Lab 3 Report

Fluid Mechanics Lab

BEME-F-20-A

Submitted to:
Engr. Ahmed Jamil

Submitted By:
M.Hamdan 201931
Aziz-Ur-Rehman 201991
Osama Ali 201990
Objective:
• To determine the specific gravities and densities of different fluids using a hydrometer.
• To determine the viscosity of different fluids using the principle of the falling sphere
viscometer.

Engineering Principle:
1. Archimedes Principle:
“Any object, totally or partially immersed in a fluid, is buoyed up by a
force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.”

2. Stoke’s Law:
“A mathematical expression that gives the value of the friction force or
drag force (Stoke’s drag) for spherical objects moving with very small Reynold’s
numbers in viscous fluids.”

Engineering Assumptions:
• The temperature of the fluid/ambient temperature is close to the calibration temperature
of the hydrometer.

• The tests are carried out at atmospheric pressure.

• The falling sphere is of uniform material and has a smooth surface.

• The sphere falls with a low velocity, does not cause turbulence in the fluid and achieves
terminal velocity.

• The test fluid is incompressible, viscous and Newtonian.

• The test fluid is in the condition of creeping flow (Stoke’s flow) with viscous forces
dominant over inertial forces.

Nomenclature:
1. Specific gravity = s
2. Density = “ρ” (kg/m3 )
3. Dynamic viscosities = “μ” (N.s/m2)

Given Data:
Calculations and Result:
Table:
Conclusion:

Questions:
1. State an application of Stoke’s Law apart from viscosity measurement.
• Rain drop do not acquire alarmingly high velocity during their free fall. If this does not
happen a person moving in rain would get hurt.
• While jumping from an airplane, parachute helps us to land safely on the earth.
• It is used to determine the value of charge on an electron. (Millikan’s oil drop method).

2. What happens to the viscosity of liquids with change in temperature?

• The viscosity of a liquid decreases with increase in its temperature.
• The viscosity of a liquid increases with decrease in its temperature.

3. Name the different types of hydrometers and their uses.

There are different types of specialized hydrometers named after their uses:

• Lactometer for milk

• Alcoholometer for wines and alcohols.
• A barometer for tanning liquids in leather-making.
• Acidometer for acids.
• Batter hydrometer for lead-acid battery.
• Salinometer for liquids with salt content.
• Thermohydrometer for fuel oils like petroleum.