occupy more than 75% of the volume of
the hardened concrete product.
Tendons 6. Steel elements such as wire, cables, bars, rods or strands of wires or a bundle of such
elements used in pre-stressed concrete structures are called:
Pre-tensioning 7. What method of pre-stressing in which tendons are tensioned before concrete is cast in
place?
Admixture 8. This refers to the substance other than aggregate, cement or water added in small quantity
normally less than 5% of the weight cement, to alter the properties of the concrete mix or the hardened
solid.

II. NSCP

6 db 9. The minimum bend diameter for 10 mm ∅ through 25 mm ∅ bars.

36 mm 10. Bars larger than (32) mm shall not be bundles in beams.
75 mm/3’’ 11. Minimum concrete cover cast against and permanently exposed to earth.
0.85 12. In ultimate strength design, the strength reduction factor ∅ for shear and torsion.

L/28 13. The minimum one-way slab thickness for a BOTH ends continuous slab is __.
0.60 14. Deep simple span flexural members has overall depth to clear span ratio greater than __.
10 days 15. Before commencing the excavation work, the person making the excavation shall notify in
writing the owner of the adjoining building not less than __ days before such excavation is to be made.
150 mm 16. The maximum spacing of ties and spirals in a driven pre-cast concrete pile center to center.
Essential facilities 17. Aviation control towers fall to what type of occupancy?
L/360 18. The allowable deflection for any structural member loaded with live load only.
L/240 19. The allowable deflection for any structural member loaded with dead load and live load only.
50 20. Spacing for a lateral support for a beam shall not exceed __ times the least width b of compression
flange or face.
III. Miscellaneous
Pier 21. It is an isolated column of masonry or a bearing wall not bonded at the sides into associated
masonry, when its horizontal dimension measured the right angles, or the thickness does not exceed four
times its thickness.
Post-tensioning 22. Method of pre-stressing in which tendons are tensioned after concrete has hardened.
Admixture 23. A material, other than aggregate, cementitious material or water, added in small quantities
to the mix in order to produce some (desired) modifications, either to the properties of the mix or of the
hardened product.
wL/2 24. A simply supported beam, L metes long, carrying a uniformly distributed loaded of w in N/m,
produces a maximum shear force of:
beams 25. Structures that are subjected to transverse loads are called:
Columns 26. Members that are generally vertical, subjected to compressive loads, sometimes with
bending moments are called:
Dead Loads 27. These are referred to permanent loads or unmovable loads.
Moving Loads 28. Loads that change position within the span of a beam in short amount of time. These
loads are often exemplified by wheel loads.
Flexural stress 29. It is synonym to bending stress.
Bond 30. Adherence between materials such as bricks/mortar, or piles of felt, of between felts and other
elements of roof systems, which use bitumen or other materials as the cementing agent.
Shear wall 31. A wall that resists horizontal forces applied in the plane of the wall.
One-way slab 32. If the ratio of the short direction to the long direction of a slab is less than 0.5, then the
slab is considered:

0.9 33. In ultimate strength design, the reduction factor ∅ for bending/flexure is:
0.003 34. The actual strain by which a concrete fall is 0.004. For safety purposes, the ACI code allows
designers to use:
20mm 35. The minimum clear cover allowed by the code for slabs, not exposed to weather is:
25mm 36. A number 8 (#8 steel reinforcing bar) has a diameter of:
Essential facilities 37. What do you call those structures that are necessary for emergency operations
subsequent to a natural disaster?
Soft story 38. It is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70% of the stiffness of the story above or
less than 80% of the average stiffness of the three stories above.
Bearing wall system 39. A structural system without a complete vertical load-carrying space frame.
6-16mm-diameter bars 40. The minimum reinforcing steel for Spiral Columns allowed by the ACI Code
is:
36 mm 41. The ACI Code states that “bars larger than #11 should not be bundled in beams or girders”.
This means that one should not bundle the steel bars if the diameter is larger than:
0.01-0.08 42. The steel ratio, p for spiral columns ranges from
One-way slabs 43. The temperature bars are 10-mm diameter steel bars are placed on top and
perpendicular to the main reinforcement of:
1.4 DL + 1.7 LL 44. Which is the correct factored load for Strength Design Method?
Stress 45. It is defined as the unit strength of a material.
Shearing stress 46. The stress developed when the applied load causes adjacent sections within a body to
slide past each other.
Bearing stress 47. It is the contact pressure developed between two bodies.
Thermal stress 48. The stress induced as a result of restrained deformations due to changes in
temperature.
Working stress 49. The actual stress in a material under a given loading.
Allowable stress 50. It is the maximum safe stress that a material can withstand.